Contributors

Carl Bielefeldt, assistant professor in the Department of Religious Studies at the Stanford University, received his Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies from the University of California, Berkeley. He has recently completed a monograph on Dagen's meditation manuals and is coediting an anthology of Japanese scholarship on Dogen. His current research is in the area of the earliest Zen schools in Japan. Robert E. Buswell, Jr. completed his Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies at the University of California, Berkeley and is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Oriental Languages at the University of California, Los Angeles. His principal publication is T he Korean Approach to Zen: The Collected Works of Chinul, which provides annotated translations of all the works of the founder of the Korean Son tradition. He is editor of, and contributor to, Buddhist Apocryphal Literature, forthcoming as volume lO in the Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, and coeditor of the Abhidharma Buddhist Philosophy volume of the Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies. His current research centers on East Asian Buddhist apocryphal scriptures that resonate with Ch'an, with special reference to the Vajrasamiidhi-sutra. David W. Chappell teaches Chinese Buddhism and comparative religion at the University of Hawaii, where he is a professor in the Department of Religion. He did his doctoral work at Yale University on the Chinese Pure Land pioneer Taoch 'o (562-645). His publications include T'ien-ta' ai Buddhism: An Outline of the Fourfold Teachings, a translation of the teachings of the fourth Ch'an patriarch Tao-hsin (580-651), and coeditorship of Buddhist and Taoist Studies, volumes I and II. He is also the founding editor of the journal Buddhist-Christian Studies. Bernard Faure teaches Asian religions at Cornell University. After studying in Japan for several years under the guidance of Professor Yanagida Seizan, he obtained his doctorate from the University of Paris-VII in 1984 with a disserta­ tion on the emergence of Ch'an orthodoxy in eighth-century China. He has recently finished a French translation of the so-called "Treatise of Bodhidharma" and is working on a book tentatively entitled "On the Margins of the Ch'an and Zen Traditions." He is also conducting research on the early development of Japanese Zen, focusing on the instrumental role of the "Japanese School of Bodhidharma" (Nihon Daruma-shu).

Contributors

Peter N. Gregory is director of the Kuroda Institute for the Study of Buddhism and Human Values and assistant professor in the Program in Religious Studies and Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies at the University of Illinois,
Urbana. He received his Ph.D. in East Asian Languages and Civilizations from
Harvard University with a dissertation on Tsung-mi's Yiian-jen fun. He has coedited, with Robert Gimello, Studies inCh 'an and Hua-yen and "The Sudden/
Gradual Polarity in Chinese Thought." In addition to a number of articles on
Tsung-mi and Hua-yen thought, he is currently finishing a monograph on the
Yiian-jen fun and is working on a book-length study of the life and thought of Tsung-mi.
Alan Sponberg is an assistant professor and the D. T . Suzuki Preceptor of East Asian Religions at Princeton University. He received a Ph.D. from the University of British Columbia with a dissertation on the VijiiaptimiHrata philosophy of the seventh-century Chinese Buddhist monk K'uei-chi. His research has focused on the transmission of Buddhism from India to China, and he is especially interested in early Yogacara. Recent work includes "The Thirty Verses: An Introduction to the Yogacara Buddhism of Vasubandhu" and a symposium volume, Maitreya, the Future Buddha, coedited with Helen Hardacre.
Daniel Stevenson, assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy and Religion at Butler University, received his Ph.D. from the Department of Religion at Columbia University. His dissertation involves the investigation of the development of early T'ien-t'ai thought and practice with particular emphasis on the formulation of its meditative system.
 
Glossary

a-tzu kuan 19" !f: ll!. an-hsin .!Ji;. • .:.;
An-lo chi .!Ji;.$.-lan-lo hsing .!J;$.;-11 An-lo hsing i .!Ji;. $. H a Bendo hO 1!;:!;ch'amgu f:.-1>] ch'amjong cholch'ol .flfir-. ch'amiii 1:--!: ch'an if "Ch'an chen" if Chan-jan )l. ch'an-hui 111.'11;:
"Ch'an-men kuei-shih" ifr, JJ..j\,
Chan-men shih-tzu ch' eng-hsi t 'u if,,
 ;If if. 1l: Ill
Ch' an-men yao-liieh ifr ,-*" 111/1.
ch'an-na if ch'an-ting if:.t chan-ting chieh-tieh .flfi r ._
Ch'an-yao if-*"
Ch'an-yiian ch'ing-kuei 4?tit!J..
Ch' an-yiian chu-ch 'uan-chi tu-hsii if ).f.
ft-l-lf
ch'ang chao 'f.. Chang Chiin MJ ch'ang-hsing san-mei 'f H-=.. Chang Lu ·f·
Ch 'ang-lu -k ,l
Ch'ang-lu Tsung-tse -k ,l '* »t Ch'ang-lu Ying fu -k ,l,l.@. };_ ch'ang-tso san-mei 'f .1t _::_
Chang Wan-fu .;/, #1 Chang Yiieh 1Jt..
Chao-chou Ts 'ung-shen :4 *I {It it chao-liao .f.\ 1 ch'e ft ch'ejung-hyon ft f il:
Ch'en Chen '*-if. chen-hsin Jl. . .:.;
Ch'en Hsii '*--m chen-[ju] kuan Jl.all!, chen-ju san-mei Jl. a_::_ Ch'en Shih '*-'f chen-li Jl. J:l Chen-ting Jl. :.t chen-tsung Jl. '* chen wu-nien Jl. Chen-yen Jl. 1; cheng iE ch'eng-ch'ang fo-ming :M-· 1-t cheng-hsiu iEft} ch'eng i fo ming tz'u :M--1-t !f: Ch'eng-kuan ii-ll!. ch'eng ming :M--t cheng-nien iE cheng-nien erh tso iE ifQ .1t Cheng-tao ko if: it cheng-tsung iE '* cheng-wu if:
Ch'eng-yiian if. it. chi
 
chi-ch'i hsin -.-:.; ch'i-fo pa-p'u-sa ch'an-fa -1::-{.i\.{1:- i ilf.)i;­
Chi-tsang tf ft.
Chia-ts'ai it:t chiao-wai pieh-ch'uan UHJ•J chieh chia-fu tso t.':t chieh-wu
chien
Chien-chung ching-kuo hsii teng lu oJt 'f Jk
-
ch'ien-hsiang cheng-hsing JtQoji chien-hsing Jl.. ii ch'ien-hsii ts'un-shih Jt..!tff-1' chien-shih hsin 1' ,-:.; chih .J:. chih chih t' chih-chih hsin-hsing A :J ,-:.; ii Ch'ih-chiieh 1:
chih-hsin ch'an -tJ ,-:.;;if
Ch'ih-hsiu Po-chang ch'ing-kuei t/J1'}1J J::.. it Chih-i t-n chih-jen-yiin A if.
Chih-kuan fu-hsing chuan hung-chiieh .J:.«t

• fi h 5./.. iP-­
  

Chih-p'an ,t., :f chih seng shih 11 * Chih-shen t'it. Chih-ta (Hui-ta) t' it ( .t. it) Chih-wei t' Iii.
Chih-yen t'1l Chin'gak Hyesim f:lti!
Chin kuang-ming ch 'an-fa ;t B}j ill )i;ch'ing tk Ching-chiieh it-1; Ching-hsien -f." ching-hsing • h ching-jen it-A.
Ching-kang san-mei ching iii·J.=..t..• Ch'ing kuan-yin ch'an-fa tk«t'll-ill5i.
Ch'ing kuan-shih-yin hsiao-fu tu hai t'o lo-ni ching "tk «t-!!!--t- m {. :t l"t: Jl
R..•
Ch'ing kuan-yin hsing-fa tk«t'll-h:>!Ching-ming ching it--t
Glossary
Ching-te ch 'uan-teng lu -f." itChing-t' u fa-shen tsan it-_±.;>!-. A' -jf Ching-t'u fun it-_±.. Ching-ying Hui-yiian it-131t it Chinsim chiksiil ,-:.;Alit.
Chinul if!J Chodang chip ;fJI. '1" .#.
Chogye t
Chogye Chin' gak kuksa iirok t I;
IIJ(I;jicho'gyon chasim . .-:.; chonghye ssangsu Jt 1'} Ch' ongwon-sa it i..t i" chonje .f.t. Ch'ont'ae *-. t1 ch'osinji ;fn1i"
Ch'u-chi At Ch'u-chin .1t chii-yiian Jl. Ch'uan-ao ta-shih if!.k(l;ji chuan ch'eng fo-ming -*ffl-f*-t chiian ching IIJtk chuan hsin -4-·-:.;
Ch 'uan fa-pao chi ;>!- f -e.
Chiian hsiao wen IIJ:.f
"Chiian ts'an-ch'an jen chien hsiu ching-t'u" IIJf:..ff.J.:f:1o}it-_±..
chiieh f: chiieh-i f: -;t chiieh-i san-mei I; -;t .=..t..
Chiieh-i san-mei I; -;t .=..t.. Chiieh-i san-mei hsing-fa I; -;t .=..t.. .ft ;>!Chung-feng Ming-pen 'f l-B}) .{:.. chiingip A. chiingo
Ch'ung-hsiian tsung -t" it;;}."
Chung-hua ch' uan-hsin-ti Ch' an-men shih-tzu ch'eng-hsi t'u 'f..-:.; ;if r, (l;ji 'lf;f.lll
Chung-tiao pu-chu Ch'an-yiian ch'ingkuei t"O.:filiftff.it
Daikaku zenji zazen ron k f:;if (l;ji .'t_
 
