Daily Pūjā (pdf) - Ti-Sarana Buddhist Association

DAILY PŪJĀ 

Table of Contents Pages 

Introduction 2 

Nine Virtues of the Buddha 4 

Offerings 8 

The Three Refuges 13 

The Five Precepts 15 

Homage to the Buddha 16 

Homage to the Dhamma 16 

Homage to the Sangha 17 

Homage to the Bodhi Tree 18 

Salutation to the Three Objects of Veneration 18 

Discourse On Loving Kindness (Metta Sutta) 19 

Sharing of Merit 23 

Blessing to the World 24 

Forgiveness of Shortcomings 25 

Reflection on Aspiration 26 

Reflection on Peace 27 

Reflection on Virtue 28 

Sharing of Merits with Departed Ones (Tirokuḍḍa Sutta) 29 

Hymns on the Three Refuges (Chatta Mānavaka Gāthā) 33 

Special Blessings 34 

Pali Alphabet and Pronunciation 39 

1

Introduction 

This book has been compiled for Buddhist devotees to use as a 

manual for Daily Pūjā and for New Moon and Full Moon Day Pūjā. 

At the beginning, essential salutations to the Buddha are given for 

all participants to utter when offerings are made to the Buddha. 

Devotees then take refuges in the Triple Gem and observe the Five 

Precepts. These are then followed by paying obeisance mentally, to 

the Triple Gem, the Bodhi Tree and the Buddhist Objects of 

Veneration while reciting the stanzas correctly, as given in the 

manual. The observance of Eight Precepts can be done on special 

occasions for; they deal with some restrictions difficult to be 

followed in the daily life of an ordinary layman. 

As Buddhists, in our daily offerings we recite the Metta Sutta with 

due concentration on the theme of the discourse. Loving Kindness is 

to be pervaded to all sentient beings to be free from hatred and envy 

and to be well and happy in this world of conflicts and turmoil. 

Every New and Full Moon Day, devotees recite the Mangala Sutta 

for blessing to be bestowed on all those who live up to the 

requirements given in the discourse. The Ratana Sutta, which deals 

with the merits of the Triple Gem, is to be recited at the New Moon 

and Full Moon Day offering. The discourse is an asseveration on 

Truth and blessing is invoked on the asseverative power of perennial 

Truths embedded in the discourse. In fact, Buddhist chants are not 

talismans or charms which are considered to possess mystic and 

symbolic representations of sounds and letters. The asseverative 

power of Truth when invoked with confidence and determination, 

coupled with one’s moral integrity will result in the fulfillment of 

one’s aspirations. 

2

Sharing of merits generously with devas, nagas, and departed ones is 

a unique Buddhist tradition coming down from the ages. When one 

dedicates merits to the departed on special occasions, the Tirokuḍḍa 

Sutta is to be recited in consideration of the plight of the unhappy 

departed ones. 

Reflections, given in this Daily Pūjā Book, summarize the essential 

character building qualities of a practising Buddhist, engaged in 

inter-social relations in association with individuals of different 

temperaments. 

A Buddhist must always be aware that he is a Buddhist and should 

not allow himself to be swept away by the currents and cross 

currents of society. By uttering the Reflections solemnly, one will be 

able to build up one’s own character in a way compatible with what 

the Buddha expects of His followers. The Chatta Mānavaka Gāthā is 

a fitting conclusion to the Daily Pūjā Book. It deals with the good 

qualities of the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha. The stanzas had 

been taught by the Buddha to a youth called Chatta who was born in 

heaven after his death at the hands of robbers. 

As English translations have been given for the proper 

understanding of the Pali text and for meaningful participation, this 

book will undoubtedly be of immense use for all Buddhists. 

May all beings be well and happy! 

Venerable (Dr.) P. Gnanarama Maha Thero 

Chief Religious Advisor 

Ti-Sarana Buddhist Association 

3

VANDANĀ 

(Salutation to the Buddha) 

All: Homage to Him, the Blessed One, 

The Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened One. 

All: Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammā 

sambuddhassa (Three Times) 

NAVA GUNA GĀTHĀ 

(Nine Virtues of the Buddha) 

All: Our Buddha is an Arahant, a Worthy One, 

An Accomplished One, who does no evil even in secret. 

He is Sammā-sambuddha, the Fully Enlightened One. 

