Difference between revisions of "Sixteen Arhats"
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| − | [[Image:Buddha16Arhats.JPG|frame|[[Buddha]] and | + | [[Image:Buddha16Arhats.JPG|frame|[[Buddha]] and the [[Sixteen Arhats]])] |
| − | |||
| − | #[[Angaja]] (Tib. [[Yenlag Chung]]; Wyl. ''[[yan lag ‘byung]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Ajita]] (Tib. [[Ma Phampa]]; Wyl. ''[[ma pham pa]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Vanavasin]] (Tib. [[Nagnané]]; Wyl. ''[[nags gnas]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Mahakalika]] (Tib. [[Düden Chenpo]]; Wyl. ''[[dus ldan chen po]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Vajriputra]] (Tib. [[Dorje Möbu]]; Wyl. ''[[rdo rje mo’i bu]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Shribhadra]] (Tib. [[Pal Zangpo]]; Wyl. ''[[dpal bzang]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Kanakavatsa]] (Tib. [[Sergyi Be'u]]; Wyl. ''[[gser gyi be’u]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Kanaka]] (Tib. [[Serchen]]; Wyl. ''[[gser can]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Bakula]] (Tib. [[Bakula]]; Wyl. ''[[bakkula]]'')<br> | + | '''Sixteen [[Arhat]]s''' or '''[[Sixteen Sthaviras|Sthaviras]]''' (Skt. ''[[Ṣoḍaśa Sthavirāḥ]]''; Tib. ''[[Neten Chudruk]]''; [[Wyl.]] ''[[gnas brtan bcu drug]]'') — [[Buddha Shakyamuni]] personally selected the [[Sixteen Arhats]] from amongst his [[disciples]] and requested them to remain in the [[world]], protecting the [[Dharma]] for as long as [[beings]] are capable of benefitting from the teachings. They |
| − | #[[Rahula]], the Buddha's son (Tib. [[Drachen Dzin]]; Wyl. ''[[sgra gcan 'dzin]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Chulapanthaka]] (Tib. [[Lamtren Ten]]; Wyl. ''[[lam phran bstan]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Pindola Bharadvaja]] (Tib. [[Dza Sönyom Len]]; Wyl. ''[[bha ra dva ja so nyom len]]'')<br> | + | [[vowed]] at the time of the [[parinirvana]] to remain in the [[world]] and maintain the [[Dharma]] until the time of the [[future Buddha]] [[Maitreya]]. To [[visualize]] the [[Buddha Shakyamuni]] surrounded by the [[Sixteen Arhats]] and an assembly of [[bodhisattva]]s generates great [[merit]] and quickly develops [[insight]] into the teachings of the [[Buddha]]. |
| − | #[[Panthaka]] (Tib. [[Lamten]]; Wyl. ''[[lam chen bstan]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Nagasena]] (Tib. [[Lüdé]]; Wyl. ''[[klu sde]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Gopaka]] (Tib. [[Bechepa]]; Wyl. ''[[sbed byed]]'')<br> | + | |
| − | #[[Abhedya]] (Tib. [[Michepa]]; Wyl. ''[[mi phyed pa]]'')<br> | + | #[[Angaja]] (Tib. [[Yenlag Chung]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[yan lag ‘byung]]'')<br> |
| + | #[[Ajita]] (Tib. [[Ma Phampa]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[ma pham pa]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Vanavasin]] (Tib. [[Nagnané]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[nags gnas]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Mahakalika]] (Tib. [[Düden Chenpo]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[dus ldan chen po]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Vajriputra]] (Tib. [[Dorje Möbu]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[rdo rje mo’i bu]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Shribhadra]] (Tib. [[Pal Zangpo]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[dpal bzang]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Kanakavatsa]] (Tib. [[Sergyi Be'u]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[gser gyi be’u]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Kanaka]] (Tib. [[Serchen]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[gser