Denjutsu isshinkaimon i!.- ,-:.; i(, Dogen lt_;;(..
Eihei kiiroku ;!j_-f- Jl4
Eisai .f..
Glossary
Enni Ben'en Ill jlij Jit.!ll
Erh-shih-wu wang san-mei ;::__ + 1i
_::..!Jf­
Fa-chao )k,
fa-chieh ting-yin )l;-1'(-.:,t P fa-chieh wu-ai yiian-ch'i )k1'f-..Al\-4t.ff. Fa-chih i!-#"
Fa-chii ching 5l;- 6] !t Fa-hsiang )k!J fa-hsing )kf± fa-hsing chi-jan i!-f±
Fa-hua ch'an-fa i!-Jfill.)k Fa-hua ching an-to hsing i i!-Jf!t*$ ha
Fa-hua hsiian-i 5k.1f-Ka fa-hua san-mei )l;-Jf_::..!Jf-
Fa-hua san-mei ch'an-i )l;-Jf_:!Jf-:..1f1.1l
Fa-ju )!-.flo
Fa-tsang )k
Fa-yen Wen-i )l;-&ltj;i
Fa-yiian -ft-.§Ji Fa-yiin Fa-hsiu 5l;- )l;-Jf "Fan-hsing p'in" 1t.ft .f.. fan-nao chang AA ·II 1'-f: fang-pien 7f{ fang-pien sui-yiian ch'an 7f{M_;jf.
Fang-teng ch'an-fa 7f -*•*
Fang-teng san-mei hsing-fa 7i -l"-_:!Jf-:..
.fti!-
Fang-teng t 'o-to-ni ching 7i-* l't Jllt.!t Fang-wang ching 1t!t
fei
Fei-hsi
fei-hsing fei-tso .ft fei-hsing fei-tso san-mei .ft _: :..!Jffen-pieh oll·l
Fen-yang Shan-chao ff; .f. sg fo-hsing 1IIH±
Fo-kuo Wei-po 1.1fJ tit a
Fo-tsu t 'ung-chi 1*::bt!t e.
Fu ta-shih (Fu Hsi) {4-.:k ±( 14-1.1)
Fukan zazen gi f-l!J if-1l
"Fukan zazen gi senjutsu yurai" .f-111
 
Gijoa1t
gozan li.l! Gyohyo .ft *haeo '!g. Ho-tse #
hoe'gwang panjo ,l;;tl!!. Honen i!-.
Hotto5k
Hotto kokushi hOgo )k lfJ )l;- Hou-mo-chen Yen .:)t l't..Jl hsi-ch'an 'W lf. hsi erh-pien fen-pieh ch'an .. .:::_.it
Jj•J if
hsi-wang hsiu-hsin .t -*{!}·.:.; hsiang !1
Hsiang-erh 1l-
hsiang hsin-chung k'an i-tzu foJ • .:.; 'f :;t
-:f=
Hsiang-mo tsang l't hsiang-tai !1 hsiang-t'ung !1 Iii]
Hsiang-yang -l_ ff; Hsiao chih-kuan •J•.J:.lt hsin . .:.;
Hsin-hsin ming {-t; • .:.; it
Hsin Hua-yen ching tun Jflt!t hsin jo yu nien ch 'i chi pi en chiiehchao . .:.; =* ::fl1? !lp { f: ,f.{
hsin-shih liu-tung . .:.; 1il\ if fh hsin-shu . .:.; It hsin-ti . .:.; M. hsing f± hsing-ch'i f± hsing-ch'i yiian-t'ung f±!l.i!l
Hsiu-hsi chih-kuan tso-ch'an fa yao {t}'}l'.J:.ltlf.i!-.f.
Hsiu-hsin yao tun -ft} • .:.; .f. hsiu-k'ung {!} Hsii ch 'uan-teng tu {4---
Hsii kao-seng chuan ;iii 1t'I4Hsii-k'ung-tsang pa-pai jih t'u-ts'e
§ A 1f El *' iJ•J Hsiian-lang -B;
Hsiian-shih 1t Hsiian-tse -B: It
Hsiian-tsang -B; Hsiieh-feng H ui-jan t-1! . hua-t'ou tt jjj
Hua-yen Jflt
Hua-yen chin-kuan .1f lt i$
Hua-yen chin-kuan ch'ao -¥-lU$ ;t£1·
Hua-yen ching -¥-lt,t
Hua-yen ching hsing-yiian p'in shuch'ao -¥-lt,t.fi .li J.t1·
Hua-yen ching k'ung-mu chang -¥-.¥.1,1
JL "f'
Hua-yen ching sui-shu yen-i ch 'ao -¥-.¥.
1,1 J.t 11i a 1·
Hua-yenfa-chieh hsiian-ching -¥-.¥.5i:
-Yf.-t:§t
Hua-yenfa-chieh kuan-men -¥-.¥.5i:1'f.
,,
Huai-jang it
Huang-po * hui
Hui-an
Hui-chen t, Jl. Hui-ch'i #Hui-chi ssu t"if i­
Hui-hai )ij,
Hui-hung hui-hsiang Jl!!f.;) Hui-jen ,fb
Hui-jih El
Hui-k'o '1 Hui-li iL.
Hui-neng t, ( )1it
Hui-ssu ,!.,
Hung-chi ch'an-yiian :ff-r,t". Hu ng-ching 5!. -f:
Hung-chou *I
Hung-jen 5t. .r!; hwabyong "tH,11 hwach 'iik "t{; Jl•] hwadu "t{; jJj hwaje "tH!
hwalgu t{; {i]
Hwaom-¥-lt
Hwaomnon choryo -¥-lt'P-* hyonjung-hyon -t; 'f -t; i-;t
 
i chi .Jl'.t' i ch'i chi hsiu san-mei-;t lip io} .=.Jt,..
1-fu a#! i-hsiang - {Q i-hsiang san-mei - {Q .=..IJt,. i-hsin chieh - ,.:.;A
Glossary
i-hsing -H i-hsing san-mei - h .=..IJt,. ilchin popkye - Jl. 5i: 1'f.
illyom hoe'gwang kyon chabonsong
- Jl!! >1:. .R. tJ -$..1i
i-nien san-ch'ien - .=.. -t i-p'ien- JT I Shih Ji
i t' ang tso-ch' an ft,. 1." :fl. i-tsung- ;j; jen A
Jen-t'ien yen-mu A*.N. !l lion Daishi denki monjii 1t . :k 1*

1. .jo yu wang ch'i chi chiieh :¥- 1f * lipf:
   