He is Vijjācarana Sampanno – endowed with knowledge 

and virtuous conduct. 

He is Sugata – Sublime in Attainment. 

He is Lokavidū – Knower of all worlds in all aspects. 

He is Anuttaro purisadamma sārathī - the Incomparable 

Leader of men to be tamed. 

He is Satthā – the Teacher of gods and men. 

He is Buddha – the Enlightened One. 

He is Bhagavā – the Blessed and Exalted One. 

Iti’pi so Bhagavā Arahaṃ 

Sammā sambuddho 

Vijjā caraṇa-sampanno 

Sugato Lokavidū Anuttaro 

Purisa damma-sārathī 

Satthā deva manussānaṃ 

Buddho Bhagavā’ti 

4

Arahaṃ arahoti nāmena 

Arahaṃ pāpaṃ nakāraye 

Arahatta phalaṃ patto 

Arahaṃ nāma te namo 

Sammā sambuddha ñānena 

Sammā sambuddha desanā 

Sammā sambuddha lokasmiṃ 

Sammā sambuddha te namo 

Vijjā carana sampanno 

Tassa vijjā pakāsitā 

Atītā nāgatuppanno 

Vijjā carana te namo 

Sugato sugatattānaṃ 

Sugato sundaraṃ pi ca 

Nibbānaṃ sugatiṃ yanti 

Sugato nāma te namo 

Lokavidūti nāmena 

Atītā nāgate vidū 

Sankhāra satta mokāse 

Lokavidū nāma te namo 

Anuttaro ñānasīlena 

Yo lokassa anuttaro 

Anuttaro pūja lokasmiṃ 

Taṃ namassāmi anuttaro 

Sārathī sārathī deva 

Yo lokassa susārathī 

Sārathī pūja lokasmiṃ 

Tam namassāmi sārathī 

5

Devā yakkhā manussānaṃ 

Loke agga phalaṃ dadaṃ 

Dadantaṃ damayantānaṃ 

Purisā jañña te namo 

Bhagavā bhagavā yutto 

Bhaggaṃ kilesa vāhato 

Bhaggaṃ samsāra muttāro 

Bhagavā nāma te namo 

Ete navā gunā yassa 

Sambuddhassa sirīmato 

Namāmi taṃ mahāvīraṃ 

Sabbaññuṃ dipaduttamaṃ 

By name He is Arahant as He is worthy. 

Even in secret He does no evil. 

He attained the fruit of Arahantship. 

To Thee, the Worthy One, my homage be 

By name He is Sammā Sambuddha. 

The teaching is of the Sammā Sambuddha 

A fully Enlightened One is He in the world. 

To Thee, the fully Enlightened One, my homage be 

He is endowed with knowledge and virtuous conduct. 

His wisdom is made known 

The past and future He knows 

To Thee who is endowed with knowledge 

And virtuous conduct, my homage be. 

6

He is Sugata, being self-disciplined 

Being good, He is Sugata. 

He has gone to the good state of Nibbana. 

To Thee the Sugata, my homage be. 

By name He is Lokavidū 

He knows the past and the future 

Things, beings and space He knows. 

To Thee the knower of worlds, my homage be 

By wisdom and conduct He is unrivalled 

An unrivalled One is He in the world. 

In this world He is revered as an Incomparable One 

That Incomparable One, I salute 

He is the Leader, of devas and men, who tames 

those to be tamed. 

Respected charioteer is he in the world. 

To Him my homage be. 

To devas, yakkhas and men of this world, 

He gives the highest fruits. 

And they subdue (their defilements). 

To the best of men, my homage be. 

The Bhagavā is replete with fortune. 

He destroyed all passions. 

He crossed the ocean of saṃsara. 

To that Blessed One my homage be. 

That fully Enlightened Noble Hero, 

who is endowed with these nine virtues 

An all knower, the best among men. 

The Great Hero, I pay my obeisance to you. 

7

VANDANĀ 



The Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened One. 


Sambuddhassa (Three Times) 

PADĪPA PŪJĀ 

(Offering of Light) 

All: With lights brightly shining, 

Abolishing this gloom, 

I adore the Enlightened One, 

Who dispels the darkness of ignorance. 

