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Difference between revisions of "Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅgasuttaṁ (MN 142): The Discourse giving the Analysis of Offerings"

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{{Centre|<big><big>Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅgasuttaṁ (MN 142)<br/>
+
{{Centre|<big><big>[[Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅgasuttaṁ]] (MN 142)<br/>
 
The Discourse giving the Analysis of Offerings<br/></big></big>
 
The Discourse giving the Analysis of Offerings<br/></big></big>
 
Edited & Translated by<br/>
 
Edited & Translated by<br/>
Line 6: Line 6:
 
}}
 
}}
  
==The Setting=
+
==The Setting==
  
 
<poem>
 
<poem>
Line 12: Line 12:
 
Thus I heard:
 
Thus I heard:
  
ekaṁ samayaṁ Bhagavā Sakkesu viharati Kapilavatthusmiṁ Nigrodhārāme.
+
ekaṁ samayaṁ [[Bhagavā]] Sakkesu viharati Kapilavatthusmiṁ Nigrodhārāme.
at one time the Gracious One was dwelling amongst the Sakyas, near to Kapilavatthu, in Nigrodha's Monastery. <ref>Kapilavatthu was the Buddha's home town. Nigrodha was a Sakyan who donated this park to the Saṅgha. The Buddha performed the Double Miracle (Yamakapāṭihāriya) there on his first visit to his home town after the Awakening. It was also the place where Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī first requested the foundation of the Bhikkhuṇī order. Later the Buddha would relate the Vessantarajātaka while living there (source DPPN).</ref>
+
at one time the Gracious One was dwelling amongst the [[Sakyas]], near to [[Kapilavatthu]], in [[Nigrodha's]] [[Monastery]]. <ref>[[Kapilavatthu]] was the [[Buddha's]] home town. [[Nigrodha]] was a [[Sakyan]] who donated this park to the [[Saṅgha]]. The [[Buddha]] performed the Double [[Miracle]] ([[Yamakapāṭihāriya]]) there on his first visit to his home town after the [[Awakening]]. It was also the place where [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]] first requested the foundation of the Bhikkhuṇī order. Later the [[Buddha]] would relate the Vessantarajātaka while living there (source DPPN).</ref>
  
Atha kho Mahāpajāpatī <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: Mahāpajāpati, and similarly throughout.}}</ref> Gotamī navaṁ dussayugaṁ ādāya yena Bhagavā tenupasaṅkami,
+
Atha kho [[Mahāpajāpatī]] <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: Mahāpajāpati, and similarly throughout.}}</ref> [[Gotamī]] navaṁ dussayugaṁ ādāya yena [[Bhagavā]] tenupasaṅkami,
Then Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī, having taken a new pair of robes <ref>{{Nolinking|Dussa literally means cloth, but here has the more specialised meaning of robes.}}</ref> approached the Gracious One,
+
Then [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]], having taken a new pair of [[robes]] <ref>{{Nolinking|Dussa literally means cloth, but here has the more specialised meaning of robes.}}</ref> approached the Gracious One,
  
 
upasaṅkamitvā Bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā, ekam-antaṁ nisīdi.
 
upasaṅkamitvā Bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā, ekam-antaṁ nisīdi.
 
and after approaching and worshipping the Gracious One, she sat down on one side.
 
and after approaching and worshipping the Gracious One, she sat down on one side.
  
Ekam-antaṁ nisinnā kho Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
+
Ekam-antaṁ nisinnā kho [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]] Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
While sitting on one side Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī said this to the Gracious One:
+
While sitting on one side [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]] said this to the Gracious One:
  
“Idaṁ me bhante navaṁ dussayugaṁ Bhagavantaṁ uddissa,
+
“Idaṁ me [[bhante]] navaṁ dussayugaṁ Bhagavantaṁ uddissa,
“This new pair of robes, reverend Sir, is for the Gracious One,
+
“This new pair of [[robes]], [[reverend]] Sir, is for the Gracious One,
  
 
sāmaṁ kantaṁ sāmaṁ vāyitaṁ.
 
sāmaṁ kantaṁ sāmaṁ vāyitaṁ.
 
I have cut them myself, I have sewn them myself.
 
I have cut them myself, I have sewn them myself.
  
Taṁ me bhante Bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṁ upādāyā” ti.
+
Taṁ me [[bhante]] [[Bhagavā]] paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṁ upādāyā” ti.
Please accept this from me, reverend Sir, Gracious One, taking compassion (on me).”
+
Please accept this from me, [[reverend]] Sir, Gracious One, taking [[compassion]] (on me).”
  
Evaṁ vutte, Bhagavā Mahāpajāpatiṁ Gotamiṁ etad-avoca:
+
Evaṁ vutte, [[Bhagavā]] Mahāpajāpatiṁ Gotamiṁ etad-avoca:
After that was said, the Gracious One said this to Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī:
+
After that was said, the Gracious One said this to [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]:
  
“Saṅghe Gotami dehi, Saṅghe te dinne ahañ-ceva pūjito bhavissāmi Saṅgho cā” ti.
+
“Saṅghe [[Gotami]] dehi, Saṅghe te dinne ahañ-ceva pūjito bhavissāmi Saṅgho cā” ti.
“Give them to the Community, Gotamī, when you have given them to the Community, you will have offered them to me and the Community.”
+
“Give them to the {{Wiki|Community}}, [[Gotamī]], when you have given them to the {{Wiki|Community}}, you will have [[offered]] them to me and the {{Wiki|Community}}.”
  
Dutiyam-pi kho Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
+
Dutiyam-pi kho [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]] Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
For a second time Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī said this to the Gracious One:
+
For a second time [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]] said this to the Gracious One:
  
“Idaṁ me bhante navaṁ dussayugaṁ Bhagavantaṁ uddissa,
+
“Idaṁ me [[bhante]] navaṁ dussayugaṁ Bhagavantaṁ uddissa,
“This new pair of robes, reverend Sir, is for the Gracious One,
+
“This new pair of [[robes]], [[reverend]] Sir, is for the Gracious One,
  
 
sāmaṁ kantaṁ sāmaṁ vāyitaṁ.
 
sāmaṁ kantaṁ sāmaṁ vāyitaṁ.
 
I have cut them myself, I have sewn them myself.
 
I have cut them myself, I have sewn them myself.
  
Taṁ me bhante Bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṁ upādāyā” ti.
+
Taṁ me [[bhante]] [[Bhagavā]] paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṁ upādāyā” ti.
Please accept this from me, reverend Sir, Gracious One, taking compassion (on me).”
+
Please accept this from me, [[reverend]] Sir, Gracious One, taking [[compassion]] (on me).”
  
Dutiyam-pi kho Bhagavā Mahāpajāpatiṁ Gotamiṁ etad-avoca:
+
Dutiyam-pi kho [[Bhagavā]] Mahāpajāpatiṁ Gotamiṁ etad-avoca:
For a second time the Gracious One said this to Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī:
+
For a second time the Gracious One said this to [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]:
  
“Saṅghe, Gotami, dehi, Saṅghe te dinne ahañ-ceva pūjito bhavissāmi Saṅgho cā” ti.
+
“Saṅghe, [[Gotami]], dehi, Saṅghe te dinne ahañ-ceva pūjito bhavissāmi Saṅgho cā” ti.
“Give them to the Community, Gotamī, when you have given them to the Community, you will have offered them to me and the Community.”
+
“Give them to the {{Wiki|Community}}, [[Gotamī]], when you have given them to the {{Wiki|Community}}, you will have [[offered]] them to me and the {{Wiki|Community}}.”
  
Tatiyam-pi kho Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
+
Tatiyam-pi kho [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]] Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
For a third time Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī said this to the Gracious One:
+
For a third time [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]] said this to the Gracious One:
  
“Idaṁ me bhante navaṁ dussayugaṁ Bhagavantaṁ uddissa,
+
“Idaṁ me [[bhante]] navaṁ dussayugaṁ Bhagavantaṁ uddissa,
“This new pair of robes, reverend Sir, is for the Gracious One,
+
“This new pair of [[robes]], [[reverend]] Sir, is for the Gracious One,
  
 
sāmaṁ kantaṁ sāmaṁ vāyitaṁ.
 
sāmaṁ kantaṁ sāmaṁ vāyitaṁ.
 
I have cut them myself, I have sewn them myself.
 
I have cut them myself, I have sewn them myself.
  
Taṁ me bhante Bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṁ upādāyā” ti.
+
Taṁ me [[bhante]] [[Bhagavā]] paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṁ upādāyā” ti.
Please accept this from me, reverend Sir, Gracious One, taking compassion (on me).”
+
Please accept this from me, [[reverend]] Sir, Gracious One, taking [[compassion]] (on me).”
  
Tatiyam-pi kho Bhagavā Mahāpajāpatiṁ Gotamiṁ etad-avoca:
+
Tatiyam-pi kho [[Bhagavā]] Mahāpajāpatiṁ Gotamiṁ etad-avoca:
For a third time the Gracious One said this to Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī:
+
For a third time the Gracious One said this to [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]:
  
“Saṅghe, Gotami, dehi, Saṅghe te dinne ahañ-ceva pūjito bhavissāmi Saṅgho cā” ti.
+
“Saṅghe, [[Gotami]], dehi, Saṅghe te dinne ahañ-ceva pūjito bhavissāmi Saṅgho cā” ti.
“Give them to the Community, Gotamī, when you have given them to the Community, you will have offered them to me and the Community.”
+
“Give them to the {{Wiki|Community}}, [[Gotamī]], when you have given them to the {{Wiki|Community}}, you will have [[offered]] them to me and the {{Wiki|Community}}.”
 