"Ju fa-chieh p'in" A.5f;:.}'f. ju hsiang nien "*" {Q
Ju-ju chii-shih tso-ch 'an i "*""*" ±
41l
ju-Iai ch'an "*"!¥-:fl.
"Ju-Iai hsing-ch'i p'in" "*" !¥-1i Ju-lai hsing-hsien ching "*" !¥- 1Ji 1,1 ju p'u-sa wei "*"-!Hi 19:. ju-t'uan hsin Ill ,.:.; kaisetsu A:f-1! k'an-hsin :t . .:.;
k' an-hsin fa :t ,.:.; 5i: k'an-hua ;tt{; k'an-hua ch'an ;t"t{;if-
Kanhwa kyorui ron ;tt{;5:1H. kanhwa son :t t{; :fl.
k'an wu-so ch'u :t•M-4 Kanazawa bunko 1.- ,If
kanna ;tt{; Keizan of' J.J kikutsu ;t Ko Hung J&
ko i i;--;9;
koan it kongan it
kongjok yongji ;: t'
Kojo >:.:;t
k'ou-chiieh o kozen gokokuron :fl. IIJ ku-jen -5- A k'u-mu ssu-hui #; .:f-Jt 1;...
kuan
Glossary
kuan fo 1 kuan-hsin .-:; Kuan-hsin fun .-::; Kuan-hsin tun shu .-::;Jt.
kuan i wu -#1 kuan ju-lai '*o *'-
Kuan p' u-hsien p' u-sa hsing-fa ching
it-% fi.h5H.
Kuan-ting il1li
Kuan wu-/iang-shou ching f-It kubak pombu Jt..R..J;.
K'uei-chi oit.:l. Kuei-feng Tsung-mi ± t- ;r; .Y Kuei-shan ching-ts 'e 5.4, J.. -f- ku'gyong chi itM.. kujung-hyon 6] f -t: k'ung kung-an it
k'ung-chieh i-ch'ien #JI'"J..-;f.j kuo*-
K'uo-an .$ft. Kuo-ch 'ing pai lu Ill it 1Jjf: kwanjo ,l!K kwanjo chasim - fl ,-:;
Kwonsu ChOnghye kyo/sa mun 11}
.t.t;i.±.
kyo
kyosiing Jlt kyong chasim it m ,-::; kyongjol-mun {§!. r, Lan-ch'i Tao-lung M ilt Leng-ch 'ieh pao-chi ching -fb,. f ;ft Leng-ch 'ieh shih-tzu-chi {bo (liJi '/f-iC. li .J.J.
Li ch'an-hui Jl'..,.,ilt Li chih fa iL *I 5k li-hsin Jl'. .-::;
Li Hua 4--' li-ju Jl'. A..
li kuan Jl'. li-nien Aft Li-tai fa-pao chi &1\;:kf"tc. Li T'ung-hsiian 4-.ift -t: lien-hua sheng-hui 1!-' $- i"
"Lien-hua sheng-hui lu wen" 1!-'MJ.
-t-•
Lin-chi 1-hsiian Jt -t:
Lin-chi lu -
Lin-chien lu #.. rJl ... ling-chih ;: liu-ken ch'an-hui :fd!t.,., '!It Liu-tsu t' an-ching -77 til. :If
Lo-chou *I
Lo-pang i-kao -1 it
Lo-pang wen-lei -1 M Lu-shan Hui-yiian ,t J.. i!.
Lu-shan /ien-tsung pao-chien ,1: J.. l! ;r; fiJi.
Liieh chu-ching-lun nien-fo fa-men wang-sheng ching-t'u chi 913-
15krH£ ;?-.±..
Liieh-ming k' ai-meng ch' u-hsiieh tsoch' an chih-kuan yao men "13-1!}] MIt 7]
Jf 4.J:.-*- ,, lung shen-hun #;t
Lung-shu ching-t 'u wen t i i?- _±..
Ma-tsu Tao-i .'-7 til. it-
Mang-lo chung-mo i-wen lft£-il manhaeng h
meng-wang Jj. L mi'*-
mi-yao \if-*"
men r, mieh
mo-chao '-. -
Mo-ho chih-kuan 4 "t1 .J:_
Mo-ho po-jo po-lo-mi ching chiieh-i
san-mei 4 "t1 -At'* ilt Jl 'Y f: ..:=..
Mo-ho-yen 4 "t1M mo-shih ,t* Mochizuki Shinko :t JJ it#mu
Muhon Kakushin ..f-f:.-:;
mukcho '-!\ ., mumi '*munyom musain *A. Musang {
musi -¥,; musim .-::; musim hapto mun .-:;-f.'ltr, naejo I*J -
Naisho buppo soja kechimyakufu I*J if:
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Nan-wu 0-mi-t'o fo .WI'-1Ai l't1
Nan-Yiian Hui-yung .Wi!>tM
Nan-yiieh Hui-ssu iW ._! ,!!'., Naong Hye'giin '!fA! J1J
. men -&-.'t. nien ch'i chi chiieh f: nien-fo {$ Nien-fo ching 1$
"Nien-fo fang-t'ui fang-pien wen"{$ !';ti!_7f1
"Nien-fo hui-hsiang fa-yiian wen" 1$
Jt!!.fol-ft-Mi nien-fo san-mei 1$..:=..11f..
Nien-fo san-mei pao-wang lun {$..:=.!If...
f..I..
"Nien-fo ts'an-ch'an chiu tsung-chih shuo" 1$t--if..;)t;jlf"it
nien i nien Tz'u-shih p'u-sa "It 1\% i. ning-hsin ch'an .-:..;;if.
Niu-t'ou 4-.ijj
Ojoraisan shiki {i. '!.>it 1l :f.t. C.
Ono Gemmyo ·l·Jf"t-*'· opsik -t•
p'a
Pa-ch 'iung shih chin-shih pu-cheng
A J.l :i" i_- lilj .iE
p'abyong f.J:i pan chia-fu tso Jll ljJ AA..1t. p'an-chiao Jll pan-hsing pan-tso san-mei
-fif-fjt_..::_ilf.. P'an Shih-chen 5l (i;ji .iE pan'gwan chasim .talt .-:..; panjo .ta. panjo chasim .ta ,-:..; panjo chasong .ta. ti pao chang ff..l'f Pao-p'u-tzu -+-t
Pao-t'ang 1:/. If
"Pao-wang ju-lai hsing-ch'i p'in"
f..I..-*"ti.::.
pen-hsin ;f..-:..;
pieh ·I pieh ch'ang ch'an-hui ·I -'fit pieh hsing ·I H Pan-chou cheng-hsiang hsing-fa
M. Jti.N H 5!-
pan-chou san-mei ,Nf. jJ-..::.. !If..
Pan-chou san-mei ching M.}J-..::..ilf..
Glossary
pi-mi chih tsang \tr.Z Po-chang ch'ing-kuei El i!M. Po-chang Huai-hai 11 itiii:
"Po-chang kuei-sheng sung"
EfM,jl
po'gwangmyong chit-11:.1!}) t' Po-jo po-lo-mi-to hsin ching yu-tsan
-ht=*i.Ul\tr 1 - pop*
Popchip pyorhaeng nok choryo pyongip sagi *.#.·1 HiUp]!A..;f.t.
 
