Difference between revisions of "Bhava"
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| − | The term bhāva (Skt. भाव, status of being, a subjective becoming, states of | + | The term '''[[bhāva]]''' (Skt. [[भाव]], [[status of being]], a [[subjective]] becoming, [[states of Mind]], from भू [[bhū]], to become) is often translated as [[Feeling]], [[emotion]], [[mood]], devotional state of [[Mind]]. [[Bhava]]: [[Existence]] |
| − | + | [[Bhava]]: Becoming. | |
| − | In | + | States of [[being]] that develop first in the [[Mind]] and can then be [[experienced]] as internal [[worlds]] and/or as [[worlds]] on an external level. |
| + | There are three levels of becoming: on the [[sensual level]], the [[level of Form]], and the [[level of formlessness]]. | ||
| + | In [[Buddhist]] [[Thought]], [[bhāva]] denotes the continuity of [[Life]] and [[Death]], including [[Reincarnation]], and the {{Wiki|maturation}} [[arising]] therefrom. In the [[Bhakti]] [[traditions]], [[bhāva]] denotes the [[mood of ecstasy]], [[self-surrender]], and [[channeling]] of [[emotional]] energies that is induced by the {{Wiki|maturation}} of [[devotion]] to one's [[ishtadeva]] ([[object of devotion]]). | ||
| + | [[File:Bhava-chakra.jpg|thumb|250px|]] | ||
| + | ==In [[Buddhism]]== | ||
| − | + | In [[Buddhism]], [[bhāva]] is the continuity of [[Life]] and [[Death]], [[conditioned]] upon "[[grasping]]" ([[Upādāna]]), the [[desire]] for further [[Life]] and [[sensation]]. This [[bhāva]] is the [[condition]] for the [[arising]] of [[living beings]] in particular [[forms]], through the process of [[birth]] ([[Jāti]]). | |
| − | + | [[Bhāva]] is listed as the tenth of the [[Twelve Nidānas]], the links in the cycle of [[Pratītyasamutpāda]] or [[Dependent origination]]. | |
| − | |||
| − | + | In the [[Jātakas]], in which The [[Buddha]] didactically reminds various followers of [[experiences]] they shared with him in a {{Wiki|past}} [[Life]], the hearers are said not to remember them due to [[bhāva]], i.e. to having been [[reborn]]. | |
| + | ==In [[Bhakti]] [[traditions]]== | ||
| − | Swami Sivananda | + | {{Wiki|Swami Sivananda}} stated that [[bhava]] means [[Mental]] [[attitude]] or [[Mental]] disposition. He explains [[bhava]] as an "[[internal Feeling]]". For the [[bhakta]] ([[भक्त]], {{Wiki|devotee}}), [[bhāva]] is the [[fruit of devotion]] to one's [[ishtadeva]], which culminates in [[bhāvasamādhi]] In {{Wiki|bhaktiyoga}} ([[work of devotion]]), "[[bhāva]] is neither controlled nor suppressed, but is [[transformed]] into [[devotion]] and channelled to the [[Lord]]." This channeling may be pursued by means of devotional practices found to evoke and develop [[bhāva]]. Such devotional practices are not themselves [[essential]]: how and whether to practice them is [[Thought]] to depend on the {{Wiki|temperament}} of the [[bhakta]]. |
| − | + | {{Wiki|Swami Sivananda}} identified three kinds of [[bhava]] - [[sattvic]], [[rajasic]] and [[tamasic]]. Which predominates in a [[person]] depends on their own [[nature]], but [[sattvic bhava]] is "[[Divine bhava]]" or [[pure bhava]] ([[Suddha bhava]]). This [[bhava]] can be developed by proper practice just like any other {{Wiki|faculty}} of the [[Mind]] like will [[Power]] or [[memory]]. | |
| − | + | {{Wiki|Shiva Rudra Balayogi}} explains that there are three stages of [[bhava]]. Where there is [[violent]] {{Wiki|movement}} or a state of [[Mind]] lacking [[peace]] generally it is to be considered the [[lowest Form of bhava]] - [[bhava udreka]]. Higher than that is [[bhava unmathatta]] which is like the "[[intoxication]] or [[ecstasy]]" but does not involve any [[violent]] movements. [[Bhava Samadhi]] is the [[highest]] [[Form]] when the [[Mind]] recedes and one becomes totally non-violent and quiet. In [[bhava Samadhi]] the [[Mind]] recedes and becomes [[purified]]. He explains that it is [[transformational]] causing a change in [[attitude]] as one gains greater [[consideration]] for others and become more broad-minded. | |