</poem>
 
</poem>
  
==Ānanda's Intercession==
+
==[[Ānanda's]] Intercession==
  
 
<poem>
 
<poem>
 
Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā Ānando Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
 
Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā Ānando Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
After this was said, venerable Ānanda said this to the Gracious One:
+
After this was said, [[venerable]] [[Ānanda]] said this to the Gracious One:
  
“Paṭiggaṇhātu bhante Bhagavā Mahāpajāpatiyā Gotamiyā navaṁ dussayugaṁ.
+
“Paṭiggaṇhātu [[bhante]] [[Bhagavā]] Mahāpajāpatiyā Gotamiyā navaṁ dussayugaṁ.
“Please accept, reverend Sir, Gracious One, <ref>{{Nolinking|Both bhante and Bhagavā are vocatives used in conjunction (see also the note on vocatives in the section giving the Buddha's reply below).}}</ref> the new pair of robes from Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī.
+
“Please accept, [[reverend]] Sir, Gracious One, <ref>{{Nolinking|Both bhante and Bhagavā are vocatives used in conjunction (see also the note on vocatives in the section giving the Buddha's reply below).}}</ref> the new pair of [[robes]] from [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]].
  
Bahūpakārā <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: Bahukāra, similarly elsewhere.}}</ref> bhante Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī Bhagavato,
+
Bahūpakārā <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: Bahukāra, similarly elsewhere.}}</ref> [[bhante]] [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]] [[Bhagavato]],
Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī, reverend Sir, has been a big help to the Gracious One,
+
[[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]], [[reverend]] Sir, has been a big help to the Gracious One,
  
 
mātucchā āpādikā posikā khīrassa dāyikā.
 
mātucchā āpādikā posikā khīrassa dāyikā.
Line 92: Line 92:
  
 
Bhagavantaṁ Janettiyā kālaṅkatāya <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: kālakatāya.}}</ref> thaññaṁ pāyesi.
 
Bhagavantaṁ Janettiyā kālaṅkatāya <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: kālakatāya.}}</ref> thaññaṁ pāyesi.
When your Mother passed away she suckled the Gracious One with mother's milk. <ref>Ānanda interceded on behalf on his Aunt Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī in a similar way when she requested the going-forth from the Buddha at Nigrodha's Monastery, see the beginning of Bhikkhuṇikkhandhakaṁ, Vinayaṁ Cūḷavaggaṁ 10.</ref>
+
When your Mother passed away she suckled the Gracious One with mother's milk. <ref>[[Ānanda]] interceded on behalf on his Aunt [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]] in a similar way when she requested the going-forth from the [[Buddha]] at [[Nigrodha's]] [[Monastery]], see the beginning of Bhikkhuṇikkhandhakaṁ, Vinayaṁ Cūḷavaggaṁ 10.</ref>
  
Bhagavā pi bhante bahūpakāro Mahāpajāpatiyā Gotamiyā.
+
[[Bhagavā]] pi [[bhante]] bahūpakāro Mahāpajāpatiyā Gotamiyā.
Also the Gracious One, reverend Sir, has been a big help to Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī.
+
Also the Gracious One, [[reverend]] Sir, has been a big help to [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]].
  
Bhagavantaṁ bhante āgamma Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
+
Bhagavantaṁ [[bhante]] āgamma [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]
Because of the Gracious One, reverend Sir, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
+
Because of the Gracious One, [[reverend]] Sir, [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]
  
 
Buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā, Dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā, Saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā.
 
Buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā, Dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā, Saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā.
has gone for refuge to the Buddha, has gone for refuge to the Dhamma, has gone for refuge to the Community.
+
has gone for [[refuge]] to the [[Buddha]], has gone for [[refuge]] to the [[Dhamma]], has gone for [[refuge]] to the {{Wiki|Community}}.
  
Bhagavantaṁ bhante āgamma Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
+
Bhagavantaṁ [[bhante]] āgamma [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]
Because of the Gracious One, reverend Sir, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
+
Because of the Gracious One, [[reverend]] Sir, [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]
  
 
pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā, adinnādānā paṭiviratā, kāmesu micchācārā paṭiviratā,
 
pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā, adinnādānā paṭiviratā, kāmesu micchācārā paṭiviratā,
refrains from killing living creatures, refrains from taking what has not been given, refrains from sexual misconduct,
+
refrains from {{Wiki|killing}} living creatures, refrains from taking what has not been given, refrains from [[sexual misconduct]],
  
musāvādā paṭiviratā, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā.
+
musāvādā paṭiviratā, [[surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā]] paṭiviratā.
refrains from false speech, refrains from liquors, wines, or intoxicants which cause heedlessness.
+
refrains from [[false speech]], refrains from {{Wiki|liquors}}, wines, or [[intoxicants]] which [[cause]] heedlessness.
  
Bhagavantaṁ bhante āgamma Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
+
Bhagavantaṁ [[bhante]] āgamma [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]
Because of the Gracious One, reverend Sir, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
+
Because of the Gracious One, [[reverend]] Sir, [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]
  
 
Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatā, Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgatā,
 
Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatā, Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgatā,
is endowed with perfect confidence in the Buddha, is endowed with perfect confidence in the Dhamma,
+
is endowed with {{Wiki|perfect}} [[confidence]] in the [[Buddha]], is endowed with {{Wiki|perfect}} [[confidence]] in the [[Dhamma]],
  
 
Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgatā, Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgatā.
 
Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgatā, Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgatā.
is endowed with perfect confidence in the Community, is endowed with the virtue that is agreeable to the Ariyas. <ref>These are the Sotāpattiyaṅga, the four things that one who has attained the First Path is endowed with. The virtue that is agreeable to the Ariyas means that she is able to maintain the first five precepts unbroken.</ref>
+
is endowed with {{Wiki|perfect}} [[confidence]] in the {{Wiki|Community}}, is endowed with the [[virtue]] that is agreeable to the [[Ariyas]]. <ref>These are the Sotāpattiyaṅga, the four things that one who has [[attained]] the First [[Path]] is endowed with. The [[virtue]] that is agreeable to the [[Ariyas]] means that she is able to maintain the first [[five precepts]] unbroken.</ref>
  
Bhagavantaṁ bhante āgamma Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
+
Bhagavantaṁ [[bhante]] āgamma [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]
Because of the Gracious One, reverend Sir, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
+
Because of the Gracious One, [[reverend]] Sir, [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]]
  
 
dukkhe nikkaṅkhā, dukkhasamudaye nikkaṅkhā,
 
dukkhe nikkaṅkhā, dukkhasamudaye nikkaṅkhā,
has no doubt about suffering, has no doubt about the arising of suffering,
+
has no [[doubt]] about [[suffering]], has no [[doubt]] about the [[arising]] of [[suffering]],
  
 
dukkhanirodhe nikkaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya nikkaṅkhā.
 
dukkhanirodhe nikkaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya nikkaṅkhā.
has no doubt about the cessation of suffering, has no doubt about the practice leading to the end of suffering.
+
has no [[doubt]] about the [[cessation of suffering]], has no [[doubt]] about the practice leading to the end of [[suffering]].
  
Bhagavā pi bhante bahūpakāro Mahāpajāpatiyā Gotamiyā” ti.
+
[[Bhagavā]] pi [[bhante]] bahūpakāro Mahāpajāpatiyā Gotamiyā” ti.
The Gracious One, reverend Sir, has been a big help to Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī.”
+
The Gracious One, [[reverend]] Sir, has been a big help to [[Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī]].”
 
</poem>
 
</poem>
  
==The Buddha's Reply ==
+
==The [[Buddha's]] Reply ==
  
 
<poem>
 
<poem>
“Evam-etaṁ, Ānanda, evam-etaṁ, Ānanda. <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS omits the repetition.}}</ref>
+
“Evam-etaṁ, [[Ānanda]], evam-etaṁ, [[Ānanda]]. <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS omits the repetition.}}</ref>
“Just so, Ānanda, just so, Ānanda.
+
“Just so, [[Ānanda]], just so, [[Ānanda]].
  
Yaṁ h' Ānanda, puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
+
Yaṁ h' [[Ānanda]], puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
For the person, Ānanda, who because of another person
+
For the [[person]], [[Ānanda]], who because of another [[person]]
  
Buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti, Dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti,
+
Buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ [[gato]] hoti, Dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ [[gato]] hoti,
has gone for refuge to the Buddha, has gone for refuge to the Dhamma,
+
has gone for [[refuge]] to the [[Buddha]], has gone for [[refuge]] to the [[Dhamma]],
  
Saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti,
+
Saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ [[gato]] hoti,
has gone for refuge to the Community,
+
has gone for [[refuge]] to the {{Wiki|Community}},
  
imass' Ānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: supaṭikāraṁ, ChS: suppatikāraṁ, same elsewhere.}}</ref> vadāmi,
+
imass' [[Ānanda]], puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: supaṭikāraṁ, ChS: suppatikāraṁ, same elsewhere.}}</ref> vadāmi,
Ānanda, <ref>{{Nolinking|Note the use of the same vocative twice in this sentence, something which is normally avoided in English, but quite common in Pāḷi.}}</ref> it is not easy for that person to be repaid by the (other) person, I say,
+
[[Ānanda]], <ref>{{Nolinking|Note the use of the same vocative twice in this sentence, something which is normally avoided in English, but quite common in Pāḷi.}}</ref> it is not easy for that [[person]] to be repaid by the (other) [[person]], I say,
  
 
yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
 
yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
that is to say: with worship, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,
+
that is to say: with {{Wiki|worship}}, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,
  
 
cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena. <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ cīvara-, etc, same elsewhere. This is a very long compound, consisting of 47 syllables, that I have had to split over two lines.}}</ref>
 
cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena. <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ cīvara-, etc, same elsewhere. This is a very long compound, consisting of 47 syllables, that I have had to split over two lines.}}</ref>
gifts of robes, alms-food, dwellings, and requisites of medicine for support when sick.
+
gifts of [[robes]], [[alms-food]], {{Wiki|dwellings}}, and requisites of [[medicine]] for support when sick.
  