can]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Bakula]] (Tib. [[Bakula]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[bakkula]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Rahula]], the [[Buddha's son]] (Tib. [[Drachen Dzin]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[sgra gcan 'dzin]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Chulapanthaka]] (Tib. [[Lamtren Ten]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[lam phran bstan]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Pindola Bharadvaja]] (Tib. [[Dza Sönyom Len]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[bha ra dva ja so nyom len]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Panthaka]] (Tib. [[Lamten]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[lam chen bstan]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Nagasena]] (Tib. [[Lüdé]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[klu sde]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Gopaka]] (Tib. [[Bechepa]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[sbed byed]]'')<br> | ||
| + | #[[Abhedya]] (Tib. [[Michepa]]; [[Wyl.]] ''[[mi phyed pa]]'')<br> | ||
The [[Sixteen Arhats]] are usually shown in [[thangka]]s accompanied by their two attendants, [[Hva Shang]] and [[Upasaka Dharmatala]] and by the [[Four Great Kings]]. | The [[Sixteen Arhats]] are usually shown in [[thangka]]s accompanied by their two attendants, [[Hva Shang]] and [[Upasaka Dharmatala]] and by the [[Four Great Kings]]. | ||
==Further Reading== | ==Further Reading== | ||
| − | ===In Tibetan=== | + | ===In [[Tibetan]]=== |
{{Nolinking|*[[Mipham Rinpoche]], '''phags pa'i gnas brtan chen po bcu drug gi lo rgyus mdor bsdus''}} | {{Nolinking|*[[Mipham Rinpoche]], '''phags pa'i gnas brtan chen po bcu drug gi lo rgyus mdor bsdus''}} | ||
| Line 35: | Line 49: | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
| − | '''The Sixteen Arhats''' | + | '''The [[Sixteen Arhats]]''' |
<Gallery> | <Gallery> | ||
| Line 42: | Line 56: | ||
Image:Vanavasin.jpg|[[Vanavasin]] | Image:Vanavasin.jpg|[[Vanavasin]] | ||
Image:Kalika.jpg|[[Maha Kalika]] | Image:Kalika.jpg|[[Maha Kalika]] | ||
| − | Image: Vajriputra.jpg|[[Vajriputra]] | + | Image:Vajriputra.jpg|[[Vajriputra]] |
Image:Sribhadra.jpg|[[Shibhadra]] | Image:Sribhadra.jpg|[[Shibhadra]] | ||
Image:Kanakavatsa.jpg|[[Kanakavatsa]] | Image:Kanakavatsa.jpg|[[Kanakavatsa]] | ||
Image:Kanaka.jpg|[[Kanaka]] | Image:Kanaka.jpg|[[Kanaka]] | ||
| − | Image: | + | Image:Bakula00.jpg|[[Bakula]] |
Image:Rahula.jpg|[[Rahula]] | Image:Rahula.jpg|[[Rahula]] | ||
Image:Chulapanthaka.jpg|[[Chulapanthaka]] | Image:Chulapanthaka.jpg|[[Chulapanthaka]] | ||
| Line 62: | Line 76: | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| − | '''The Four Great Kings''' | + | '''The [[Four Great Kings]]''' |
<Gallery> | <Gallery> | ||
Image:Dhritarashtra.jpg|[[Dhritarashtra]] | Image:Dhritarashtra.jpg|[[Dhritarashtra]] | ||
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{{RigpaWiki}} | {{RigpaWiki}} | ||
| + | {{NewSourceBreak}} | ||
| + | [[File:1qd.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| + | <poem> | ||
| + | [[sixteen arhats]] | ||
| + | [[十六羅漢]] (Jpn [[juroku-rakan]] ) | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Arhats]] designated by [[Shakyamuni Buddha]] to {{Wiki|protect}} his teachings for the {{Wiki|benefit}} of the [[people]] after his [[death]]. According to [[Hsüan-tsang's]] {{Wiki|Chinese}} translation of The [[Record of Ensuring the Abiding of the Law]], they continued to [[live]] after [[Shakyamuni's]] entry into [[nirvana]] in [[order]] to fulfill this [[mission]]. They are [[Pindolabharadvaja]], [[Kanakavatsa]], [[Kanakabharadvaja]], [[Subinda]], [[Nakula]], [[Bhadra]], [[Kalika]], [[Vajraputra]], [[Jivaka]], [[Panthaka]], [[Rahula]], [[Nagasena]], [[Angaja]], [[Vanavasin]], [[Ajita]], and [[Chudapanthaka]]. In [[China]] and [[Japan]], the [[sixteen arhats]] were often depicted artistically and these images enshrined in [[temples]], in particular of the [[Zen school]]. | ||
