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Entangled Religion. Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Religious Contact and Transfer
From the Faith of Lamas to Global Buddhism. The Construction of Buddhist Tradition in Russian Trans-Baikal from the Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century2019 •
The article invites readers to reconsider the history of Buddhism in Russian Trans-Baikal as a gradual process of negotiation and redefinition that involved different actors: lamas, Russian imperial officials of various levels, Orthodox missionaries, Buriat national activists, Saint Petersburg Orientologists, modern Buddhist reformers and conservatives. The process involved the construction of the centralized and subordinated confessional group out of scattered communities of lamas in the course of the nineteenth century, Irkutsk Orthodox Diocese’s attempts first to downgrade the faith of lamas to idol-worship and then to normalize ‘corrupted Buddhism’, and the ‘discovery’ of the larger Buddhist world by some Buriat lamas and their attempts to bring it back to ‘authentic forms’. The article shows what exactly had brought Russian officials and then Buriat Buddhists themselves to the idea that their religious tradition, which historically was labeled merely as Lamaistvo, is a part of the emerging conception of global Buddhism.
The Early 20th Century Resurgence of the Tibetan Buddhist World. Amsterdam University press.
Russian Archival Documents on the Revitalization of Buddhism Among the Kalmyks in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries2022 •
Baatr Kitinov’s paper uses Russian archival documents to examine the late nineteenth century revitalisation of Buddhism among the Russian Kalmyk population. He identifies three stages in this process: 1. 1860–1880, when Mongols wanted to “find” an incarnation of the Seventh Jebtsundamba Khutughtu among the Kalmyks (“Turgut”) in Russia or Olüts in Chinese Xinjiang; 2. 1880–1904, when the Dalai Lama was in Mongolia and Kalmyks traveled to Tibet; and 3. from 1904 to the first years of Soviet power, during which they maintained close contacts with the Dalai Lama. He also identifies three internal factors for the revitalization of Buddhism amongst the Kalmyks: 1. the revival of Tantrism in khurul practices; 2. the presence of Buddhists from other lands among Kalmyks; 3. and the Russian authorities permitting Kalmyks to visit the Dalai Lama in Urga.
Mongolians after Socialism
Buddhism in the Russian Republic of Buryatia: History and Contemporary Developments2012 •
2016 •
The paper discusses political importance of religious identity in the context of competition between Orthodoxy and Buddhism in the Buryat spiritual space. Christianization of Buryats, who are one of the biggest Siberian indigenous ethnic groups, as well as other non-Russians in the remote regions of Russia, seemed a necessary tool for strengthening the borders of the Empire under threat from Qing China. While Christianization of Pre-Baikal (Western) Buryats-shamanists was quite successful at least formally, the Trans-Baikal Buryats remained largely steadfast Buddhists. Considering this fact, the secular authorities built relationships with the Buddhist clergy in the framework of the existed legal regulations. However, the relation of the Orthodoxy towards Buddhism was irreconcilable overall the imperial history. The situation worsened at the end of the XIX century, when in connection with the Buryat ethnonational movements Buddhism began to spread among Western Buryats causing serio...
History of Religions
Buddhism and the Siberian Buryat Chronicles: Stories of Origin, Rivalry, and Negotiation in the Russian Empire2020 •
This article analyzes chronicles by Buryat Mongolian lamas and clan leaders that present a history of the introduction and development of Buddhism in Siberia in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Buddhism helped the Buryats to create a powerful social and political infrastructure for their society as they negotiated a place for themselves in the expanding Russian Empire. The chronicles trace this story by describing how the religion came to Siberia, the competition between Buryat lamas over leadership, and the increasingly important relationship between Buddhism and the Russian imperial government during that time that helped to legitimize and strengthen certain Buddhist leaders and institutions. The article argues that Buryat chroniclers emphasized these topics as a way to support Buddhism in its competition with Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism, and political ideologies common in the Russian Empire at that time.