Yaṁ h' Ānanda, puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
+
Yaṁ h' [[Ānanda]], puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
For the person, Ānanda, who because of another person
+
For the [[person]], [[Ānanda]], who because of another [[person]]
  
 
pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti,
 
pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti,
has refrained from killing living creatures, has refrained from taking what has not been given,
+
has refrained from {{Wiki|killing}} living creatures, has refrained from taking what has not been given,
  
 
kāmesu micchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti,
 
kāmesu micchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti,
has refrained from sexual misconduct, has refrained from false speech,
+
has refrained from [[sexual misconduct]], has refrained from [[false speech]],
  
surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti,
+
[[surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā]] paṭivirato hoti,
has refrained from liquors, wines, or intoxicants which cause heedlessness,
+
has refrained from {{Wiki|liquors}}, wines, or [[intoxicants]] which [[cause]] heedlessness,
  
imass' Ānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ vadāmi,
+
imass' [[Ānanda]], puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ vadāmi,
Ānanda, it is not easy for that person to be repaid by the (other) person, I say,
+
[[Ānanda]], it is not easy for that [[person]] to be repaid by the (other) [[person]], I say,
  
 
yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
 
yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
that is to say: with worship, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,
+
that is to say: with {{Wiki|worship}}, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,
  
 
cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
 
cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
gifts of robes, alms-food, dwellings, and requisites of medicine for support when sick.
+
gifts of [[robes]], [[alms-food]], {{Wiki|dwellings}}, and requisites of [[medicine]] for support when sick.
  
Yaṁ h' Ānanda, puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
+
Yaṁ h' [[Ānanda]], puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
For the person, Ānanda, who because of another person
+
For the [[person]], [[Ānanda]], who because of another [[person]]
  
 
Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti,
 
Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti,
is endowed with perfect confidence in the Buddha,
+
is endowed with {{Wiki|perfect}} [[confidence]] in the [[Buddha]],
  
 
Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti,
 
Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti,
is endowed with perfect confidence in the Dhamma,
+
is endowed with {{Wiki|perfect}} [[confidence]] in the [[Dhamma]],
  
 
Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti,
 
Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti,
is endowed with perfect confidence in the Community,
+
is endowed with {{Wiki|perfect}} [[confidence]] in the {{Wiki|Community}},
  
 
Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti,
 
Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti,
is endowed with the virtue that is agreeable to the Ariyas,
+
is endowed with the [[virtue]] that is agreeable to the [[Ariyas]],
  
imass' Ānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ vadāmi,
+
imass' [[Ānanda]], puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ vadāmi,
Ānanda, it is not easy for that person to be repaid by the (other) person, I say,
+
[[Ānanda]], it is not easy for that [[person]] to be repaid by the (other) [[person]], I say,
  
 
yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
 
yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
that is to say: with worship, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,
+
that is to say: with {{Wiki|worship}}, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,
  
 
cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
 
cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
gifts of robes, alms-food, dwellings, and requisites of medicine for support when sick.
+
gifts of [[robes]], [[alms-food]], {{Wiki|dwellings}}, and requisites of [[medicine]] for support when sick.
  
Yaṁ h' Ānanda, puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
+
Yaṁ h' [[Ānanda]], puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
For the person, Ānanda, who because of another person
+
For the [[person]], [[Ānanda]], who because of another [[person]]
  
 
dukkhe nikkaṅkho hoti, dukkhasamudaye nikkaṅkho hoti,
 
dukkhe nikkaṅkho hoti, dukkhasamudaye nikkaṅkho hoti,
has no doubt about suffering, has no doubt about the arising of suffering,
+
has no [[doubt]] about [[suffering]], has no [[doubt]] about the [[arising]] of [[suffering]],
  
 
dukkhanirodhe nikkaṅkho hoti,
 
dukkhanirodhe nikkaṅkho hoti,
has no doubt about the cessation of suffering,
+
has no [[doubt]] about the [[cessation of suffering]],
  
 
dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya nikkaṅkho hoti,
 
dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya nikkaṅkho hoti,
has no doubt about the practice leading to the end of suffering,
+
has no [[doubt]] about the practice leading to the end of [[suffering]],
  
imass' Ānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ vadāmi,
+
imass' [[Ānanda]], puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ vadāmi,
Ānanda, it is not easy for that person to be repaid by the (other) person, I say,
+
[[Ānanda]], it is not easy for that [[person]] to be repaid by the (other) [[person]], I say,
  
 
yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
 
yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
that is to say: with worship, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,
+
that is to say: with {{Wiki|worship}}, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,
  
 
cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
 
cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
gifts of robes, alms-food, dwellings, and requisites of medicine for support when sick.
+
gifts of [[robes]], [[alms-food]], {{Wiki|dwellings}}, and requisites of [[medicine]] for support when sick.
 
</poem>
 
</poem>
  
==The Fourteen Kinds of Offerings to an Individual ==
+
==The Fourteen Kinds of [[Offerings]] to an {{Wiki|Individual}} ==
  
 
<poem>
 
<poem>
Cuddasa kho panim' Ānanda pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
+
Cuddasa kho panim' [[Ānanda]] pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
There are these fourteen offerings to an individual.
+
There are these fourteen [[offerings]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Katamā cuddasa? <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai omits.}}</ref>
 
Katamā cuddasa? <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai omits.}}</ref>
Line 235: Line 235:
  
 
Tathāgate Arahante Sammāsambuddhe dānaṁ deti,
 
Tathāgate Arahante Sammāsambuddhe dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a Realised One, a Worthy One, a Perfect Sambuddha,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to a Realised One, a [[Worthy]] One, a Perfect Sambuddha,
  
 
ayaṁ paṭhamā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ paṭhamā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the first offering to an individual.
+
this is the first [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Paccekasambuddhe dānaṁ deti,
 
Paccekasambuddhe dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to an Independent Sambuddha, <ref>One of the more difficult terms to render accurately. A Paccekasambuddha is one who has discovered the Four Noble Truths by himself and become Fully Awakened, but who does not establish a Sāsana in the world. Gotama Buddha himself almost became a Paccekasambuddha, when after his Awakening he inclined to inaction because of the difficulty in getting people to understand the Teaching. He was eventually persuaded to teach by Brahmā Sahampati, the highest God in Heaven.</ref>
+
A [[gift]] one gives to an Independent Sambuddha, <ref>One of the more difficult terms to render accurately. A [[Paccekasambuddha]] is one who has discovered the [[Four Noble Truths]] by himself and become [[Fully Awakened]], but who does not establish a [[Sāsana]] in the [[world]]. [[Gotama Buddha]] himself almost became a [[Paccekasambuddha]], when after his [[Awakening]] he inclined to inaction because of the difficulty in getting [[people]] to understand the [[Teaching]]. He was eventually persuaded to teach by [[Brahmā Sahampati]], the [[highest]] [[God]] in [[Heaven]].</ref>
  
ayaṁ dutiyā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
+
ayaṁ [[dutiyā]] pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the second offering to an individual.
+
this is the second [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Tathāgatasāvake Arahante dānaṁ deti,
 
Tathāgatasāvake Arahante dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a Realised One's disciple who is a Worthy One,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to a Realised One's [[disciple]] who is a [[Worthy]] One,
  
 
ayaṁ tatiyā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ tatiyā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the third offering to an individual.
+
this is the third [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
 
Arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Worthiness,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Worthiness,
  
 
ayaṁ catutthī <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: catutthā, also in the next section.}}</ref> pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ catutthī <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: catutthā, also in the next section.}}</ref> pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the fourth offering to an individual.
+
this is the fourth [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Anāgāmissa dānaṁ deti,
 
Anāgāmissa dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a Non-Returner,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to a [[Non-Returner]],
  
 
ayaṁ pañcamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ pañcamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the fifth offering to an individual.
+
this is the fifth [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
 
Anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Non-Returning,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of [[Non-Returning]],
  
ayaṁ chaṭṭhī <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: chaṭṭhā, also in the next section.}}</ref> pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
+
ayaṁ [[chaṭṭhī]] <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: chaṭṭhā, also in the next section.}}</ref> pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the sixth offering to an individual.
+
this is the sixth [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Sakadāgāmissa dānaṁ deti,
 
Sakadāgāmissa dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a Once-Returner,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to a [[Once-Returner]],
  
ayaṁ sattamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
+
ayaṁ [[sattamī]] pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the seventh offering to an individual.
+
this is the seventh [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
 
Sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Once-Returning,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Once-Returning,
  
 
ayaṁ aṭṭhamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ aṭṭhamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the eighth offering to an individual.
+
this is the eighth [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Sotāpanne dānaṁ deti,
 
Sotāpanne dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a Stream-Enterer,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to a [[Stream-Enterer]],
  
 
ayaṁ navamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ navamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the ninth offering to an individual.
+
this is the ninth [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
 
Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Stream-Entry,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of [[Stream-Entry]],
  
 
ayaṁ dasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ dasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the tenth offering to an individual.
+
this is the tenth [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge dānaṁ deti,
 
Bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to an outsider who is without passion for sensual desires, <ref>{{Nolinking|MA: Bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge ti kammavādikiriyavādimhi lokiyapañcābhiññe; to an outsider who is without passion for sensual desires means to one who holds the view of actions and results of actions, and has developed the five mundane deep knowledges.}}</ref>
+
A [[gift]] one gives to an outsider who is without [[passion]] for [[sensual desires]], <ref>{{Nolinking|MA: Bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge ti kammavādikiriyavādimhi lokiyapañcābhiññe; to an outsider who is without passion for sensual desires means to one who holds the view of actions and results of actions, and has developed the five mundane deep knowledges.}}</ref>
  
 
ayaṁ ekādasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ ekādasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the eleventh offering to an individual.
+
this is the eleventh [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Puthujjanasīlavante dānaṁ deti,
 