pudong chi ::f-fh t'
P'u-hsien t-'MP'u-hsien kuan ching t- 'M-lt
"P'u-hsien p'u-sa chiian-fa p'in" t-'M-%i.liQ-ft-.::.
P'u-hui t-! P'u-sa chieh-fa % i. A*
pu-ssu pu-kuan ::f-,!!'., ::f-#t P'u-chi t-:li. P'u-tu t-h.. pulbyon ::.r- pulsong 1$ti
Rankei Doryii M 5$!. it. fJ:
Rinzai Jli
Ryochu tt:t sabutsu 11 1$
saengnyak .:fi IIISsagu Jt {;]
Sagul-san l'fl .1/ili .1!
Saichol_i:isamhyon-mun ..::.. k r, san chang ..::.. l'f san chih-kuan ..::..;.l:.#t san-hsiian men ..::.. k r,
san-hsiieh ..:=...JfSan-kuan i ..::..#t• San-lun ..::.. san-ti -=-t
Sankon zazen setsu ..::.. !l1t. ;jf. "it
Sa to Tetsuei f£At i1f-*" Seng-ch'ou (Hui-ch'ou) 1t ( )
·
Seng-ts'an 1t It
Shan-fang ye-hua .1! -* R "tli Shan-tao .f. if she-Ian liu-ch 'un .ft )fi WI *' she-mo kuei-pen 44 :t:.Sf ..:$-
Glossary
Shen-hui #it
Shen-hsiu #if
shen-k'eng i*-Jtt. sheng-hsin ,-:.;
Shibu roku \!S-It itt shih * shih ch'an-hui * •1/i-
Shih ch 'an po-lo-mi tz 'u-ti fa men off lf. ;IHl !&> *. )!: ,, Shih chu pi-po-sha fun -t-{i •lblt ;_;.- shih-hsiang nien-fo 'f 1* shih-hsin -t-1t shih-kuan * lt Shih kuan-ching -t-ltJt. Shih-niu t 'u +- 4- Ill shih sheng kuan-fa -t-jftl\1.)!:
Shih-yiian tz'u-lin off#. shikan taza ?- f-.tr
Shobo genzo .iE)!: Nil lit ShobO genzo zazen gi .iE)li:N!l lit lf-11. Shoichi kokushi hogo -Ill (I;Ji )k"t Shosoin .iE :!'-l!t
Shou-chih (Shou-chen) 'T J1L ( ;r Jt.)
shou-hsin 'T .-:.; shou-i ;r-
shou i pu i ;r-:;r-;fJ Shou-leng-yen ching ""t -tJ ¥..
Shou-leng-yen san-mei ching
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wu-hsin .-:.;
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wu-nien
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Glossary
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wu-tso #;.f'f wu-tso-i #;.f'f -.t
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Index
Ab hidharmak6sa, 31
Abhidharma tradition,3 3
Abhisamaya, 42
Adaptability (K. suy6n; Ch. sui-yiian), 204
Akasagarbha, 72, 94n
Amitabha Buddha: in ch 'ing Kuan-yin repentance,a nd constantly walking samadhi, 59,7 2-73; as object of visualization,2 2; as source of supportive grace,
61
Amitabha movement,1 64
Amoghavajra(705-774),1 21
Aligutlara-nikaya, 214 An -lo chi, 104
An-to hsing. See Course of ease and bliss, The
An -lo hsing i, 71-72
Anusmrti, 17,30
Asanga,29
Avalokite5vara (Kuan-yin),7 2-73, 173; as devotional object, 22; different forms of,
74; invocation during ch 'ing Kuan-yin repentance, 74
Avatamsaka Sutra: consulted by Chinul, 202; history, 236n; idea of interpenetration,1 10; Shen-hsiu commentaries, 106 Awakening of Faith, 8; and one-practice samadhi,1 01-102; role in seventh- and eighth-century Ch'an, 8-9; theory of samatha-vipasyana,1 01
Awareness( Ch. chih; K. cht), definition,
214-215
Baiajyaraja,a s object of visualization,2 2
Bare awareness, 7
Bhavana, 17; broadest term for Buddhist meditation,1 9; connection with dhyana,
19-20; essence of, 19-20
Bodhiruci,1 82
Bodhisattva precepts,i n Northern School,
116
Bodhyanga, 76
Buddhabhadra(359-429),1 01
Buddhist meditation: cultural mapping of concepts,2 0-21; Sanskrit terms used in practice,1 7; as systematic method for understanding world,5 . See also Meditation
Candrakirti, 190
Celestial Masters, 113
Ch'an: definition, 163, 207-208; direct apprehension of ultimate reality, II; Feihsi criticism of, 178-179; Hui-jih attack on,1 70-174; iconoclasm of, 188-189; lineage and one-practice samadhi,1 19; objections by Hui-jih, 173-174; Pure Land responses to, 187-194; role perceived by Fei-hsi, 192; as transliteration of dhyana, 18. See also Son; Zen Chang Chiin (d.u.), 114
Chang-jan (717-782),8 9n, 121,1 22; five periods and eight teachings, 184; use of
Awakening of Faith's analysis of mind,9
Chang Lu,1 13
Chang Wang-fu, 113
Chang Yiieh( d. 730), 114
Ch'ang-lu Tsung-tse (d.u.), 130; biography of,1 48-149; essential art of meditation,1 36-137; Pure Land writing,1 49-
150
Ch'ang-lu Yung-fu (d.u.),1 49
Ch 'an-men kuei-shih ("Zen Regulations"),
147
Ch'an practitioner, contrasted with Pure Land devotee,1 72-173
Ch'an School, definition of i-hsing sanmei, 104-109
Ch'an-yao ("Essentials of Dhyana"),1 16
Ch' an-yiian ch 'ing-kuei ("Pure Regulations of the Zen Preserve"),1 31; as model for monastic codes,1 50-151
Ch 'an-yiian chu-ch 'iian-chi tu-hsii. See General Preface to the Collected Writings on the Sources of Ch 'an
Chao-chou Ts'ung-shen (778-897), 217
Ch'eng-kuan (738-839), 121, 185,210 Ch 'eng-wei-shih-lun, 31
Ch'eng-yiian (713-803), 121; converted by Hui-jih, 174
Chen-yen. See Esoteric Buddhism
Ch'en Shih (d.u.), 131
Chia-ts'ai (d. u.), 169; as first historian of early Pure Land, 194n
Chieh-wu. See Understanding/awakening Ch 'i fo pa p' u-sa shen chou ching, 94n Chien. See Gradual
Chien-chung ching-kuo hsii teng lu ("Further Record of the Lamp,f rom the Chien-chung Ching-kuo Era"), 148-
149
Chien-hsing. See Seeing the Nature
Ch 'ien-hsiang cheng-hsing. See Dismissing the phenomenal aspects-realizing the true nature
Ch' ien-hsii ts'un-shih. See Dismissing the false-preserving the real
Chih-i (538-597), 31, 99, 102-103,1 06, 132, 143, 166,1 80, 182; composition of Li chih-fa, 45; eclectic attitude, 85; first
taste of enlightenment, 51; influence on Tso-ch 'an i, 132-137; teaching career, 88n;t wo approaches to meditation, lOll; use of tathiigatagarbha doctrine,9
Chih-shen (609-702), 124,1 67 Chih-ta (d. 714), 115
Chih-wei (d. 680), 167 Chih-yen (602-668), 10,3 1, Ill, 182
Ch 'ih-hsiu Po-chang ch 'ing-kuei ("Imperial Recension of the Pure Regulations of Po-chang"), 157
Chin'gak Hyesim (1178-1234), 218
Ching-chiieh (683-750), 105, 109-110
Ching-hsien (660-723), 116 Ching-te ch'uan-teng lu ("Record of the Transmission of the Lamp [compiled in] the Ching-te Period"), 123
Ching-ying Hui-yiian (523-592),o n conventional truth, 190
Ch 'ing Kuan-shih-yin hsiao-fu tu hai t'o-loni ching, 72, 73
Ch 'ing Kuan-yin repentance, 64,7 2-75; affinity with sui-tzu-i, 79-80; meditative discernment, 73-74; recitation of dhiiral)l, 74
Chin-kang san-mei ching, 113
Chin kuang-ming ching. See
Suvarnaprabhiisottama-siltra
Chinul (1158-1210), 12; biography of, 199202;f irst approach to meditation,2 07210;o utline of meditation methods,2 02203;s econd approach to meditation,
210-213;sudden/gradual,203-207 Chodang chip. See Tsu-t'ang chi
Ch'ont'ae, 200. See also T'ien t'ai
Ch'uan-ao ta-shih (d.u.), 230-231
Ch 'uan fa-pao chi ("Record of Transmitting the Jewel of the Dharma"), 118
Chuang Tzu, 112
Ch'u-chin (698-759),1 21
Chiieh-i san-mei. See Cultivating sam ad hi wherever mind is directed
Chiieh-i san-mei hsing-fa: last two phases of mental activation, 78-79; role of six perfections, 83; restriction on use of suitzu-i, 82
Ch'ung-hsiian tsung. See Double Mystery School
"Collection of the Son School's Verses of Critique." See Sonmun YOmsong chip
"Collection Outlining Various Scriptures and Treatises Regarding Methods of Contemplating the Buddha and Rebirth in the Pure Land, A." See Liieh chuching-lun nien-fo fa-men wang-sheng ching-t'u chi
Commentary on the Heart Siltra (Po-jo polo-mi-lo hsin ching yu-tsan), 30
"Commentary on the Treatise on Being Reborn in the Pure Land." See Wangsheng-lun chu
Complete and Sudden Attainment of Buddha hood, The (Wondon Songbullon),
211
Constantly sitting sam adh i (ch 'ang-tso, san-mei), 54-58. See also One-practice samadhi
Constantly walking samiidhi (ch 'ang-hsing san-mei), 58-61; affinity with sui-tzu-i,
79-80
Consummate (nature of existence) (parinispanna), 34
Contemplating the mind. See Kuan-hsin
Contemplation of phenomena. See Shihkuan
Contemplation of principle. See Li-kuan Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks.
See Hsii kao-seng chuan
Conventional truth (saf!lvrti), 190
Council of Tibet,1 15
Course of ease and bliss, The (an-lo hsing),
67,70-71
Cultivating samiidhi through neither walking nor sitting (fei-hsing fei-tso), 72-84,
137. See also Sui-tzu-i
Cultivating samadhi wherever mind is directed (chiieh-i san-mei), 75-76, 137. See also Sui-tzu-i
Cultural context,a s factor in understanding
Zen,2-3
 
