Buddhist architecture stupa
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Buddhist architecture stupa
- 1. BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE STUPA BILAL KHAN BHURA UMAIR IQBAL ZAFAR JYOTI YADAV MOHD. RAGHIB OMID PAKSIMA TABISH IFTEKHAR
- 2. INTRODUCTION • STUPA IS MOUND OF THE EARTH ENCLOSING A RELICCAN BE COMPARED WITH THE MASSIVE FORM OF THEGREAT PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT • THEY ALSO CALLED AS THUPPA IN PALI, DAGABA INSIMBALI, TOPE IN ENGLISH & DHATUGRABH IN SANSKRIT.(DHATUGRABH=RELICS PRESERVED IN VESSEL • • • CLASSIFIED INTO THREE TYPES1. SARIKA STUPA PARIBHOJIKA STUPA UDDESHIKA STUPA
- 3. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF STUPA
- 5. SANCHI STUPA Sanchi Stupa is located 40 km north east of Bhopal, and 10 km from Besnagar and Vidisha in the central part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. Sanchi Stupa was built by Ashoka (273-236 B.C.) Sanchi Stupas is located on the top of the Sanchi hill, which raise about 100M high above the plain. The 'Great Stupa' at Sanchi is the oldest stone structure in India
- 6. LOCATION
- 7. SITE PLANNING Stupas were erected over the sacred relics of the monks and worshiped with great reverence. They are therefore known as Relic-Shrines.
- 8. SITE PLANNING The stupa more then a funeral mound was planned like a Vedic village Great Stupa, Sanchi (Madhya Pradesh)
- 9. The spherical dome symbolized the infinite space of the sky, abode of God. The dome is called as anda or egg or. The dome is a solid brick work is 36.60M in dia, and 16.46M high. a large hemispherical dome which is flat at the top, and crowned by a triple umbrella or Chattra on a pedestal surrounded by a square railing or Harmika. a railing enclosed called Vedica which is about 3.35 M high leaving an ambulatory passage or pradikshina path with the gateways. At the base of the dome is a high circular terrace probably meant for parikrama or circumambulation and an encircling balustrade. The terrace (midi) 4.87M high from the ground was added thus creating a separate and upper ambulatory passage 1.8M wide. There are four gateways known as Toronas at the cardinal points of the campus. Toronas built by ivory or metal worker. Plan and elevation of Sanchi Stupa
- 10. Torona consist of 2 square upright columns with capitals or lion of elephant heads denoting strength. These columns support three separate horizontal panels between each of which is row of ornamental balusters. The panels have volutes at their terminal ends surmounting with animal sculpture. The top panels is crowned with Tri-Ratna symbol of the Buddhist trinity, Buddha, the law (dharma) and monastic community (sangha) with wheels of justice in the centre which rest on elephant shaped pedestal. The total height of this erection is about 10. 36M with a width of 3M. Ashok chakra The Gateway ‘Torona’
- 11. FEATURES Harmika or triple umbrella Upper Ambulatory 1.8m wide3.35m high Stone vedica Ushnisha Urdhava patas 45cm dia 60-90 cmc/c Suchi 60 cm dia Lower Ambulatory 3.35 m. high Steps leading to upper ambulatory
- 12. Front View of sanchi stupa Column of Torna Front View of Torna Elephants and Yakshi of the Eastern Torana, Great Stupa, Sanchi, mid-1st century BC - AD 1st century View of Torna from upper ambulatory
- 13. STUPA AT SARNATH-Dharmaksha stupa built in 7th centaury a commemorative Stupa, situated Benares. 6.5KM to the north of built by Ashoka and later rebuilt in the Gupta period. The Stupa consist of large tower built in stone masonry at the basement for a height of 13M and in brick masonry above for a height 34M. The facing of stone basement has 8 niches, a line of sculptured ornaments.run below it these niches were mostly provided to erect Buddha’s statue. Delicately carved with beautiful floral and geo-metrical patterns. Site Map
- 14. STUPA AT SARNATH
- 15. STUPA AT SARNATH Ornamentation Stupa at Sarnath at 1843 Stupa at Sarnath of Present days
- 16. CHAITYAS • THE PRAYER HALL OR BUDDHIST TEMPLE & USUALLY REFFERED TO AS THE CHAITYA HALL • CHAITYAS ARE THE HALLS ENCLOSING THE STUPAS. • A CHAITYA-GRIHA BUDDHIST CAVE (STUPA HALL) IS A MEETING OR ASSEMBLY CHAMBER OFTEN USED FOR PURPOSES SIMILAR TOA STUPA. • ARCHITECTURALLY THEY SHOW SIMILARITIES TO ROMAN DESIGN CONCEPTS OF COLUMN AND ARCH.
- 17. FEATURES OF CHAITYYAS • A LARGE HORSESHOE-SHAPEDWINDOW, THE CHAITYAWINDOW, WAS SET ABOVE THE ARCHED DOOR WAY. • THE WHOLE PORTICO-AREA WAS CARVED TO IMITATE A MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING WITH BALCONIES AND WINDOWS. • THE COLUMNS SLOPED INWARDSIN THE IMITATION OF WOODENCOLUMNS THAT WOULD HAVEBEEN STRUCTU RALLY NECESSARY TO KEEP A ROOF UP HORSESHOE-SHAPED WINDOW