Puthujjanasīlavante dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a virtuous ordinary person, <ref>{{Nolinking|MA: Puthujjanasīlavante ti puthujjanasīlavā nāmagosīladhātuko hoti, asaṭho amāyāvī paraṁ apīḷetvā dhammena samena kasiyā vā vaṇijjāya vā jīvikaṁ kappetā; to a virtuous ordinary person means to a virtuous ordinary person known to have the nature of suitable virtue, not being crafty or deceitful, not oppressing others; being righteous, peaceful, and earning his living through farming or trading (and so on).}}</ref>
+
A [[gift]] one gives to a [[virtuous]] [[ordinary person]], <ref>{{Nolinking|MA: Puthujjanasīlavante ti puthujjanasīlavā nāmagosīladhātuko hoti, asaṭho amāyāvī paraṁ apīḷetvā dhammena samena kasiyā vā vaṇijjāya vā jīvikaṁ kappetā; to a virtuous ordinary person means to a virtuous ordinary person known to have the nature of suitable virtue, not being crafty or deceitful, not oppressing others; being righteous, peaceful, and earning his living through farming or trading (and so on).}}</ref>
  
 
ayaṁ dvādasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ dvādasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the twelfth offering to an individual.
+
this is the twelfth [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Puthujjanadussīle dānaṁ deti,
 
Puthujjanadussīle dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to an unvirtuous ordinary person, <ref>{{Nolinking|MA: Puthujjanadussīle ti puthujjanadussīlā nāma kevaṭṭamacchabandhādayo paraṁ pīḷāya jīvikaṁ kappetā; to an unvirtuous ordinary person means to an unvirtuous ordinary person known as a fisherman who captures fish and who, through earning his living, does harm to others (and so on).}}</ref>
+
A [[gift]] one gives to an [[unvirtuous]] [[ordinary person]], <ref>{{Nolinking|MA: Puthujjanadussīle ti puthujjanadussīlā nāma kevaṭṭamacchabandhādayo paraṁ pīḷāya jīvikaṁ kappetā; to an unvirtuous ordinary person means to an unvirtuous ordinary person known as a fisherman who captures fish and who, through earning his living, does harm to others (and so on).}}</ref>
  
 
ayaṁ terasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ terasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the thirteenth offering to an individual.
+
this is the thirteenth [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
 
Tiracchānagate dānaṁ deti,
 
Tiracchānagate dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to an animal,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to an [[animal]],
  
 
ayaṁ cuddasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā ti.
 
ayaṁ cuddasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā ti.
this is the fourteenth offering to an individual.
+
this is the fourteenth [[offering]] to an {{Wiki|individual}}.
  
Tatr' Ānanda, tiracchānagate dānaṁ datvā
+
Tatr' [[Ānanda]], tiracchānagate dānaṁ datvā
Here, Ānanda, having given a gift to an animal
+
Here, [[Ānanda]], having given a [[gift]] to an [[animal]]
  
 
sataguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
 
sataguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
a hundred-fold offering is to be expected (in return),
+
a hundred-fold [[offering]] is to be expected (in return),
  
 
puthujjanadussīle dānaṁ datvā
 
puthujjanadussīle dānaṁ datvā
having given a gift to an unvirtuous ordinary person
+
having given a [[gift]] to an [[unvirtuous]] [[ordinary person]]
  
 
sahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
 
sahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
a thousand-fold offering is to be expected (in return),
+
a thousand-fold [[offering]] is to be expected (in return),
  
 
puthujjanasīlavante dānaṁ datvā
 
puthujjanasīlavante dānaṁ datvā
having given a gift to a virtuous ordinary person
+
having given a [[gift]] to a [[virtuous]] [[ordinary person]]
  
 
satasahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
 
satasahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
a hundred-thousand-fold offering is to be expected (in return),
+
a hundred-thousand-fold [[offering]] is to be expected (in return),
  
 
bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge dānaṁ datvā
 
bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge dānaṁ datvā
having given a gift to an outsider who is without passion for sensual desires
+
having given a [[gift]] to an outsider who is without [[passion]] for [[sensual desires]]
  
 
koṭisatasahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
 
koṭisatasahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
a hundred-thousand times a hundred-thousand-fold offering is to be expected (in return),
+
a hundred-thousand times a hundred-thousand-fold [[offering]] is to be expected (in return),
  
 
sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ datvā
 
sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ datvā
having given a gift to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Stream-Entry
+
having given a [[gift]] to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of [[Stream-Entry]]
  
 
asaṅkheyyā appameyyā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā.
 
asaṅkheyyā appameyyā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā.
an immeasurable, unlimited offering is to be expected (in return).
+
an [[immeasurable]], [[unlimited]] [[offering]] is to be expected (in return).
  
 
Ko pana vādo Sotāpanne?
 
Ko pana vādo Sotāpanne?
What to say about a Stream-Enterer?
+
What to say about a [[Stream-Enterer]]?
  
 
Ko pana vādo Sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne?
 
Ko pana vādo Sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne?
Line 355: Line 355:
  
 
Ko pana vādo Sakadāgāmissa?
 
Ko pana vādo Sakadāgāmissa?
What to say about a Once-Returner?
+
What to say about a [[Once-Returner]]?
  
 
Ko pana vādo Anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne?
 
Ko pana vādo Anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne?
What to say about one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Non-Returning?
+
What to say about one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of [[Non-Returning]]?
  
 
Ko pana vādo Anāgāmissa?
 
Ko pana vādo Anāgāmissa?
What to say about a Non-Returner?
+
What to say about a [[Non-Returner]]?
  
 
Ko pana vādo Arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne?
 
Ko pana vādo Arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne?
Line 367: Line 367:
  
 
Ko pana vādo Arahante?
 
Ko pana vādo Arahante?
What to say about a Worthy One?
+
What to say about a [[Worthy]] One?
  
 
Ko pana vādo Paccekasambuddhe?
 
Ko pana vādo Paccekasambuddhe?
Line 373: Line 373:
  
 
Ko pana vādo Tathāgate Arahante Sammāsambuddhe?
 
Ko pana vādo Tathāgate Arahante Sammāsambuddhe?
What to say about a Realised One, a Worthy One, a Perfect Sambuddha?
+
What to say about a Realised One, a [[Worthy]] One, a Perfect Sambuddha?
 
</poem>
 
</poem>
  
==The Seven Kinds of Offerings to a Community ==
+
==The Seven Kinds of [[Offerings]] to a {{Wiki|Community}} ==
  
 
<poem>
 
<poem>
Satta kho panim' Ānanda Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
+
[[Satta]] kho panim' [[Ānanda]] Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
There are these seven offerings to a Community. <ref>{{Nolinking|Saṅghagatā, to those who have the nature of a Community is a more accurate but cumbersome way of saying it.}}</ref>
+
There are these seven [[offerings]] to a {{Wiki|Community}}. <ref>{{Nolinking|Saṅghagatā, to those who have the nature of a Community is a more accurate but cumbersome way of saying it.}}</ref>
  
Katamā satta? <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai omits.}}</ref>
+
Katamā [[satta]]? <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai omits.}}</ref>
 
What seven?
 
What seven?
  
 
Buddhappamukhe ubhatosaṅghe dānaṁ deti,
 
Buddhappamukhe ubhatosaṅghe dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to both Communities, with the Buddha at their head,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to both Communities, with the [[Buddha]] at their head,
  
 
ayaṁ paṭhamā Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ paṭhamā Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the first offering to a Community.
+
this is the first [[offering]] to a {{Wiki|Community}}.
  
 
Tathāgate parinibbute ubhatosaṅghe dānaṁ deti,
 
Tathāgate parinibbute ubhatosaṅghe dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to both Communities, after the Realised One has attained Emancipation,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to both Communities, after the Realised One has [[attained]] {{Wiki|Emancipation}},
  
ayaṁ dutiyā Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
+
ayaṁ [[dutiyā]] Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the second offering to a Community.
+
this is the second [[offering]] to a {{Wiki|Community}}.
  
 
Bhikkhusaṅghe dānaṁ deti,
 
Bhikkhusaṅghe dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to the monks' Community,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to the [[monks]]' {{Wiki|Community}},
  
 
ayaṁ tatiyā Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ tatiyā Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the third offering to a Community.
+
this is the third [[offering]] to a {{Wiki|Community}}.
  
 
Bhikkhuṇisaṅghe <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai, ChS: bhikkhuṇi- here and elsewhere.}}</ref> dānaṁ deti,
 
Bhikkhuṇisaṅghe <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai, ChS: bhikkhuṇi- here and elsewhere.}}</ref> dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to the nuns' Community,
+
A [[gift]] one gives to the [[nuns]]' {{Wiki|Community}},
  
 
ayaṁ catutthī Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ catutthī Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the fourth offering to a Community.
+
this is the fourth [[offering]] to a {{Wiki|Community}}.
  
 
‘Ettakā <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: Ettake, here and below.}}</ref> me bhikkhū ca bhikkhuṇiyo ca Saṅghato uddissathā’ ti dānaṁ deti,
 
‘Ettakā <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: Ettake, here and below.}}</ref> me bhikkhū ca bhikkhuṇiyo ca Saṅghato uddissathā’ ti dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives after saying ‘this many monks and nuns have been nominated from the monks’ and nuns' Community’,
+
A [[gift]] one gives after saying ‘this many [[monks and nuns]] have been nominated from the [[monks]]’ and [[nuns]]' {{Wiki|Community}}’,
  
 
ayaṁ pañcamī Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
 
ayaṁ pañcamī Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the fifth offering to a Community.
+
this is the fifth [[offering]] to a {{Wiki|Community}}.
  
 
‘Ettakā me bhikkhū Saṅghato uddissathā’ ti dānaṁ deti,
 
‘Ettakā me bhikkhū Saṅghato uddissathā’ ti dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives after saying ‘this many monks have been nominated from the monks’ Community’,
+
A [[gift]] one gives after saying ‘this many [[monks]] have been nominated from the [[monks]]’ {{Wiki|Community}}’,
  
ayaṁ chaṭṭhī Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
+
ayaṁ [[chaṭṭhī]] Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the sixth offering to a Community.
+
this is the sixth [[offering]] to a {{Wiki|Community}}.
  