Index
Dasabhiimika [siitra] vibhtisa. See Shih-chu pi-p 'o-sha tun
Demieville, Paul,1 18; discussion of pirate incident of Hsiian-tsang, 24
Denjutsu isshin kaimon, 116
Dependent (nature of existence) (paratantra), 34
Dharanl: definition,6 3-64; and influence of Tantrism on Northern Ch'an,1 15-
116; of six syllable phrases, 74-75
Dharma, approach by Chinul, 203-204
Dharmadhatu, 215, 222,2 26, 229-230;
Hwaom's contemplation of, 201; and nature origination, 212; as object of onepractice samadhi, 55-57, 100-103, 105, 165; as object of perfect sudden practice, II, 142; Tu-shun's threefold discernment of, 31-32; unimpeded conditioned origination of,2 11
Dhyana,1 7; connection with bhavana,1 920; definition,1 8; discursus on, 207-208; five kinds,1 80-181; as meaning of ch 'an,
3. See also Ch'an; Samtipatti; Zen
Diamond Siitra, 107-108,1 65; appealed to byHui-jih, 171
Discernment (kuan), vs. visualization, 3436. See also Five-level discernment of vijnaptimtitratti; Kuan; Vipasyana
Discernment of mind,a nd success of suitzu-i, 81
Discernment of Principle. See Li-kuan
Dismissing the false-preserving the real
(ch' ien-hsii ts'un-shih), 32
Dismissing the phenomenal aspects-realizing the true nature (ch 'ien-hsiang chenghsing), 33-34
Dogen (1200-1253), 118, 152; and Tsoch 'an i, 154n
Dosen (702-760). See Tao-hsiian
Double Mystery School, 112
Dream kings (meng-wang), 62
East Asian Buddhism,v s. Chinese Buddhism, 199
East Mountain School, 105; definition of keeping the One, 113; as heir of Lailktivattira, 110; similar to T sung-tse's
approach,1 39
Ecstatic introversion,2 7
Eisai. See Yosai
Ektigratti. See One-pointed concentration
Ektiktira-samtidhi, I 00. See also One-practice samadhi
Ekavyiiha-samtidhi, 54, 100,1 40. See also
One-practice samadhi
"Embroidered Cap of the Avatamsaka." See Hua-yen chin-kuan
Encouragement to Practice, An: The Compact of the Samtidhi and Prajnti Community (Kwonsu Chonghye kyo/sa mun),
207
Enni Ben'en (1202-1280),1 52 Ennin (794-864), 182
Enstatic introversion,2 7
Esoteric Buddhism (Chen-yen), 53, 178. See also Tantrism
Essay on Vijnaptimatra (Wei-shih chang),
30
Essence (Ch. t'i; K. ch'e)/function (Ch. yung; K. yong), 146,2 08
Essential Approaches to Recollecting the Buddha (YOm but yomun}, 229
"Essential Teaching of Entering the Way T hrough Sudden Awakening." See Tunwu yao-men
"Essentials of Dhyana." See Ch 'an-yao
"Essentials of Sudden Awakening." See Tun-wu yao-men
"Essentials of the Cultivation of the Mind." See Hsiu-hsin yao tun
Excerpts from the Dharma Collection and Special Practice Record with Personal Notes (Popchip pyorhaeng nok choryo pyongip sagi), 204,218,230-231
Excerpts from the Exposition of the New
[Translation of the] Avatamsaka Siitra
(Hwaom-non choryo}, 201-202,2 31
"Expanded Scripture on the Inscrutable
State of the Buddhas, the Tathagatas, T he." See Ta-fang-kuang fo ju-lai pu-ssui ching-chieh ching
Exposition of the New [Translation of the]
Avatamsaka Siitra (Hsin Hua-yen ching tun), 202, 210
Fa. See Dharma
Faljen distinction, 234n Fa-chao (d.u.), 121, 174 Fa-chih (635-702), 167
Fa-chii ching, Ill
Fa-chung,6 1
Fa-hsiang, 15-39; as bridge between Chinese and Indian forms of practice,6 ; classified as quasi-Mahayana teaching,
10; as less sinified form of Buddhism, 5-
6
Fa-hua ch' an-fa. See Lotus repentance
Fa-hua hsiian-i ("Abstruse Meaning of the Lotus Siitra), 42n, 51
Fa-hua san mei. See Lotus samadhi
Fa-hua san-mei ch' an i, 68-69
Faith and understanding (meditation approach),210-213
Fa-ju (d. 689),1 18
Fa-lang (507-581),2 07
Fang-teng repentance,6 1-67; that accords with principle (li ch' an-hui), 66; affinity with sui-tzu-i, 79-80; based solely on
phenomenal activities (shih ch 'an-hui), 66; ceremony, 62; chambers for, 62; daily regimen, 62-63; dharai:Ji,6 3; minimum length, 91n; removal of obstructions, 66-
67; two approaches, 66
Fang-/eng san-mei hsing-fa, 61-62, 63, 65-
66
Fang-/eng t'o-lo-ni ching, 61,62
Fan-nao chang. See Obstruction of vexation
Fan-wang ching, 116
Fa-tsang (643-712), 10, 125n,1 33,2 10; as contrasted with Li T'ung-hsiian, 210-
211; fivefold scheme, 184
Fa-yiin Fa-hsiu (1027-1090), 131, 149
Fei-hsi (d.u.), 11-12, 121; defense of Pure Land, 190-192; dialectic of, 174-179
Fei-hsing fei-tso. See Cultivating samadhi through neither walking nor sitting
Fen-yang Shan-chao (947-1024),2 16-
217
Five contemplations for stilling the mind
(wu-1 'ing-hsin-kuan), 31; discussed by
Chih-i, 42n
"Five Expedient Methods." See Wu fangpien men
Fivefold repentance. See Five penances
Five-level discernment of vijiiaptimiitratii,
30-34; derivation and origin, 30-31 Five penances (wu-hui), 69 Fo-kuo Wei-po,1 48
Fourfold Teachings, 181-182
Four kinds of sam adh i (ssu-chung san-mei), 48-49; Chih-i's definition,4 9; common set of principles, 84-85; in Hui-ssu's works, 51; significance of, 52-53; works containing descriptions of practices, 53-
54
Four phases (or marks) of mental activation
(ssu yiin hsin hsiang), 77
Four upside-down views,8
Fu Hsi. See Fu ta-shih
Function (Ch. yung; K. yong). See Essence/ function
"Further Record of the Lamp, from the Chien-chung Ching-kuo Era." See Chienchung ching-kuo hsii teng lu
Fu ta-shih (497-569), 112; keeping the One,
113
"Gateway of the Five Expedient Methods for Contemplating the Buddha, The."
See Wu fang-pien nien-fo men
Gathering in the Extensions-returning to the source (she-mo kuei-pen), 33
Gazing at the mind. See K'an-hsin
General Preface, 108, 124,1 45
General Preface to the Collected Writings on the Sources of Ch' an (Ch 'an-yiian chu-ch 'iian-chi tu-hsii). See General
Preface
Gijo (1796-1858), 104
Gradual (chien), II; as based on upiiya, 118; Chinul's interpretation, 205; as second rate Buddhism,1 44. See also Sudden; Sudden/gradual controversy
Gradual/sudden. See Sudden/gradual controversy
"Greater [Treatise on] Calming and Discernment." See Mo-ho chih-kuan Guarding the mind (shou-hsin), 141
Gui:Jabhadra (394-468), 114, 124 Gyohyo (722-797), 119
Haeo. See Understanding/awakening
Heart of Buddhist Meditation, The (Nyanaponika Thera),7
Heart Siitra, 164-165; commentary by K'uei-chi, 30; echoed by Fei-hsi,
178
Hermeneutics: Chinese understanding of Buddhism, 4-5; interpretation by Westerners of East Asian Buddhist mind, 4-5
Hirai Shun'ei,1 01
Hoe'gwang panjo. See Tracing back the radiance
Honen (1133-1212), 174
Hongaku shiso (theory of intrinsic enlightenment), 9-10
Ho-tse School, 203
Hou-mo-ch'en Yen. See Chih-ta
Hsiang-erh, 113
Hsiao chih-kuan ("Lesser [Treatise on] Calming and Discernment "),1 32; as first practical meditation manual, 133; as
source for Tso-ch 'an i, 133
Hsin Hua-yen ching tun. See Exposition of the New [Translation of the] Avatamsaka Siitra
Hsiu-ch'an ssu, 86n
Hsiu-cheng i. See Yiian-chiieh ching hsiucheng i
Hsiu-hsin yao tun ("Essentials of the Cultivation of the Mind "), 139-140
Hsiian-shih (d.u.), 167
Hsiian-tsang (602-664): attainment of supreme perfect enlightenment, 23; catalog of good works, 23; incident with pirates,2 3-24; learning of visualization techniques, 41; pilgrimage, 22-23
Hsiian-tse (d.u.), 110
Hsii kao-seng chuan ("Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks "), 177
Huai-jang, 147
Huai-kan (d.u.), 121
Hua-1 'ou meditation, 130. See also Hwadu meditation
Hua-yen ching hsing-yiian p' in shu, 185
Index
Hua-yen ching hsing-yuan p' in shu ch 'ao,
185
Hua-yen-ching k'ung-mu-chang, 42n
Hua-yen ching sui-shu yen-i-ch 'ao, 182
Hua-yen chin-kuan, 230-231
Hua-yen fa-chieh kuan-men, 31 Hui-an (d. 708), 110 Hui-chen (673-751), 121
Hui-ch'eng (d.u.), 50-51
Hui-ch'ou (480-560), 124
Hui-hai. See Ta-chu Hui-hai
Hui-jih (680-748), 121, 122-123, 169-174 Hui-k'o, 177
Hui-neng (638-713), 3, 105, 107, 120, 146
Hui-ssu (515-577), 137; basic model of twenty-one day Lotus repentance, 71; manuals for cultivating samadhi, 54; passed on sui-tzu-i to Chih-i, 75; prominence of tathiigatagarbha doctrine, 9; twenty-one day Lotus repentance, 70; use of samadhi cultivating techniques,
50-51
Hui-ta. See Chih-ta
Hui-ta ho-shang tun-chiao pi-mi hsin-ch 'i ch 'an-men fa ("Secret Method of Master Hui-ta"), 115
Hung-ching (634-692), 121
Hung-chou/Lin-chi doctrine, 206-207
Hung-chou School, 124
Hung-jen (601-674), 9, 105, 114-115, 139-
140, 167, 217 Hu Shih, 3, 118
Hwadu meditation, 200, 210-211, 216-226; investigating the idea, 220-223; investigating the word, 220-223
Hwaom-non choryo. See Excerpts from the Exposition of the New [Translation of the) Avatamsaka Siltra
Hwaom School, 200. See also Hua-yen School
Hyesim, 218-219
1-fu (658-736), 114, 116
Ignatius, Saint, 16
1-hsin chieh. See One mind precept
1-hsing (683-727), 116
1-hsing san-mei. See One practice samadhi
Imaginary (nature of existence) (parikalpita), 34
Imje, 217
Immutability (K. pulbyon; Ch. pu-pien),
204
"Imperial Recension of the Pure Regulations of Po-chang." See Ch 'ih-hsiu Pochang ch' ing-kuei
Indian Buddhism, and upiiya, 189-190
Insight meditation. See Bare awareness
Interpretative mapping, pitfalls of, 36-37
Invocation of Buddha's name. See Nien-fo len/fa distinction, 234n Jhiina,40n
Jneyavarana,92n,221