| − | : | + | {{Wiki|Shivabalayogi}} described [[bhāva]] as follows: |
| − | + | : "Everyone is in some sort of [[bhāva]] of the [[Guru]] because of their [[Attachment]] to the [[Guru]]. The [[Mind's]] [[Attachment]] and [[devotion]] is the true [[bhāva]]." | |
| − | + | Once the [[bhāva]] of the {{Wiki|devotee}} fully matures, the [[Mind]]'s [[emotional]] energies converge into [[bhāvasamādhi]], a [[state of Consciousness]] in which the [[Mind]] becomes still in [[single-pointed Concentration]] upon the [[object of devotion]]. | |
| − | + | One may speak of [[bhāvas]] plural, often glossed as devotional attitudes. A [[traditional]] reckoning of {{Wiki|ideal}} [[bhāvas]], as exemplified in the [[Hindu]] [[scriptures]], is as follows: | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | Ramakrishna Paramahansa stated that real bhava means establishing a relationship with the Divine and maintaining it brightly in our | + | * [[śāntabhāva]], the [[calm]], [[peaceful]], [[gentle]] or [[saintly attitude]] adopted by the {{Wiki|ancient}} {{Wiki|Rishis}} |
| + | * [[dāsyabhāva]], the [[attitude of a servant towards his master]], exemplified by [[Hanuman]] | ||
| + | * [[sakhyabhāva]], the [[attitude of a friend]] as exemplified by {{Wiki|Arjuna}} and {{Wiki|Uddhava}} towards {{Wiki|Krishna}} | ||
| + | * [[vātsalyabhāva]], the [[attitude of a mother towards her child]] as exemplified by {{Wiki|Kausalya}} towards {{Wiki|Rama}} and of Yasoda towards {{Wiki|Krishna}} | ||
| + | * [[madhurabhāva]] (or [[kantabhava]]), the [[attitude of a woman in Love]] as exemplified by [[Radha]] and {{Wiki|Mirabai}} toward {{Wiki|Krishna}} | ||
| + | * [[tanmayabhava]], the [[attitude that the Lord is present everywhere]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Wiki|Ramakrishna Paramahansa}} stated that real [[bhava]] means establishing a relationship with the [[Divine]] and maintaining it brightly in our [[Consciousness]] at all times, "whether eating, drinking, sitting or [[sleeping]]." | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
| − | Swami Devananda, Meditation and Mantras. Motilal Banarsidass 1978 | + | *Swami Devananda, [[Meditation]] and [[Mantras]]. {{Wiki|Motilal Banarsidass}} 1978 |
| − | Swami Nikhilananda, Vivekananda: The Yogas and Other Works. Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center 1953 | + | *{{Wiki|Swami Nikhilananda}}, [[Vivekananda]]: The [[Yogas]] and Other Works. Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center 1953 |
| − | Bruce Young, Guru-Disciple. | + | *Bruce Young, [[Guru]]-[[Disciple]]. |
| − | Swami Saradananda, Shri Ramakrishna: The Great Master. (India, Madras, 1952) | + | *{{Wiki|Swami Saradananda}}, {{Wiki|Shri Ramakrishna}}: The [[Great Master]]. ([[India]], [[Madras]], 1952) |
| − | Swami Sivananda, www.sivanandaonline.org | + | *{{Wiki|Swami Sivananda}}, www.sivanandaonline.org |
| − | Shri Shiva Rudra Balayogi The Path Supreme 2010 | + | *[[Shri]] {{Wiki|Shiva}} [[Rudra]] Balayogi The [[Path]] Supreme 2010 |
{{W}} | {{W}} | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Buddhist psychology]] | |
[[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | [[Category:Buddhist Terms]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:56, 19 September 2014
The term bhāva (Skt. भाव, status of being, a subjective becoming, states of Mind, from भू bhū, to become) is often translated as Feeling, emotion, mood, devotional state of Mind. Bhava: Existence
Bhava: Becoming.