 
‘Ettakā <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: Ettikā.}}</ref> me bhikkhuṇiyo Saṅghato uddissathā’ ti dānaṁ deti,
 
‘Ettakā <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: Ettikā.}}</ref> me bhikkhuṇiyo Saṅghato uddissathā’ ti dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives after saying ‘this many nuns have been nominated from the nuns’ Community’,
+
A [[gift]] one gives after saying ‘this many [[nuns]] have been nominated from the [[nuns]]’ {{Wiki|Community}}’,
  
ayaṁ sattamī Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
+
ayaṁ [[sattamī]] Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the seventh offering to a Community.
+
this is the seventh [[offering]] to a {{Wiki|Community}}.
  
Bhavissanti kho pan' Ānanda anāgatam-addhānaṁ,
+
[[Bhavissanti]] kho pan' [[Ānanda]] anāgatam-addhānaṁ,
There will be in the future, Ānanda,
+
There will be in the {{Wiki|future}}, [[Ānanda]],
  
 
gotrabhuno kāsāvakaṇṭhā dussīlā pāpadhammā.
 
gotrabhuno kāsāvakaṇṭhā dussīlā pāpadhammā.
clansmen with an ochre robe around their necks who are unvirtuous and bad-natured.
+
clansmen with an ochre robe around their necks who are [[unvirtuous]] and bad-natured.
  
 
Tesu dussīlesu Saṅghaṁ uddissa dānaṁ dassanti
 
Tesu dussīlesu Saṅghaṁ uddissa dānaṁ dassanti
But even a gift that is given to those unvirtuous ones because of the Community
+
But even a [[gift]] that is given to those [[unvirtuous]] ones because of the {{Wiki|Community}}
  
tadā pāhaṁ Ānanda Saṅghagataṁ dakkhiṇaṁ asaṅkheyyaṁ appameyyaṁ vadāmi.
+
tadā pāhaṁ [[Ānanda]] Saṅghagataṁ dakkhiṇaṁ asaṅkheyyaṁ appameyyaṁ vadāmi.
at that time, Ānanda, will be an immeasureable, unlimited offering to the Community, I say. <ref>{{Nolinking|This statement needs to read in light of the statement in the next section, where it is explained how gifts can be purified by the giver, even when the receiver is unworthy. It should not be taken as endorsing support for unvirtuous monks and nuns.}}</ref>
+
at that time, [[Ānanda]], will be an immeasureable, [[unlimited]] [[offering]] to the {{Wiki|Community}}, I say. <ref>{{Nolinking|This statement needs to read in light of the statement in the next section, where it is explained how gifts can be purified by the giver, even when the receiver is unworthy. It should not be taken as endorsing support for unvirtuous monks and nuns.}}</ref>
  
Na tvevāhaṁ Ānanda kenaci pariyāyena,
+
Na tvevāhaṁ [[Ānanda]] kenaci pariyāyena,
I certainly in no way, Ānanda,
+
I certainly in no way, [[Ānanda]],
  
Saṅghagatāya dakkhiṇāya pāṭipuggalikaṁ dānaṁ <ref>Thai: pāṭipuggalikadānaṁ.</ref> mahapphalataraṁ vadāmi.
+
Saṅghagatāya dakkhiṇāya pāṭipuggalikaṁ dānaṁ <ref>[[Thai]]: pāṭipuggalikadānaṁ.</ref> mahapphalataraṁ vadāmi.
say that a gift to an individual can have greater fruit than an offering to a Community.
+
say that a [[gift]] to an {{Wiki|individual}} can have greater fruit than an [[offering]] to a {{Wiki|Community}}.
 
</poem>
 
</poem>
  
==The Purification of Offerings=
+
==The [[Purification]] of [[Offerings]]==
  
 
<poem>
 
<poem>
Catasso kho panim' Ānanda <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: kho imā Ānanda.}}</ref> dakkhiṇā visuddhiyo.
+
Catasso kho panim' [[Ānanda]] <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: kho imā Ānanda.}}</ref> dakkhiṇā visuddhiyo.
There are, Ānanda, these four purifications of offerings.
+
There are, [[Ānanda]], these four purifications of [[offerings]].
  
 
Katamā catasso?
 
Katamā catasso?
 
Which four?
 
Which four?
  
Atth' Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato,
+
Atth' [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato,
There is an offering that is purified by the giver, not by the receiver,
+
There is an [[offering]] that is [[purified]] by the giver, not by the receiver,
  
atth' Ānanda dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato,
+
atth' [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato,
there is an offering that is purified by the receiver, not by the giver,
+
there is an [[offering]] that is [[purified]] by the receiver, not by the giver,
  
atth' Ānanda dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato,
+
atth' [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato,
there is an offering that is neither purified by the giver nor by the receiver,
+
there is an [[offering]] that is neither [[purified]] by the giver nor by the receiver,
  
atth' Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca.
+
atth' [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca.
there is an offering that is purified by the giver and by the receiver,
+
there is an [[offering]] that is [[purified]] by the giver and by the receiver,
  
Kathañ-c' Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato?
+
Kathañ-c' [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato?
What, Ānanda, is an offering that is purified by the giver not by the receiver?
+
What, [[Ānanda]], is an [[offering]] that is [[purified]] by the giver not by the receiver?
  
Idh' Ānanda dāyako hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo,
+
Idh' [[Ānanda]] dāyako hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo,
Here, Ānanda, the giver is virtuous and good-natured,
+
Here, [[Ānanda]], the giver is [[virtuous]] and good-natured,
  
 
paṭiggāhakā honti dussīlā pāpadhammā,
 
paṭiggāhakā honti dussīlā pāpadhammā,
and the receivers are unvirtuous and bad-natured, <ref>{{Nolinking|There is an odd asymmetry in the grammar here, in that paṭiggāhakato is singular, but paṭiggāhakā is plural, whereas we would expect them to match.}}</ref>
+
and the receivers are [[unvirtuous]] and bad-natured, <ref>{{Nolinking|There is an odd asymmetry in the grammar here, in that paṭiggāhakato is singular, but paṭiggāhakā is plural, whereas we would expect them to match.}}</ref>
  
evaṁ kho Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato.
+
evaṁ kho [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato.
in this way, Ānanda, the offering is purified by the giver not by the receiver.
+
in this way, [[Ānanda]], the [[offering]] is [[purified]] by the giver not by the receiver.
  
Kathañ-c' Ānanda, dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato?
+
Kathañ-c' [[Ānanda]], dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato?
What, Ānanda, is an offering that is purified by the receiver not by the giver?
+
What, [[Ānanda]], is an [[offering]] that is [[purified]] by the receiver not by the giver?
  
Idh' Ānanda dāyako hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo,
+
Idh' [[Ānanda]] dāyako hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo,
Here, Ānanda, the giver is unvirtuous and bad-natured,
+
Here, [[Ānanda]], the giver is [[unvirtuous]] and bad-natured,
  
 
paṭiggāhakā honti sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā,
 
paṭiggāhakā honti sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā,
and the receivers are virtuous and good-natured,
+
and the receivers are [[virtuous]] and good-natured,
  
evaṁ kho Ānanda dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato.
+
evaṁ kho [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato.
in this way, Ānanda, the offering is purified by the receiver not by the giver.
+
in this way, [[Ānanda]], the [[offering]] is [[purified]] by the receiver not by the giver.
  
Kathañ-c' Ānanda dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato?
+
Kathañ-c' [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato?
What, Ānanda, is an offering that is neither purified by the giver nor by the receiver?
+
What, [[Ānanda]], is an [[offering]] that is neither [[purified]] by the giver nor by the receiver?
  
Idh' Ānanda dāyako ca hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo,
+
Idh' [[Ānanda]] dāyako ca hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo,
Here, Ānanda, the giver is unvirtuous and bad-natured,
+
Here, [[Ānanda]], the giver is [[unvirtuous]] and bad-natured,
  
 
paṭiggāhakā ca honti dussīlā pāpadhammā,
 
paṭiggāhakā ca honti dussīlā pāpadhammā,
and the receivers are unvirtuous and bad-natured,
+
and the receivers are [[unvirtuous]] and bad-natured,
  
evaṁ kho Ānanda dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato.
+
evaṁ kho [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato.
in this way, Ānanda, the offering is purified neither by the giver nor by the receiver.
+
in this way, [[Ānanda]], the [[offering]] is [[purified]] neither by the giver nor by the receiver.
  
Kathañ-c' Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca?
+
Kathañ-c' [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca?
What, Ānanda, is an offering that is purified by the giver and by the receiver?
+
What, [[Ānanda]], is an [[offering]] that is [[purified]] by the giver and by the receiver?
  
Idh' Ānanda dāyako ca hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo,
+
Idh' [[Ānanda]] dāyako ca hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo,
Here, Ānanda, the giver is virtuous and good-natured,
+
Here, [[Ānanda]], the giver is [[virtuous]] and good-natured,
  
 
paṭiggāhakā ca honti sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā
 
paṭiggāhakā ca honti sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā
and the receivers are virtuous and good-natured,
+
and the receivers are [[virtuous]] and good-natured,
  
evaṁ kho Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca.
+
evaṁ kho [[Ānanda]] dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca.
in this way, Ānanda, the offering is purified by the giver and by the receiver.
+
in this way, [[Ānanda]], the [[offering]] is [[purified]] by the giver and by the receiver.
  
Imā kho Ānanda catasso dakkhiṇā visuddhiyo” ti.
+
Imā kho [[Ānanda]] catasso dakkhiṇā visuddhiyo” ti.
These, Ānanda, are these four purifications of offerings.
+
These, [[Ānanda]], are these four purifications of [[offerings]].
 