Ju-lai ch 'an. See Meditation of the Tathagata
Just sitting. See Shikan taza
K'an-hsin, 114-116, 122
K'an-hua, 129-130, 153. See also Hwadu meditation
Kanhwa kyorwi ron. See Resolving Doubts about Observing the Hwadu Kanna. See K'an-hua. Kasina, 27
Kechimyakufu, 105, 119
Keeping the One. See Shou-i
Keizan (1268-1325), 152
Kensho. See Seeing the nature Klesiivarana, 92n
Koan. See Kung-an
Koan study, 129-130. See also Hwadu meditation
Kojo (779-858), 116
Kong-an. See Kung-an
Kongjok yongji. See Numinous awareness
Kuan: different from zazen techniques, 21; different meanings of, 34-36; as meaning both visualization and discernment, 21, 30; as ongoing, transitional activity, 39.
See also Vipasyana
Kuan-hsin, 114-116, 145
Kuan-hsin fun ("Treatise on Contemplating the Mind"), by Shen-shiu, 106, 114
Kuan-hsin tun ("Treatise on Discerning the Mind"), by Chih-i, 51
Kuan-hsin tun shu, 77; account of onepractice samadhi, 57
Kuan p'u-hsien p'u-sa hsing-fa ching: basis of Lotus samadhi, 67; translator, 92n
Kuan-ting (561-632), 77, 86n, 89n; defines perfect sudden, II, 142
Kuan wu-liang-shou ching ("Meditation on the Buddha of Infinite Life Sutra"), 172
Kuan-yin. See Avalokite5vara
Kuei-feng Tsung-mi (780-841), 108, 124, 133, 145; account of Pao-t'ang school, 3; adoption of Hua-yen metaphysics, 9; doctrine of mind, 186; four categories, 185; literary review, 233-234n; similes used by Chin ul, 205; three teachings of Ch'an, 186-187; used by Chinul, 200
Kuei-shan ching-ts'e ("Kuei-shan's Admonishing Stick"), 188
"Kuei-shan's Admonishing Stick." See
Kuei-shan ching-ts'e
Kuei-shan Ling-yu (771-853), criticizes Ch'an monks, 188
K'uei-chi (632-682): five level discernment,
6, 32-35; Maitreya cult practice, 29
Kumarajlva (344-413), 58,1 64; introduces
ahayana ideas,1 01
Kung-an, 217. See also Hwadu meditation
Kuo-ch 'ing poi-lu, 45,4 7; authorship,8 6n; description of meditation amidst activities of recitation,c ircumambulation, and
sitting, 65
Kuo-ch'ing ssu, 86n
Kwonsu Chonghye Kyo/sa mun. See
Encouragement to Practice, An: The Compact of the Samiidhi and Prajfiii
Community
Kyo/Son,2 01; Chinul's synthesis,2 29-231
Lan-ch'i Tao-lung {1213-1278), !52
Larikiivatiira Sutra, 119 Lao Tzu, 112
Leng-ch 'ieh pao-chi ching, quoted by Feihsi,1 75
Leng-ch 'ieh shih-tzu chi ("Record of the asters and Disciples of the Larikiivatiira"), 99, 105,1 07, 117-118,1 39-140, 166-167; esoteric teaching,1 16; Kung-an practices,2 17; one-practice samadhi,
109-112
"Lesser [Treatise on] Calming and Discernment." See Hsiao Chih-kuan
Li. See Principle/phenomena
Lilshih. See Principle/phenomena
Li chih-fa, 45-47; principles of guiding regulations, 47
Lien-hua sheng-hui lu wen ("Record of the Lotus Assembly"),1 49-150
Li Hua, 121
Li-kuan, 10,84-85, 100-101, 104, 165
Lin-chi, See Imje
Li-nien, 106,1 81, 182
Li-tai fa pao chi ("Record of the Generations of the Dharma Treasure"),1 46-147
Li T 'ung-hsiian (635-730): background,
210-211; used by Chinul,2 00
Liu-ken ch 'an-hui. See Repentance of six senses
Lokaksema,5 8; disputed translator of Panchou san-mei ching, 90n
Lotus repentance (Fa-hua ch 'an fa): as alternate name for Lotus samadhi, 67; similar tofang-teng repentance, 70
Lotus samadhi (fa-hua san-mei), 48, 67-72; affinity with sui-tzu-i, 79-80; connection with nien-fo samadhi,1 22, 179; practice of,68-69
Lotus Satra: basis of Lotus samadhi,6 7; quoted by Fei-hsi, 178; recitation during
Lotus samadhi, 69-70
Liieh chu-ching-lun nien-fo fa-men wangsheng ching-t 'u chi ("A Collection Outlining Various Scriptures and Treatises Regarding ethods of Contemplating
the Buddha and Rebirth in the Pure Land"), 169-170
Lu-shan Hui-yiian (344-416), 174
Lu-shan lien-/sung pao-chien ("Precious irror of the Lotus School of Lushan"), 149
ahasthamaprapta (Ta-shih-chih), 73, 173
Mahiiyiina-saf!lgraha, 31
aitreya visualization, 22-30; objective,
28; and other Chinese visualization texts,
26; as possible devotional cult practice,
37
aiijusri,a s object of visualization,2 2
ao-shan School, 112
a-tsu. See a-tsu Tao-i
a-tsu Tao-i (709-788),1 09, 146, 147
editation: Chinul's first approach, 207210; as concept in history of religions, 16; defined by Westerners, 16; difficulty in defining,1 5-16; doctrinal context, 6; as main activity of Zen monk,1 29; related to ethical realm, 3; in Sanskrit technical vocabulary, 17; technical term in Buddhist vocabulary, 17
editation hall,i n T 'ien-t'ai, 46
editation of the Tathagata (ju-lai ch 'an),
143
"Meditation on the Buddha of Infinite Life
SOtra." See Kuan wu-liang-shou ching
Meditation School, 129-130,1 44
Meditation technique: first extant Zen account,1 41; varieties in Fa-hsiang,3 5
Meditative practice: resulting insight, 38; systematic synthesis by Chih-i,1 0
Meng-wang. See Dream kings
Miao-fa lien-hua ching. See Lotus Satra
Middle way,6 4
Mindfulness (P. sati), 7
Mindfulness of Buddha. See Nien-fo
"Mirror of Devotion to [[[Amitabha]]) Buddha,A ." See Nien-fo ching Mo-chao, 130, 153
Mo-ho chih-kuan ("[Treatise on] the Great
Calming and Discernment"),4 2n, 49, 51, 132; Chih-i's views of four kinds of samadhi,8 5-86; performance of onepractice samadhi,5 5, 102-103; preface by Kuan-ting, II; term sui-tzu-i, 76-77; theory of samatha-vipasyana,1 01; warning against abuse of sui-tzu-i, 81-82
Mo-ho t 'an ch 'ih t 'o-lo-ni, 63 Mo-ho-yen, 115
Muhon Kakushin {1207-1297), !52
Musang. See Wu-hsiang Musim. See No-mind
Nagao Gadjin, 190
Nagarjuna,5 8, 164
Index
Naisho buppo kechimyakufu. See Kechimyakufu
Nan-t'i,7 2
Nan-yiian Hui-yung (d. 930),2 16-217
Naong Hyegun (1320-1376), 218
New Buddhism of the Sui/T'ang Period,5
Nien-fo: and Ch'eng-kuan,1 85; in Chinul,
228-229; in constantly walking samadhi, 60; and Hui-jih, 170-171,1 73-174; as identical with no-thought,1 76; as jeweled king samadhi, 177; in Lengch 'ieh shih-tzu chi, 166-167; in one-practice samadhi, 56-57,1 00, 104,1 17; perceived by Fei-hsi, 192; and Tsung-mi, 185-186; and Tsung-tse, 149-150; in Wen-shu shuo ching, 55,100,165-166
Nien-fo ching ("A Mirror of Devotion to
Amitabha Buddha"), 104, 176
Nien-fo samadhi: five methods, 182-183; identical to Lotus samadhi, 179
Nien-fo san-mei pao-wang fun ("Treatise on the Contemplation of the Buddha as the Jewel King of Meditation"), 175
Nirmal)arati heaven, 26
Nirvana Sutra, 8,1 16 Niu-t'ou School. See Ox-head School
No mind,2 26-228
Non-abiding (wu-chu), in Platform Sutra, 3 Northern School, 105; Bodhisattva Precepts,1 16; four currents of thought, 120121; Hua-yen basis,1 06; mind contemplation, 115; "sudden" as fundamental teaching, Ill; Tantric influence on meditation practice,1 15; tathtigatagarbha tradition, 106-107; and T'ien-t'ai,1 21, 180-
182
No-thought. See Wu-nien
Numinous awareness,1 46, 214
Nyanaponika Thera, 7
Obstruction of deed or karma (yeh chang),
64
Obstruction of endowment. See Obstruction of reciprocity
Obstruction of reciprocity (pao chang), 64
Obstruction of vexation (fan-nao chang),
64
Ojoraisan monki, 104 Ojoraisan shiki, 104
One/one paradigm, 111-112
One, The, 112
One-mark samadhi (i-hsiang san-mei), 101-
102,1 06, 107
One-mind precept (i-hsin chieh), 113, 116-
117
One-pointed concentration or attentiveness
(ektigratti), 19,2 2, 27
One-practice samadhi: in Awakening of Faith, 101-102; in Ch'an School, 105-
109; correspondence with Sudden Teaching, Ill; as criticism of Northern Ch'an practice,1 20; as defined in Ta-chih-tu tun, 55; definition given by Wen-shu shuo ching, 55, 101,1 65-166; equivalents, 112-118; evolution of concept,1 00-109; exclusive/eclectic aspect,1 23; as onemark samadhi,1 01-102, 107; in Platform Sutra, 107, 120; practice of, 54-58; purport,1 18-125; as reaction against T'ien-t'ai doctrine,9 9; redefinition,1 03104; sectarian background, 118-125; sources of, 54-55; treatment by Chih-i,
102-103; in Tso-ch 'an i tradition,1 40
Ono Gemmyo, 169
Original mind (pen-hsin), 141 Ox-head School,1 16
Paiicavimsati. See Ta-p'in ching
Paiicavimsatistihasrikti-prajiilipliramitlisiltra ("Sutra of the Perfection of Wisdom in 25,000 Lines"). See Ta-p'in ching
Pan-chou san-mei. See Constantly walking samadhi
Pan-chou san-mei ching, 58, 60
P'an Shih-chen, 112
Pao chang. See Obstruction of reciprocity Pao-p'u-tzu, 112 Pao-t'ang School,3
Paramartha. See Ultimate truth
Paramiti, 132
Paranirmitavasavartl heaven, 26
Para/antra. See Dependent (nature of existence)
Paravahera Vajiraiial)a, Mahathera,1 8
Parikalpita. See Imaginary (nature of existence)
Parinispanna. See Consummate (nature of existence)
Partly sitting and partly walking samadhi,
61-72
Pelliot,P aul, 113
Pen-hsin. See Original mind
Perfection of Wisdom (prajiilipliramitti),
164-165; dialectical balance, 11-12,1 87; interpretation of Pure Land, I 76
Perfect sudden (yuan-tun), I I, 142
Pieh ch 'ang ch 'an-hui. See Repentance in a separate sanctuary
Pieh hsing. See Practice [in a hall] apart from others
Platform Siltra, 107, 108,1 26n, 143,1 46, 168,203,2 07; aim of, 120; criticism of sitting without moving, 3; cultivation of samadhi and prajiia, 208; on tso-ch' an,
3, 140
Po-chang (720-814),1 31-132, 147
Po-chang ch' ing-kuei. See "Pure Regulations of Po-chang"
 