| + | </poem> | ||
| + | {{R}} | ||
| + | [http://www.sgilibrary.org/search_dict.php www.sgilibrary.org] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
{{BuddhismbyNumber}} | {{BuddhismbyNumber}} | ||
[[Category:Sixteen Arhats]] | [[Category:Sixteen Arhats]] | ||
[[Category:Disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni]] | [[Category:Disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:20, 29 December 2023
[[Image:Buddha16Arhats.JPG|frame|Buddha and the Sixteen Arhats)]
Sixteen Arhats or Sthaviras (Skt. Ṣoḍaśa Sthavirāḥ; Tib. Neten Chudruk; Wyl. gnas brtan bcu drug) — Buddha Shakyamuni personally selected the Sixteen Arhats from amongst his disciples and requested them to remain in the world, protecting the Dharma for as long as beings are capable of benefitting from the teachings. They
vowed at the time of the parinirvana to remain in the world and maintain the Dharma until the time of the future Buddha Maitreya. To visualize the Buddha Shakyamuni surrounded by the Sixteen Arhats and an assembly of bodhisattvas generates great merit and quickly develops insight into the teachings of the Buddha.
- Angaja (Tib. Yenlag Chung; Wyl. yan lag ‘byung)
- Ajita (Tib. Ma Phampa; Wyl. ma pham pa)
- Vanavasin (Tib. Nagnané; Wyl. nags gnas)
- Mahakalika (Tib. Düden Chenpo; Wyl. dus ldan chen po)
- Vajriputra (Tib. Dorje Möbu; Wyl. rdo rje mo’i bu)
- Shribhadra (Tib. Pal Zangpo; Wyl. dpal bzang)
- Kanakavatsa (Tib. Sergyi Be'u; Wyl. gser gyi be’u)
- Kanaka (Tib. Serchen; Wyl. gser can)
- Bakula (Tib. Bakula; Wyl. bakkula)
- Rahula, the Buddha's son (Tib. Drachen Dzin; Wyl. sgra gcan 'dzin)
- Chulapanthaka (Tib. Lamtren Ten; Wyl. lam phran bstan)
- Pindola Bharadvaja (Tib. Dza Sönyom Len; Wyl. bha ra dva ja so nyom len)
- Panthaka (Tib. Lamten; Wyl. lam chen bstan)
- Nagasena (Tib. Lüdé; Wyl. klu sde)
- Gopaka (Tib. Bechepa; Wyl. sbed byed)
- Abhedya (Tib. Michepa; Wyl. mi phyed pa)
The Sixteen Arhats are usually shown in thangkas accompanied by their two attendants, Hva Shang and Upasaka Dharmatala and by the Four Great Kings.
Further Reading
In Tibetan
- Mipham Rinpoche, 'phags pa'i gnas brtan chen po bcu drug gi lo rgyus mdor bsdus
In English
- Crystal Mirror, volume VI, Dharma Publishing 1984
- M. W. de Visser, The Arhats in China and Japan, Oesterheld & Co. Berlin, 1923
- Tate, J. 'The Sixteen Arhats in Tibetan Painting,' in Oriental Art 35, 4 1989/90, pp. 196-206
External Links
- Buddha and 16 Arhats practice by Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo
- The Sixteen Arhats outline page at Himalayan Art Resources
Gallery
The Sixteen Arhats
The Two Attendants
The Four Great Kings
Source
sixteen arhats
十六羅漢 (Jpn juroku-rakan )
Arhats designated by Shakyamuni Buddha to protect his teachings for the benefit of the people after his death. According to Hsüan-tsang's Chinese translation of The Record of Ensuring the Abiding of the Law, they continued to live after Shakyamuni's entry into nirvana in order to fulfill this mission. They are Pindolabharadvaja, Kanakavatsa, Kanakabharadvaja, Subinda, Nakula, Bhadra, Kalika, Vajraputra, Jivaka, Panthaka, Rahula, Nagasena, Angaja, Vanavasin, Ajita, and Chudapanthaka. In China and Japan, the sixteen arhats were often depicted artistically and these images enshrined in temples, in particular of the Zen school.