</poem>
 
</poem>
  
 
==Summary Verse==
 
==Summary Verse==
 +
<poem>
 +
Idam-avoca [[Bhagavā]], idaṁ vatvāna, [[Sugato]] athāparaṁ etad-avoca Satthā:
 +
The Gracious One said this, and after saying this, the [[Fortunate]] One, the [[Teacher]], said something more: <ref>This is the normal way in the [[discourses]] of introducing a verse summary of a prose [[discourse]]. Unfortunately [[translators]] have a [[Wikipedia:Habit (psychology)|habit]] of omitting the verses as they only repeat what has been said before. But a memorial summary serves a very useful function.</ref>
  
Idam-avoca Bhagavā, idaṁ vatvāna, Sugato athāparaṁ etad-avoca Satthā:
+
“Yo sīlavā dussīlesu dadāti dānaṁ, [[dhammena]] laddhaṁ supasannacitto, <ref>{{Nolinking|The metre of these lines is a mixture of Tuṭṭhubha and Jagatī, with the first line in each verse being hypermetrical.}}</ref>
The Gracious One said this, and after saying this, the Fortunate One, the Teacher, said something more: <ref>This is the normal way in the discourses of introducing a verse summary of a prose discourse. Unfortunately translators have a habit of omitting the verses as they only repeat what has been said before. But a memorial summary serves a very useful function.</ref>
+
“That [[virtuous]] [[person]] who, with a [[mind]] full of [[confidence]], gives a [[gift]] that has been righteously obtained to [[unvirtuous]] [[people]],
 
 
“Yo sīlavā dussīlesu dadāti dānaṁ, dhammena laddhaṁ supasannacitto, <ref>{{Nolinking|The metre of these lines is a mixture of Tuṭṭhubha and Jagatī, with the first line in each verse being hypermetrical.}}</ref>
 
“That virtuous person who, with a mind full of confidence, gives a gift that has been righteously obtained to unvirtuous people,
 
  
 
abhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, sā dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati.
 
abhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, sā dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati.
who has great faith in actions and their results, that gift will be purified by the giver. <ref>{{Nolinking|The translation of these verses in The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha is rather looser than usual.}}</ref>
+
who has great [[faith]] in [[actions]] and their results, that [[gift]] will be [[purified]] by the giver. <ref>{{Nolinking|The translation of these verses in The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha is rather looser than usual.}}</ref>
  
 
Yo dussīlo sīlavantesu dadāti dānaṁ, adhammena laddhaṁ appasannacitto,
 
Yo dussīlo sīlavantesu dadāti dānaṁ, adhammena laddhaṁ appasannacitto,
That unvirtuous person who, with a mind lacking in confidence, gives a gift that has been unrighteously obtained to virtuous people,
+
That [[unvirtuous]] [[person]] who, with a [[mind]] lacking in [[confidence]], gives a [[gift]] that has been unrighteously obtained to [[virtuous]] [[people]],
  
 
anabhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, sā dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati.
 
anabhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, sā dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati.
who does not have great faith in actions and their results, that gift will be purified by the receiver.
+
who does not have great [[faith]] in [[actions]] and their results, that [[gift]] will be [[purified]] by the receiver.
  
 
Yo dussīlo dussīlesu dadāti dānaṁ, adhammena laddhaṁ appasannacitto,
 
Yo dussīlo dussīlesu dadāti dānaṁ, adhammena laddhaṁ appasannacitto,
That unvirtuous person who, with a mind lacking in confidence, gives a gift that has been unrighteously obtained to unvirtuous people,
+
That [[unvirtuous]] [[person]] who, with a [[mind]] lacking in [[confidence]], gives a [[gift]] that has been unrighteously obtained to [[unvirtuous]] [[people]],
  
 
anabhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, na taṁ dānaṁ vipulapphalan-ti <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: vipulaphalan-ti, similarly below.}}</ref> brūmi.
 
anabhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, na taṁ dānaṁ vipulapphalan-ti <ref>{{Nolinking|Thai: vipulaphalan-ti, similarly below.}}</ref> brūmi.
who does not have great faith in actions and their results, that gift will not bring an extensive reward I say.
+
who does not have great [[faith]] in [[actions]] and their results, that [[gift]] will not bring an extensive reward I say.
  
Yo sīlavā sīlavantesu dadāti dānaṁ, dhammena laddhaṁ supasannacitto,
+
Yo sīlavā sīlavantesu dadāti dānaṁ, [[dhammena]] laddhaṁ supasannacitto,
That virtuous person who, with a mind full of confidence, gives a gift that has been righteously obtained to virtuous people,
+
That [[virtuous]] [[person]] who, with a [[mind]] full of [[confidence]], gives a [[gift]] that has been righteously obtained to [[virtuous]] [[people]],
  
 
abhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, taṁ ve dānaṁ vipulapphalan-ti brūmi.
 
abhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, taṁ ve dānaṁ vipulapphalan-ti brūmi.
who has great faith in actions and their results, that gift will bring an extensive reward I say.
+
who has great [[faith]] in [[actions]] and their results, that [[gift]] will bring an extensive reward I say.
  
Yo vītarāgo vītarāgesu dadāti dānaṁ, dhammena laddhaṁ supasannacitto,
+
Yo vītarāgo vītarāgesu dadāti dānaṁ, [[dhammena]] laddhaṁ supasannacitto,
That passionless person who, with a mind full of confidence, gives a gift that has been righteously obtained to passionless people,
+
That {{Wiki|passionless}} [[person]] who, with a [[mind]] full of [[confidence]], gives a [[gift]] that has been righteously obtained to {{Wiki|passionless}} [[people]],
  
 
abhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, taṁ ve dānaṁ āmisadānānam-aggan”-ti.
 
abhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, taṁ ve dānaṁ āmisadānānam-aggan”-ti.
who has great faith in actions and their results, that gift is the highest of worldly gifts.”
+
who has great [[faith]] in [[actions]] and their results, that [[gift]] is the [[highest]] of [[worldly]] gifts.”
 
</poem>
 
</poem>
  

Latest revision as of 15:23, 17 May 2015

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Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅgasuttaṁ (MN 142)
The Discourse giving the Analysis of Offerings
Edited & Translated by
Ānandajoti Bhikkhu

The Setting

Evaṁ me [1] sutaṁ:
Thus I heard:

ekaṁ samayaṁ Bhagavā Sakkesu viharati Kapilavatthusmiṁ Nigrodhārāme.
at one time the Gracious One was dwelling amongst the Sakyas, near to Kapilavatthu, in Nigrodha's Monastery. [2]

Atha kho Mahāpajāpatī [3] Gotamī navaṁ dussayugaṁ ādāya yena Bhagavā tenupasaṅkami,
Then Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī, having taken a new pair of robes [4] approached the Gracious One,

upasaṅkamitvā Bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā, ekam-antaṁ nisīdi.
and after approaching and worshipping the Gracious One, she sat down on one side.

Ekam-antaṁ nisinnā kho Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
While sitting on one side Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī said this to the Gracious One:

“Idaṁ me bhante navaṁ dussayugaṁ Bhagavantaṁ uddissa,
“This new pair of robes, reverend Sir, is for the Gracious One,

sāmaṁ kantaṁ sāmaṁ vāyitaṁ.
I have cut them myself, I have sewn them myself.

Taṁ me bhante Bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṁ upādāyā” ti.
Please accept this from me, reverend Sir, Gracious One, taking compassion (on me).”

Evaṁ vutte, Bhagavā Mahāpajāpatiṁ Gotamiṁ etad-avoca:
After that was said, the Gracious One said this to Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī:

“Saṅghe Gotami dehi, Saṅghe te dinne ahañ-ceva pūjito bhavissāmi Saṅgho cā” ti.
“Give them to the Community, Gotamī, when you have given them to the Community, you will have offered them to me and the Community.”

Dutiyam-pi kho Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
For a second time Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī said this to the Gracious One:

“Idaṁ me bhante navaṁ dussayugaṁ Bhagavantaṁ uddissa,
“This new pair of robes, reverend Sir, is for the Gracious One,

sāmaṁ kantaṁ sāmaṁ vāyitaṁ.
I have cut them myself, I have sewn them myself.

Taṁ me bhante Bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṁ upādāyā” ti.
Please accept this from me, reverend Sir, Gracious One, taking compassion (on me).”

Dutiyam-pi kho Bhagavā Mahāpajāpatiṁ Gotamiṁ etad-avoca:
For a second time the Gracious One said this to Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī:

“Saṅghe, Gotami, dehi, Saṅghe te dinne ahañ-ceva pūjito bhavissāmi Saṅgho cā” ti.
“Give them to the Community, Gotamī, when you have given them to the Community, you will have offered them to me and the Community.”

Tatiyam-pi kho Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
For a third time Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī said this to the Gracious One:

“Idaṁ me bhante navaṁ dussayugaṁ Bhagavantaṁ uddissa,
“This new pair of robes, reverend Sir, is for the Gracious One,

sāmaṁ kantaṁ sāmaṁ vāyitaṁ.
I have cut them myself, I have sewn them myself.

Taṁ me bhante Bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṁ upādāyā” ti.
Please accept this from me, reverend Sir, Gracious One, taking compassion (on me).”

Tatiyam-pi kho Bhagavā Mahāpajāpatiṁ Gotamiṁ etad-avoca:
For a third time the Gracious One said this to Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī:

“Saṅghe, Gotami, dehi, Saṅghe te dinne ahañ-ceva pūjito bhavissāmi Saṅgho cā” ti.
“Give them to the Community, Gotamī, when you have given them to the Community, you will have offered them to me and the Community.”

Ānanda's Intercession

Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā Ānando Bhagavantaṁ etad-avoca:
After this was said, venerable Ānanda said this to the Gracious One:

“Paṭiggaṇhātu bhante Bhagavā Mahāpajāpatiyā Gotamiyā navaṁ dussayugaṁ.
“Please accept, reverend Sir, Gracious One, [5] the new pair of robes from Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī.