Po-chang Huai-hai. See Po-chang
Po-jo po-lo-mi-to hsin ching yu-tsan. See Commentary on the Heart Sutra
Pop. See Dharma
P6pchip py6rhaeng nok ch6ryo py6ngip sagi. See Excerpts from the Dharma Collection and Special Practice Record with
Personal Notes
Practice [in a hall] apart from others (pieh hsing), 48
Prajiia: cultivated by Chinul, 207-210; inherent in the mind, 139; relationship with samadhi, 139
Pra)fiiipiiramilii. See Perfection of Wisdom
Pratyutpanna-buddha-saf!lmukhiivasthitasamiidhi, 61
Pratyutpanna samadhi. See Constantly walking samadhi
Pratyutpannasamiidhi-siltra. See Pan-chou san-mei ching
"Precious Mirror of the Lotus School of Lu-shan ." See Lu-shan lien-/sung paochien
Principle (/i)/phenomena (shih), 172, 193; applied tofang-teng repentance, 64; applied by Fei-hsi, 175-176, 191; applied to Lotus samadhi, 70; applied to onepractice samadhi, 104; connection with
sudden/gradual polarity, II; and fivelevel contemplation of vijfiaplimiitralii, 31; interpenetration of, 8, 110-112, 185
"Principles of Seated Meditation." See Tsoch' an i
P'u ching li, 93n
Pulby6n. See Immutability Pu-pien. See Immutability
Pure Land: Ch'an attacks on, 164-169; defended by Fei-hsi, 190-192; definition of i-hsing san-mei, 104; definition, 163; devotionalism advocated by Hui-jih, 170-174; importance of nien-fo, II; interpretation of one-practice samadhi, 122; multidimensional, 193; one-practice samadhi, 121; rejected by Northern and Southern Ch'an, 168; Shansi movement,
172, 183; three branches of, 174
Pure Land devotee, contrasted with Ch'an practitioner, 172-173
"Pure Regulations of Po-chang," 132
"Pure Regulations of the Zen Preserve."
See Ch 'an-yiian ch' ing-kuei P'u-tu, 149
Rahula, Walpola, 19
Rankei Doryu. See Lan-ch'i Tao-lung Ratnagotravibhiiga, 8
Rebirth in Tuita Heaven, 28
Recitation of the Buddha's name. See Nienfo
Index
Recollection of the Buddha's name. See
Nien-fo
"Record of Rebirth in Pure Land." See
Wang-sheng ching-t'u chi
"Record of the Lotus Assembly." See Lienhua sheng-hui lu wen
"Record of the Masters and Disciples of the Lailkiivatiira." See Leng-ch' ieh shih-tzu
chi
"Record of the Transmission of the Lamp
[compiled in] the Ching-te Period." See
Ching-fe ch 'uan-teng lu
"Record of the Transmitting of the Jewel of the Dharma." See Ch 'uan fa-pao chi
Records of Ta-hui (Ta-hui yii-lu), 203; read by Chinul, 216
Religious life, modes in T'ien-t'ai community, 46
Relinquishing the diffuse-retaining the pure (she-/an liu-ch 'un), 32
Repentance in a separate santuary (pieh ch 'ang ch' an-hui), 48
Repentance of six senses (liu-ken ch 'anhui), 67, 69-70
Resolving Doubts A bout Observing the
Hwadu (Kanhwa ky6rili ron), 218,
223
Ryochu (1199-1287), 104
Saicho, 119-120
Sakyamuni Buddha, as devotional object,
22
Samadhi, 17; cultivated by Chi nul, 207210; cultivating techniques, 49-50; definition, 49, 102, 207-208; more general than dhyana, 18-19; not as end in itself in Tso-ch 'an i, 138; relationship with prajiia, 139; term for resultant state, 19; two
meanings, 48. See also One-practice samadhi
Samadhi of awareness of mind (chiieh-i san-mei). See Cultivating samadhi wherever mind is directed
Samapalli, 17, 18, 26, 4ln, 138. See also Dhyana
Samatha, 17; as part of dhyana, 18; relation to vipasyana, 38-39, 101
Samhy6n-mun. See Three mysterious gates Saf!lvrti. See Conventional truth
San-hsiian men. See Three mysterious gates
San-hsiieh. See Three disciples
San-kuan i ("The Meaning of the Three
Discernments"), 51 Sal/. See Mindfulness
Sato Tetsuei, 179, 182
Seated meditation (tso-ch 'an; zazen): admitted as a joint practice, 122-123; defined by Sixth Patriarch, 3; origin, 130-131; practice of, 146-147
Index
"Secret Method of Master Hui-ta." See Hui-ta ho-shang tun-chiao pi-mi hsinch' i ch 'an-men fa
Secrets on Cultivating the Mind (Susim KyoO. 204-205,207
Seeking the Nature (Ch. chien-hsing; J. kenshO), 9
Sekiguchi Shindai,1 33, 141
Seng-ch'ou. See Hui-ch'ou
Seng-ts'an (d. 606), 121
Sensory withdrawal, 27
Shan-tao (613-681), 104, 133, 169, 172, 174
She-/an /iu-ch' un. See Relinquishing the diffuse-retaining the pure
She-mo Kuei-pen. See Gathering in the extensions-returning to the source
Shen-hsiu (606-706), 105-106, 107, 114,
145
Shen-hui (684-758), 107,2 08; close gap between spiritual exercise and goal,1 44-
145
Shih. See Principle/phenomena
Shih ch 'an po-lo-mi tz 'u-ti fa-men ("Elucidation of the Successive Dharma Gates of Perfection of Dhyana"), 51
Shih-chu pi-p'o-sha fun, 58,6 0, 90n
Shih-kuan, 100-101,1 04, 165 Shih-tzu ch' i-tsu fang-pien wu-men ("The
Five Types of Upaya According to the
Seven Patriarchs"),1 15
Shih-yiian tz 'u-lon, 121
Shikan shiki, 103 Shikan taza, 130
Shortcut approach, 219
Shoshin (ff. 1164-1204), 103
Shou-chen. See Shou-chih
Shou-chih (700-770), I 06,1 16
Shou-hsin. See Guarding the mind
Shou-i (keeping the One), 112-114
Shou-leng-yen san-mei ching. See Surwigamasamiidhi-silrl a
Shun-tsung, 151
Sik$ananda,1 06
Silent illumination. See Mo-chao
Sinification, 5
Six coverings or obscurations, 82-83
Six perfections,8 3
Sixth Patriarch. See Hui-neng Skillful means. See Upaya
Son,1 99-200; definition, 207-208. See also Ch'an; Zen
Son/Kyo, Chinul's synthesis of,2 29-231
Sonmun yomsong chip ("Collection of the Son School's Verses of Critique"),2 18; description,2 39n
Southern School: criticism of upaya, 143144; one-practice samadhi, 107; opposed
by Hui-jih,1 73-174
Srlmiilii SiUra, 8
Ssu-chiao i ("The Meaning of the Four Teachings"), 51
Ssu-chung san-mei. See Four kinds of samadhi
Ssu-ming Chih-li (d. ca. 1023), 114
Ssu-ming Pao-ying, 174
Ssu yiin hsin hsiang. See Four phases or marks of mental activation
Sthiramati,1 90
Straightforward mind,1 07 Straight Talk on the True Mind, 227
Subhakarasimha (537-735), 116
Substance (t'i)/function (yung). See Essence/function
Sudden (tun), II; Chinul's view of, 205; criticized,1 17; problems with, 143
Sudden/gradual controversy, 118,1 19, 142-143; beginnings, 126n; and exclusive/eclectic aspects, 123; principal challenge,2 06-207; spiritual development by Chinul,2 03-207; in Tao-hsin,1 14; and tracing the radiance,2 15-216
Sudden awakening (tun-wu), 115, 123, 200; as redefinition of one-practice samadhi,
100
Sudden awakening/gradual cultivation (Ch. tun-wu chien-hsiu; K. tonso chomsu), 142, 145, 203-207
Sudden teaching, 123; corresponds to onepractice samadhi, Ill; definition, 2; in
Southern School of Ch 'an, II. See also
Zen
Sui-tzu-i, II, 75-84, 137; affinity with other repentances, 79-80; description of suraligamasamadhi, 84; four categories, 77; preparatory disciplines, 82; restrictions on use, 82; seductive appeal of, 81; tasks confronting practitioner, 78-79; as unique form of practice, 80. See also Cultivating samadhi wherever mind is
directed
Sui-tzu-i san-mei. See Sui-tzu-i Sui-yiian. See Adaptability Sung-bae Park, 222-223 Siingnang (ca. 494), 207
Suppressing the subordinate-manifesting the superior (yin-liieh hsien-sheng),