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences
Buddhism in Christian State: Competition in Buryat Spiritual Space in Late-Imperial Russia2017 •
The period from the second half of the 19 th through the first third of the 20 th century marks the highest development of Buryat Buddhism. Once a derivative and integral part of the Tibetan-Mongol Buddhist world, by the end of the 19 th century Buddhism in Transbaikalia was subject to conditions that differed sharply from those in the remaining Tibetan Buddhist world. Accelerating modernization and the development of capitalist relations during this period of Russian history, resulted in a revision of the center's politics towards its national minorities, thereby exacerbating internal contradictions within the centralized Siberian Buddhist monastic institution. In 1918, the former head of the Kudun datsan, Sandan Tsydenov, finding himself in the eastern regions of Transbaikalia after 20 years of solitary mediation, laid the foundation for one of the most surprising movements in the history of Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism by founding an independent theocratic government. Despite the fact that this Buddhist theocracy was crushed, and its leader arrested by the authorities within a few months, followers of the Balagat (supporters of Tsydenov’s theocracy) movement opposed the Soviet government until the middle of the 1930's. In addition, indirectly, Sandan Tsydenov's ideas continue to influence members of the Russian intelligentsia to the present day: I am referring to followers of the Buryat Tibetologist, Bidya Dandaron, who founded a religio-philosophical school of neo-Buddhism, and considered himself Tsydenov's spiritual son and successor. Despite the considerable and long-reaching consequences of Sandan Tsydenov's actions, scholars still know very little about the theocratic government founded in the Kudun valleys and even less about the religio-philosophical views of its founder. An extensive legendary tradition has developed around the figure of Tsydenov, further obscuring his true portrait. Until recently, Sandan Tsydenov's personal archive, confiscated by the Buryat People's Duma, was considered lost. Recently, files were found in the Buryat History Museum archives, containing an entire series of valuable materials written in Tibetan and Mongolian, which reveal the philosophical foundations of the Balagat theocratic movement and its historical development. One of these documents is Sandan Tsydenov's diary during his trip to Moscow, as a member of a delegation of Buddhist monks invited to the coronation of Nicholas II in 1896, where Tsydenov grounded arguments for the future theocracy in ideas about the essence of monarchy and the sacredness of this governmental form. Among other materials, the most interesting is Tsydenov's philosophical notebook, completely devoted to his conceptions of power, government, monarchic privileges and theocratic forms of government supported by quotes from canonical and non-canonical Buddhist texts. The reasons for the rise of the theocratic movement, headed by Tsydenov, can be found in the clash between conservative and modernist models for Buryat ethnic development in the first third of the 20 th century. The so-called Volost reforms sparked processes of political nation-building, leading to the preeminence of a new generation of young Buryat intellectuals, who based their goals for the national rebirth of the Buryats on progressive European values. To this end, they united with a faction of Buddhist clergy, gathered around the official Buddhist administration, who advocated radical liberal reforms in administrative and economic spheres of the Buddhist church. Although officially part of the conservative Buddhist movement opposed to these liberal reforms, the Balagat leaders suggested an alternative form of government, sharply differing from the conservative movement's ideology of monarchic restoration. With the fall of the Romanovs, Tsydenov's piety for the monarchy, emotionally expressed in all his essays, transformed into the idea of theocracy. The sacred character of the Russian emperors, who in the eyes of Buddhists were the incarnations of White Tara, denied legitimacy to any form of power not endowed with religious blessing. The fall of the monarchy created a vacuum in the perception of thousands of believers which Tsydenov offered to fill with a local Buddhist form of government, declaring himself Dharmaraja of the three worlds. However, the use of traditional Buddhist terminology should not be taken as evidence of an archaic form of government. Preserved official administrative documents of the Balagat government (meeting protocols, decrees, materials from nomenclature commissions, etc.) demonstrate its debt to European governmental traditions and their inherent parliamentarianism. The theocratic movement reveals fundamental contradictions among the ranks of the Buryat Buddhist clergy, related to the administrative system of the Buddhist church in Russia – the institution of the Pandito Khambo-Lama. Tsydenov's attempt to secure the preeminence of his power by establishing a line of reincarnations (the first of which is supposed to have been Bidya Dandaron) demonstrated a crisis in the system of electing monastic leadership. Despite the fact that this opposition ended after the destruction of the Buddhist church in the 1930's, Buryatia is once again undergoing a new phase of Buddhist development and Tsydenov's ideas are again evoking interest in modern Buryat society.
RUNA, archivo para las ciencias del hombre
Debates acerca de la antropología del Estado y las políticas públicas en contextos latinoamericanos contemporáneosMaterials Chemistry & …
Temperature dependent electrical resistivity of CoZnFeO system1997 •
Molecular Cytogenetics
Cytomolecular characterization of de novo formed rye B chromosome variants2012 •
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
A rapid appraisal of causes of child death in community settings in district Bhopal2018 •
2020 •
International Journal of Computer Applications
Energy Transfer Optimization in Photovoltaic Conversion by the Maximum Power Point Tracking2014 •
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Protecting HIV information in countries scaling up HIV services: a baseline study2011 •
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Prediction of the Error Induced by Topography in Satellite Microwave Radiometric Observations2011 •
Revista chilena de nutrición
Contribución de las organizaciones sociales “ollas comunes” a la alimentación de la población chilena en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-192021 •
Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education
A comparative analysis of national media responses to the OECD Survey of Adult Skills: policy making from the global to the local?2016 •
The Journal of Physical Chemistry
Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of polyviologen complex modified electrodes1981 •
2015 •
Salsabila Wisriansyah
Salsabila Wisriansyah_Adjudication Theory_Filsafat Hukum_FHUI 2019Reactor por Lotes a Volumen Constante y Variable
REACTOR POR LOTES TEORIAYPROBLEMAS VOLCTEYVARIABLE2019 •
Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)
Digital Ceramics: Crafts-based Media for Novel Material Expression & Information Mediation at the Architectural Scale… Naturales y del …
Sobre la necesidad de realizar pronósticos numéricos de la trayectoria de los ciclones tropicales que afectan a la republica Mexicana.(Report)2011 •
Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering
Addressing volumetric locking and instabilities by selective integration in smoothed finite elements2009 •
2011 •
European Journal of Science and Technology
Paralel Kinematik Yapıya Dayalı 5-DOF FDM Yazıcı Tasarımı ve İmalatı2022 •
Polymer International
Plasticization effects of epoxidized vegetable oils on mechanical properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)2016 •