Bahūpakārā [6] bhante Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī Bhagavato,
Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī, reverend Sir, has been a big help to the Gracious One,

mātucchā āpādikā posikā khīrassa dāyikā.
as Mother's Sister, foster-mother, step-mother, wet-nurse.

Bhagavantaṁ Janettiyā kālaṅkatāya [7] thaññaṁ pāyesi.
When your Mother passed away she suckled the Gracious One with mother's milk. [8]

Bhagavā pi bhante bahūpakāro Mahāpajāpatiyā Gotamiyā.
Also the Gracious One, reverend Sir, has been a big help to Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī.

Bhagavantaṁ bhante āgamma Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
Because of the Gracious One, reverend Sir, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī

Buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā, Dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā, Saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gatā.
has gone for refuge to the Buddha, has gone for refuge to the Dhamma, has gone for refuge to the Community.

Bhagavantaṁ bhante āgamma Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
Because of the Gracious One, reverend Sir, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī

pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā, adinnādānā paṭiviratā, kāmesu micchācārā paṭiviratā,
refrains from killing living creatures, refrains from taking what has not been given, refrains from sexual misconduct,

musāvādā paṭiviratā, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā.
refrains from false speech, refrains from liquors, wines, or intoxicants which cause heedlessness.

Bhagavantaṁ bhante āgamma Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
Because of the Gracious One, reverend Sir, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī

Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatā, Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgatā,
is endowed with perfect confidence in the Buddha, is endowed with perfect confidence in the Dhamma,

Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgatā, Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgatā.
is endowed with perfect confidence in the Community, is endowed with the virtue that is agreeable to the Ariyas. [9]

Bhagavantaṁ bhante āgamma Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī
Because of the Gracious One, reverend Sir, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī

dukkhe nikkaṅkhā, dukkhasamudaye nikkaṅkhā,
has no doubt about suffering, has no doubt about the arising of suffering,

dukkhanirodhe nikkaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya nikkaṅkhā.
has no doubt about the cessation of suffering, has no doubt about the practice leading to the end of suffering.

Bhagavā pi bhante bahūpakāro Mahāpajāpatiyā Gotamiyā” ti.
The Gracious One, reverend Sir, has been a big help to Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī.”

The Buddha's Reply

“Evam-etaṁ, Ānanda, evam-etaṁ, Ānanda. [10]
“Just so, Ānanda, just so, Ānanda.

Yaṁ h' Ānanda, puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
For the person, Ānanda, who because of another person

Buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti, Dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti,
has gone for refuge to the Buddha, has gone for refuge to the Dhamma,

Saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti,
has gone for refuge to the Community,

imass' Ānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ [11] vadāmi,
Ānanda, [12] it is not easy for that person to be repaid by the (other) person, I say,

yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
that is to say: with worship, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,

cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena. [13]
gifts of robes, alms-food, dwellings, and requisites of medicine for support when sick.

Yaṁ h' Ānanda, puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
For the person, Ānanda, who because of another person

pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti,
has refrained from killing living creatures, has refrained from taking what has not been given,

kāmesu micchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti,
has refrained from sexual misconduct, has refrained from false speech,

surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti,
has refrained from liquors, wines, or intoxicants which cause heedlessness,

imass' Ānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ vadāmi,
Ānanda, it is not easy for that person to be repaid by the (other) person, I say,

yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
that is to say: with worship, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,

cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
gifts of robes, alms-food, dwellings, and requisites of medicine for support when sick.

Yaṁ h' Ānanda, puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
For the person, Ānanda, who because of another person

Buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti,
is endowed with perfect confidence in the Buddha,

Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti,
is endowed with perfect confidence in the Dhamma,

Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti,
is endowed with perfect confidence in the Community,

Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti,
is endowed with the virtue that is agreeable to the Ariyas,

imass' Ānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ vadāmi,
Ānanda, it is not easy for that person to be repaid by the (other) person, I say,

yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
that is to say: with worship, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,

cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
gifts of robes, alms-food, dwellings, and requisites of medicine for support when sick.

Yaṁ h' Ānanda, puggalo puggalaṁ āgamma
For the person, Ānanda, who because of another person

dukkhe nikkaṅkho hoti, dukkhasamudaye nikkaṅkho hoti,
has no doubt about suffering, has no doubt about the arising of suffering,

dukkhanirodhe nikkaṅkho hoti,
has no doubt about the cessation of suffering,

dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya nikkaṅkho hoti,
has no doubt about the practice leading to the end of suffering,

imass' Ānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppaṭikāraṁ vadāmi,
Ānanda, it is not easy for that person to be repaid by the (other) person, I say,

yad-idaṁ: abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānāñjalikammasāmīcikamma-
that is to say: with worship, rising from one's seat, reverential salutation, homage,

cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
gifts of robes, alms-food, dwellings, and requisites of medicine for support when sick.

The Fourteen Kinds of Offerings to an Individual

Cuddasa kho panim' Ānanda pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
There are these fourteen offerings to an individual.

Katamā cuddasa? [14]
What fourteen?

Tathāgate Arahante Sammāsambuddhe dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a Realised One, a Worthy One, a Perfect Sambuddha,

ayaṁ paṭhamā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the first offering to an individual.

Paccekasambuddhe dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to an Independent Sambuddha, [15]

ayaṁ dutiyā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the second offering to an individual.

Tathāgatasāvake Arahante dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a Realised One's disciple who is a Worthy One,

ayaṁ tatiyā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the third offering to an individual.

Arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Worthiness,

ayaṁ catutthī [16] pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the fourth offering to an individual.

Anāgāmissa dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a Non-Returner,

ayaṁ pañcamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the fifth offering to an individual.

Anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Non-Returning,

ayaṁ chaṭṭhī [17] pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the sixth offering to an individual.

Sakadāgāmissa dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a Once-Returner,

ayaṁ sattamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the seventh offering to an individual.

Sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Once-Returning,

ayaṁ aṭṭhamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the eighth offering to an individual.

Sotāpanne dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a Stream-Enterer,

ayaṁ navamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the ninth offering to an individual.

Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Stream-Entry,

ayaṁ dasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the tenth offering to an individual.

Bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to an outsider who is without passion for sensual desires, [18]

ayaṁ ekādasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the eleventh offering to an individual.

Puthujjanasīlavante dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to a virtuous ordinary person, [19]

ayaṁ dvādasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the twelfth offering to an individual.

Puthujjanadussīle dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to an unvirtuous ordinary person, [20]

ayaṁ terasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā.
this is the thirteenth offering to an individual.

Tiracchānagate dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to an animal,

ayaṁ cuddasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā ti.
this is the fourteenth offering to an individual.

Tatr' Ānanda, tiracchānagate dānaṁ datvā
Here, Ānanda, having given a gift to an animal

sataguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
a hundred-fold offering is to be expected (in return),

puthujjanadussīle dānaṁ datvā
having given a gift to an unvirtuous ordinary person

sahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
a thousand-fold offering is to be expected (in return),

puthujjanasīlavante dānaṁ datvā
having given a gift to a virtuous ordinary person

satasahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
a hundred-thousand-fold offering is to be expected (in return),

bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge dānaṁ datvā
having given a gift to an outsider who is without passion for sensual desires

koṭisatasahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā,
a hundred-thousand times a hundred-thousand-fold offering is to be expected (in return),

sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṁ datvā
having given a gift to one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Stream-Entry

asaṅkheyyā appameyyā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā.
an immeasurable, unlimited offering is to be expected (in return).

Ko pana vādo Sotāpanne?
What to say about a Stream-Enterer?

Ko pana vādo Sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne?
What to say about one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Once-Returning?

Ko pana vādo Sakadāgāmissa?
What to say about a Once-Returner?

Ko pana vādo Anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne?
What to say about one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Non-Returning?

Ko pana vādo Anāgāmissa?
What to say about a Non-Returner?

Ko pana vādo Arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne?
What to say about one who has entered upon the way to experiencing the fruit of Worthiness?

Ko pana vādo Arahante?
What to say about a Worthy One?

Ko pana vādo Paccekasambuddhe?
What to say about an Independent Sambuddha?

Ko pana vādo Tathāgate Arahante Sammāsambuddhe?
What to say about a Realised One, a Worthy One, a Perfect Sambuddha?

The Seven Kinds of Offerings to a Community

Satta kho panim' Ānanda Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
There are these seven offerings to a Community. [21]

Katamā satta? [22]
What seven?

Buddhappamukhe ubhatosaṅghe dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to both Communities, with the Buddha at their head,

ayaṁ paṭhamā Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the first offering to a Community.

Tathāgate parinibbute ubhatosaṅghe dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to both Communities, after the Realised One has attained Emancipation,

ayaṁ dutiyā Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the second offering to a Community.

Bhikkhusaṅghe dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to the monks' Community,

ayaṁ tatiyā Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the third offering to a Community.

Bhikkhuṇisaṅghe [23] dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives to the nuns' Community,

ayaṁ catutthī Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the fourth offering to a Community.

‘Ettakā [24] me bhikkhū ca bhikkhuṇiyo ca Saṅghato uddissathā’ ti dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives after saying ‘this many monks and nuns have been nominated from the monks’ and nuns' Community’,

ayaṁ pañcamī Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the fifth offering to a Community.

‘Ettakā me bhikkhū Saṅghato uddissathā’ ti dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives after saying ‘this many monks have been nominated from the monksCommunity’,

ayaṁ chaṭṭhī Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the sixth offering to a Community.

‘Ettakā [25] me bhikkhuṇiyo Saṅghato uddissathā’ ti dānaṁ deti,
A gift one gives after saying ‘this many nuns have been nominated from the nunsCommunity’,

ayaṁ sattamī Saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
this is the seventh offering to a Community.