States of being that develop first in the Mind and can then be experienced as internal worlds and/or as worlds on an external level. There are three levels of becoming: on the sensual level, the level of Form, and the level of formlessness. In Buddhist Thought, bhāva denotes the continuity of Life and Death, including Reincarnation, and the maturation arising therefrom. In the Bhakti traditions, bhāva denotes the mood of ecstasy, self-surrender, and channeling of emotional energies that is induced by the maturation of devotion to one's ishtadeva (object of devotion).
In Buddhism
In Buddhism, bhāva is the continuity of Life and Death, conditioned upon "grasping" (Upādāna), the desire for further Life and sensation. This bhāva is the condition for the arising of living beings in particular forms, through the process of birth (Jāti).
Bhāva is listed as the tenth of the Twelve Nidānas, the links in the cycle of Pratītyasamutpāda or Dependent origination.
In the Jātakas, in which The Buddha didactically reminds various followers of experiences they shared with him in a past Life, the hearers are said not to remember them due to bhāva, i.e. to having been reborn.
In Bhakti traditions
Swami Sivananda stated that bhava means Mental attitude or Mental disposition. He explains bhava as an "internal Feeling". For the bhakta (भक्त, devotee), bhāva is the fruit of devotion to one's ishtadeva, which culminates in bhāvasamādhi In bhaktiyoga (work of devotion), "bhāva is neither controlled nor suppressed, but is transformed into devotion and channelled to the Lord." This channeling may be pursued by means of devotional practices found to evoke and develop bhāva. Such devotional practices are not themselves essential: how and whether to practice them is Thought to depend on the temperament of the bhakta.
Swami Sivananda identified three kinds of bhava - sattvic, rajasic and tamasic. Which predominates in a person depends on their own nature, but sattvic bhava is "Divine bhava" or pure bhava (Suddha bhava). This bhava can be developed by proper practice just like any other faculty of the Mind like will Power or memory.
Shiva Rudra Balayogi explains that there are three stages of bhava. Where there is violent movement or a state of Mind lacking peace generally it is to be considered the lowest Form of bhava - bhava udreka. Higher than that is bhava unmathatta which is like the "intoxication or ecstasy" but does not involve any violent movements. Bhava Samadhi is the highest Form when the Mind recedes and one becomes totally non-violent and quiet. In bhava Samadhi the Mind recedes and becomes purified. He explains that it is transformational causing a change in attitude as one gains greater consideration for others and become more broad-minded.
Shivabalayogi described bhāva as follows:
- "Everyone is in some sort of bhāva of the Guru because of their Attachment to the Guru. The Mind's Attachment and devotion is the true bhāva."
Once the bhāva of the devotee fully matures, the Mind's emotional energies converge into bhāvasamādhi, a state of Consciousness in which the Mind becomes still in single-pointed Concentration upon the object of devotion.
One may speak of bhāvas plural, often glossed as devotional attitudes. A traditional reckoning of ideal bhāvas, as exemplified in the Hindu scriptures, is as follows:
- śāntabhāva, the calm, peaceful, gentle or saintly attitude adopted by the ancient Rishis
- dāsyabhāva, the attitude of a servant towards his master, exemplified by Hanuman
- sakhyabhāva, the attitude of a friend as exemplified by Arjuna and Uddhava towards Krishna
- vātsalyabhāva, the attitude of a mother towards her child as exemplified by Kausalya towards Rama and of Yasoda towards Krishna
- madhurabhāva (or kantabhava), the attitude of a woman in Love as exemplified by Radha and Mirabai toward Krishna
- tanmayabhava, the attitude that the Lord is present everywhere.
Ramakrishna Paramahansa stated that real bhava means establishing a relationship with the Divine and maintaining it brightly in our Consciousness at all times, "whether eating, drinking, sitting or sleeping."
Sources
- Swami Devananda, Meditation and Mantras. Motilal Banarsidass 1978
- Swami Nikhilananda, Vivekananda: The Yogas and Other Works. Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center 1953
- Bruce Young, Guru-Disciple.
- Swami Saradananda, Shri Ramakrishna: The Great Master. (India, Madras, 1952)
- Swami Sivananda, www.sivanandaonline.org
- Shri Shiva Rudra Balayogi The Path Supreme 2010