33
Supreme vehicle (wu-shang sheng), 143 Suraligamasamadhi, 84
Silraligamasamiidhi-sutra (Shou-leng-yen san-mei ching), 75,1 32; on morality,
187
Suraligama-siltra, 96n; as source for Tsoch 'an-i, 132
Susim Kyo/. See Secrets on Cultivating the Mind
"Siitra Concerning the Ultimate Foundation." See Wu-shang-iching
Suvarnaprabhiisottama-siitra (Chin kuangming ching), 88n
Suy6n. See Adaptability Suzuki, D. T., 115
Svasaf!lvittibhiiga, 33
Ta-chih-tu-lun, 54-55,5 8, 164,1 86; definition of chueh-i san-mei, 76; definition of dharal)f,6 3-64; on samadhi, 49, 102
Ta-chu Hui-hai (d.u.),1 09, 147
T'aego Pou (1301-1382), 218, 23ln Ta-fang-kuang fo ju-lai pu-ssu-i ching-chieh ching ("Expanded Scripture on the
Inscrutable State of the Buddhas,t he
Tathagatas"),2 28
Ta fang-/eng I 'o-/o-ni ching: alternative title, 91n ; removal of obstruction of vexation, 67
Ta-hui. See Ta-hui Tsung-kao Ta-hui Tsung-kao (1089-1163): 190-191; (hua-1' ou) technique, 217; short cut approach,2 00
Ta-hui yu-lu. See Records of Ta-hui
T'ang Buddhism,p olarities within, II
T'an-luan (ca. 488-ca. 554), 172; on rebirth,1 89
Tantrism, 115-116, 121. See also Esoteric Buddhism T'an yu, 144
Tao-ch'o (562-645), 104, 169, 172,1 74; on rebirth, discrimination,a nd attachment,
189
Tao-hsin (580-651), 9,1 05, 139-140; ideas in Leng-ch' ieh shih-tz u chi, 167; keeping the One, 113; on nien-fo, 117
Tao-hsiian (Dosen) (596-667), 133
Tao-hsiian (702-760), I 06
T'ao Hung-ching (456-536),1 12
Ta-pao-chi ching, 182
Ta-p' in ching (Paiicavif!lsati), 54,7 6, 137,
166
Ta-shih-chih. See Mahasthamaprapta
Tathiigatagarbha, 8, 183; central to all schools of New Buddhism, 9; and North­
ern Ch'an, 106; and Tsung-mi,1 86 Ta-t' ang hsi-yu chi, 40n
Ta-t' ang ta-tz'u-en-ssu san-lsang-fa-shih chuan, 40n
Ta-t sang i-lan, 131; includes T so-ch' an i, 151
Ten faiths, 212-213
Teresa of Avila, Saint, 16
Three disciplines (san-hsueh), 138
Three marks of existence,7 -8
Three mysterious gates, 223-226
T'i. See Essence/function
T 'ien-shih. See Celestial Masters
T'ien-t'ai Chih-i. See Chih-i
T'ien-t'ai community, three modes of religious life,4 6
Index
T'ien-1' ai hsiao chih-kuan. See Hsiao chihkuan
T ing shih-fei fun, 143,1 44 Tono-ch6msu. See Sudden awakening/ gradual cultivation
Tracing back the radiance,9 , 213-216 Transcendental Meditation, 16
"Treatise on the Contemplation of the Buddhas as the Jewel King of Meditation."
See Nien-fo san-mei pao-wang fun
Trisvabhiiva theory,3 2
True mind,1 14
Tsan-ning,2 9
T so-ch' an. See Seated meditation
Tso-ch' an i: abbreviated version in Ta-tsang i-lan, 151; compared to Hsiao chih-kuan,
136-137; descriptions and outline,1 34136; heterodox nature,1 34; imitations,
151-152; sources, 132-133; successors,
152-153; translation, 159-161
Ts'ui Kuan,1 15
Tsung-mi. See Kuei-feng Tsung-mi
Tsung-tse. See Ch'ang-lu Tsung-tse
T su-t'ang chi (K. Chodang chip), 107 Tun. See Sudden
Tung-shan Shou-ch'u (?-990),2 21
Tun-wu. See Sudden awakening
Tun-wu chien-hsiu. See Sudden awakening/ gradual cultivation
Tun-wu ju-tao yao men ("Essential Teaching of Entering the Way Through Sudden Awakening"). See Tun-wu yao-men
Tun-wu yao-men ("Essentials of Sudden Awakening"), 108-109, 114, 147
Tu-shun, 31 Tusita Heaven, 25
Tz'u-min. See Hui-jih
Oich'on (1055?-1101),1 21; and Ch'ont'ae School, 200
Ultimate truth (paramiirtha), 190
Understanding/awakening,2 05,207,212,
221
Unrecorded mind (wu-chi hsin), criticized by Hui-jih, 172
Upiiya, 10, 11,99, 110,117,118,143,144,
184,1 89
Vajropamasamiidhi, 142
sana, 205,209,213 Vasubandhu,29
Vajrabodhi (669-741), 116
Vimalakfrti,u pbraids Sariputra,3
VimalakTrti Siitra, 107,1 17, 165,1 66, 242n Vipassanii. See Vipasyana
Vipasyana, 17; definition, 6-7; examples, 6-7; methodological embodiment of Buddhist world view, 6; as part of dhyana,1 8; relation to samatha, 38-39. See
Index
also Five-level discernment of vijnaptimatr ata
Vipasyaml meditation, in Hsiao chih-kuan, 137
Visualization: vs. discernment, 34-36; exercises, 22-30; procedure of Hsiian-tsang,
25
Wang-sheng ching-t 'u chi ("Record of Rebirth in Pure Land"), 122
Wang-sheng-lun chu ("Commentary on the
Treatise on Being Reborn in the Pure Land"), 189
Wei-shih chang, 30
Wen-shu-shih-li so-shuo po-jo po-lo-mi ching, 55; cited by Chi h-i as authority for one-practice samadhi, I 0-11; locus classicus of i-hsing san-mei, 89n, 100; quoted by Fei-hsi, 176; two approaches to meditative practice, 55-57; used in early separation ofCh'an and Pure Land, 165-
166
Wen-shu-shih-li wein ching, 55; meditation of Dharmadhatu, 57-58; source for onepractice samadhi, 89n
Wen-shu shuo ching. See Wen-shu-shih-li so-shuo po-jo po-lo-mi ching
Wen-shu wen ching. See Wen-shu-shih-li wen ching
Wisdom, in Tso-ch'an i, 138-139
Wo-lun, 123-124
W6ndon s6ngbullon. See The Complete and Sudden Attainment of Buddhahood
W6nhyo, 41n
Wu-chi hsin. See Unrecorded mind
Wu-ch' ung wei-shih kuan. See Five-level discernment of vijnaptimatratti
Wu-chu (714-777),1 47
Wu-fang pien, 181, 182
Wu-fang pien men ("Five Expedient Methods"), analysis, 179-185
Wu fang-pien nien-fo, as alternate Pure Land response to Ch'an, 184
Wu fang-pien nien-fo men ("The Gateway of the Five Expedient Methods for Contemplating the Buddha"): analysis, 179185; reaffirming dialect of tranquility and movement, 192; specific contribution of, 192-193
Wu-hsiang (674-762),1 67
Wu-hui. See Five penances
Wu-nien (K. mu'ny6m), 108,1 44, 146, 150,
176,177,191,203,215,221,226-228
Wu-shang-i ching ("SutraC oncerning the UltimateF oundation"), 190
Wu-shang sheng. See Supreme Vehicle
Wu-sheng fang-pien men ("Treatise on the
Five Upaya"), 106, Ill
Wu-t'ing-hsin-kuan. See Five contemplations for stilling the mind
Wu Tse-t'ien, 105 Wu-wei, 108
Yanagida Seizan, 116,1 31
Yampolsky, Philip, 168
Yang Wei (f. 1067-1091),1 49
Yao-chiieh, 115
Yeh chang. See Obstruction of deed Yen Ping (d. u.), 152
Yen-shou. See Yung-ming Yen-shou
Yin-liieh hsien-sheng. See Suppressing the subordinate-manifesting the superior
Yoga, 17
Yogacarabhumi, 31
Y6mbul. See Nien-fo
Y6mbul yomun. See Essential Approaches to Recollecting the Buddha
Yondam Yuil (1720-1799), 214
Yosai (1141-1215), 120,1 52
Yiian-chao (1048-1116),1 74
Yiian-chiieh ching hsiu-cheng i ("Cultivation andR ealization According to the Perfect Enlightenment Sutra"), as source for Tso-ch 'an i, 132-133 Yiian-feng Ch'ing-man, 149
Yiian-kuei (644-716),1 18
Yiian-tun. See Perfect sudden
Yiian-wu K'o-ch'in (1063-1135),2 16-217
Yii Hsiang (d.u.), 131 Yung. See Essence/function
Yung-ming Yen-shou (904-997) 146,1 74,
187,2 03
YukiR eimon, 5
Zazen. See Seated meditation; Zen meditation
Zen, 18; highest form, 145-146; historical content, 2; lowest form, 145; and nienfo, 150; of SouthernS ung, 148. See also Dhyana; Sudden Teaching
Zen meditation: as archetypical form of East Asian Buddhist meditation, 4; as technique free of cultural impediments, I
Zen movement, maturation, 148-149
"ZenR egulations." See Ch' an-men kueishih