Bhavissanti kho pan' Ānanda anāgatam-addhānaṁ,
There will be in the future, Ānanda,

gotrabhuno kāsāvakaṇṭhā dussīlā pāpadhammā.
clansmen with an ochre robe around their necks who are unvirtuous and bad-natured.

Tesu dussīlesu Saṅghaṁ uddissa dānaṁ dassanti
But even a gift that is given to those unvirtuous ones because of the Community

tadā pāhaṁ Ānanda Saṅghagataṁ dakkhiṇaṁ asaṅkheyyaṁ appameyyaṁ vadāmi.
at that time, Ānanda, will be an immeasureable, unlimited offering to the Community, I say. [26]

Na tvevāhaṁ Ānanda kenaci pariyāyena,
I certainly in no way, Ānanda,

Saṅghagatāya dakkhiṇāya pāṭipuggalikaṁ dānaṁ [27] mahapphalataraṁ vadāmi.
say that a gift to an individual can have greater fruit than an offering to a Community.

The Purification of Offerings

Catasso kho panim' Ānanda [28] dakkhiṇā visuddhiyo.
There are, Ānanda, these four purifications of offerings.

Katamā catasso?
Which four?

Atth' Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato,
There is an offering that is purified by the giver, not by the receiver,

atth' Ānanda dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato,
there is an offering that is purified by the receiver, not by the giver,

atth' Ānanda dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato,
there is an offering that is neither purified by the giver nor by the receiver,

atth' Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca.
there is an offering that is purified by the giver and by the receiver,

Kathañ-c' Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato?
What, Ānanda, is an offering that is purified by the giver not by the receiver?

Idh' Ānanda dāyako hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo,
Here, Ānanda, the giver is virtuous and good-natured,

paṭiggāhakā honti dussīlā pāpadhammā,
and the receivers are unvirtuous and bad-natured, [29]

evaṁ kho Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato.
in this way, Ānanda, the offering is purified by the giver not by the receiver.

Kathañ-c' Ānanda, dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato?
What, Ānanda, is an offering that is purified by the receiver not by the giver?

Idh' Ānanda dāyako hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo,
Here, Ānanda, the giver is unvirtuous and bad-natured,

paṭiggāhakā honti sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā,
and the receivers are virtuous and good-natured,

evaṁ kho Ānanda dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato.
in this way, Ānanda, the offering is purified by the receiver not by the giver.

Kathañ-c' Ānanda dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato?
What, Ānanda, is an offering that is neither purified by the giver nor by the receiver?

Idh' Ānanda dāyako ca hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo,
Here, Ānanda, the giver is unvirtuous and bad-natured,

paṭiggāhakā ca honti dussīlā pāpadhammā,
and the receivers are unvirtuous and bad-natured,

evaṁ kho Ānanda dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato.
in this way, Ānanda, the offering is purified neither by the giver nor by the receiver.

Kathañ-c' Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca?
What, Ānanda, is an offering that is purified by the giver and by the receiver?

Idh' Ānanda dāyako ca hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo,
Here, Ānanda, the giver is virtuous and good-natured,

paṭiggāhakā ca honti sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā
and the receivers are virtuous and good-natured,

evaṁ kho Ānanda dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca.
in this way, Ānanda, the offering is purified by the giver and by the receiver.

Imā kho Ānanda catasso dakkhiṇā visuddhiyo” ti.
These, Ānanda, are these four purifications of offerings.

Summary Verse

Idam-avoca Bhagavā, idaṁ vatvāna, Sugato athāparaṁ etad-avoca Satthā:
The Gracious One said this, and after saying this, the Fortunate One, the Teacher, said something more: [30]

“Yo sīlavā dussīlesu dadāti dānaṁ, dhammena laddhaṁ supasannacitto, [31]
“That virtuous person who, with a mind full of confidence, gives a gift that has been righteously obtained to unvirtuous people,

abhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, sā dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati.
who has great faith in actions and their results, that gift will be purified by the giver. [32]

Yo dussīlo sīlavantesu dadāti dānaṁ, adhammena laddhaṁ appasannacitto,
That unvirtuous person who, with a mind lacking in confidence, gives a gift that has been unrighteously obtained to virtuous people,

anabhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, sā dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati.
who does not have great faith in actions and their results, that gift will be purified by the receiver.

Yo dussīlo dussīlesu dadāti dānaṁ, adhammena laddhaṁ appasannacitto,
That unvirtuous person who, with a mind lacking in confidence, gives a gift that has been unrighteously obtained to unvirtuous people,

anabhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, na taṁ dānaṁ vipulapphalan-ti [33] brūmi.
who does not have great faith in actions and their results, that gift will not bring an extensive reward I say.

Yo sīlavā sīlavantesu dadāti dānaṁ, dhammena laddhaṁ supasannacitto,
That virtuous person who, with a mind full of confidence, gives a gift that has been righteously obtained to virtuous people,

abhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, taṁ ve dānaṁ vipulapphalan-ti brūmi.
who has great faith in actions and their results, that gift will bring an extensive reward I say.

Yo vītarāgo vītarāgesu dadāti dānaṁ, dhammena laddhaṁ supasannacitto,
That passionless person who, with a mind full of confidence, gives a gift that has been righteously obtained to passionless people,

abhisaddahaṁ kammaphalaṁ uḷāraṁ, taṁ ve dānaṁ āmisadānānam-aggan”-ti.
who has great faith in actions and their results, that gift is the highest of worldly gifts.”

Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅgasuttaṁ Niṭṭhitaṁ
The Discourse giving the Analysis of Offerings is Finished


Footnotes

  1. Thai: Evam-me.
  2. Kapilavatthu was the Buddha's home town. Nigrodha was a Sakyan who donated this park to the Saṅgha. The Buddha performed the Double Miracle (Yamakapāṭihāriya) there on his first visit to his home town after the Awakening. It was also the place where Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī first requested the foundation of the Bhikkhuṇī order. Later the Buddha would relate the Vessantarajātaka while living there (source DPPN).
  3. ChS: Mahāpajāpati, and similarly throughout.
  4. Dussa literally means cloth, but here has the more specialised meaning of robes.
  5. Both bhante and Bhagavā are vocatives used in conjunction (see also the note on vocatives in the section giving the Buddha's reply below).
  6. Thai: Bahukāra, similarly elsewhere.
  7. Thai: kālakatāya.
  8. Ānanda interceded on behalf on his Aunt Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī in a similar way when she requested the going-forth from the Buddha at Nigrodha's Monastery, see the beginning of Bhikkhuṇikkhandhakaṁ, Vinayaṁ Cūḷavaggaṁ 10.
  9. These are the Sotāpattiyaṅga, the four things that one who has attained the First Path is endowed with. The virtue that is agreeable to the Ariyas means that she is able to maintain the first five precepts unbroken.
  10. ChS omits the repetition.
  11. Thai: supaṭikāraṁ, ChS: suppatikāraṁ, same elsewhere.
  12. Note the use of the same vocative twice in this sentence, something which is normally avoided in English, but quite common in Pāḷi.
  13. Thai: abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ cīvara-, etc, same elsewhere. This is a very long compound, consisting of 47 syllables, that I have had to split over two lines.
  14. Thai omits.
  15. One of the more difficult terms to render accurately. A Paccekasambuddha is one who has discovered the Four Noble Truths by himself and become Fully Awakened, but who does not establish a Sāsana in the world. Gotama Buddha himself almost became a Paccekasambuddha, when after his Awakening he inclined to inaction because of the difficulty in getting people to understand the Teaching. He was eventually persuaded to teach by Brahmā Sahampati, the highest God in Heaven.
  16. Thai: catutthā, also in the next section.
  17. Thai: chaṭṭhā, also in the next section.
  18. MA: Bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge ti kammavādikiriyavādimhi lokiyapañcābhiññe; to an outsider who is without passion for sensual desires means to one who holds the view of actions and results of actions, and has developed the five mundane deep knowledges.
  19. MA: Puthujjanasīlavante ti puthujjanasīlavā nāmagosīladhātuko hoti, asaṭho amāyāvī paraṁ apīḷetvā dhammena samena kasiyā vā vaṇijjāya vā jīvikaṁ kappetā; to a virtuous ordinary person means to a virtuous ordinary person known to have the nature of suitable virtue, not being crafty or deceitful, not oppressing others; being righteous, peaceful, and earning his living through farming or trading (and so on).
  20. MA: Puthujjanadussīle ti puthujjanadussīlā nāma kevaṭṭamacchabandhādayo paraṁ pīḷāya jīvikaṁ kappetā; to an unvirtuous ordinary person means to an unvirtuous ordinary person known as a fisherman who captures fish and who, through earning his living, does harm to others (and so on).
  21. Saṅghagatā, to those who have the nature of a Community is a more accurate but cumbersome way of saying it.
  22. Thai omits.
  23. Thai, ChS: bhikkhuṇi- here and elsewhere.
  24. Thai: Ettake, here and below.
  25. Thai: Ettikā.
  26. This statement needs to read in light of the statement in the next section, where it is explained how gifts can be purified by the giver, even when the receiver is unworthy. It should not be taken as endorsing support for unvirtuous monks and nuns.
  27. Thai: pāṭipuggalikadānaṁ.
  28. ChS: kho imā Ānanda.
  29. There is an odd asymmetry in the grammar here, in that paṭiggāhakato is singular, but paṭiggāhakā is plural, whereas we would expect them to match.
  30. This is the normal way in the discourses of introducing a verse summary of a prose discourse. Unfortunately translators have a habit of omitting the verses as they only repeat what has been said before. But a memorial summary serves a very useful function.
  31. The metre of these lines is a mixture of Tuṭṭhubha and Jagatī, with the first line in each verse being hypermetrical.
  32. The translation of these verses in The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha is rather looser than usual.
  33. Thai: vipulaphalan-ti, similarly below.

Source

dhammatalks.net