All: Ghana sārappa dittena 

Dīpena tama dhaṃsinā 

Tiloka dīpaṃ sambuddhaṃ 

Pūjayāmi tamo nudaṃ 

SUGANDHA PŪJĀ 

(Offering of Incense) 

All: With perfumed incense, 

Made from fragrant substances, 

I honour the Exalted One, worthy of respect, 

Who dispels the darkness of ignorance. 

8

All: Gandha Sambhāra yuttena 

Dhūpenāhaṃ Sugandhinā 

Pūjaye pūjanīyaṃ taṃ 

Pujā bhājana muttamaṃ 

PUPPHA PŪJĀ 

(Offering of Flowers) 

All: This mass of flowers, freshly hued, 

Fragrant and choice, 

I offer at the sacred feet of the Noble Sage. 

Lord Buddha, I offer these flowers to Thee 

May this virtue be helpful for my emancipation. 

Even as these flowers must fade, 

My body too undergoes decay. 

All: Vaṇṇa gandha gunopetaṃ 

Etaṃ kusuma santatiṃ 

Pūjayami munindassa 

Sirī pāda saroruhe 

Pujemi Buddhaṃ kusumena nena 

Puññena metena ca hotu mokkhaṃ 

Pupphaṃ milāyāti yathā idaṃ mē 

Kāyo tathā yāti vināsa bhāvaṃ 

9

PĀNĪYA PUJĀ 

(Offering of Water) 

All: O Lord! The Blessed One, 

Please accept this water as an offering to Thee 

Out of great compassion for us. 

All: Adhivāsetu no Bhante 

Pānīyaṃ parikappitaṃ 

Anukampaṃ upādāya 

Patiganhātu muttamaṃ 

PĀNAKA PŪJĀ 

(Offering of Fruit Juice) 


Please accept this fruit juice as an offering to Thee 



Pānakaṃ parikappitaṃ 



10

PHALA PŪJĀ 

(Offering of Fruits)* 

*(to be recited in the morning 

only, when fruits are offered) 


Please accept these fruits as an offering to Thee 



Phalāni parikappitaṃ 



ĀHĀRA PŪJĀ 

(Offering of Food)* 

*(for morning pūjā only 

when food is offered) 


Please accept this food as an offering to Thee 



Bhojanaṃ parikappitaṃ 



11

GILĀNAPACCAYA PŪJĀ 

(Offering of Medicinal Drinks)* 

*(for evening pūjā only) 


Please accept this medicinal drink as an offering to Thee 



Gilānapaccayaṃ imaṃ 



12

VANDANĀ 



the Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened One. 


Sambuddhassa (Three Times) 

TI-SARANA 

(The Three Refuges) 

Ven: Buddhaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

All: Buddhaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

I go to the Buddha for refuge. 

Ven: Dhammaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

All: Dhammaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

I go to the Dhamma for refuge. 

Ven: Sanghaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

All: Sanghaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

I go to the Sangha for refuge. 

Ven: Dutiyam’pi Buddhaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

All: Dutiyam’pi Buddhaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

For the second time, I go to the Buddha for refuge. 

13

Ven: Dutiyam’pi Dhammaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

All: Dutiyam’pi Dhammaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

For the second time, I go to the Dhamma for refuge. 

Ven: Dutiyam’pi Sanghaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

All: Dutiyam’pi Sanghaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

For the second time, I go to the Sangha for refuge. 

Ven: Tatiyam’pi Buddhaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

All: Tatiyam’pi Buddhaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

For the third time, I go to the Buddha for refuge. 

Ven: Tatiyam’pi Dhammaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

All: Tatiyam’pi Dhammaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

For the third time, I go to the Dhamma for refuge. 

Ven: Tatiyam’pi Sanghaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

All: Tatiyam’pi Sanghaṃ Saranaṃ Gacchāmi 

For the third time, I go to the Sangha for refuge. 

14

PAÑCA-SĪLA 

(The Five Precepts) 

Ven: Pānātipātā veramanī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi 

All: Pānātipātā veramanī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi 

I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from killing. 

Ven: Adinnādānā veramanī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi 

All: Adinnādānā veramanī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi 

I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from taking 

things not given. 

Ven: Kāmesu Micchācārā veramanī sikkhāpadaṃ 

samādiyāmi 

All: Kāmesu Micchācārā veramanī sikkhāpadaṃ 

samādiyāmi 

I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from sexual 

misconduct. 

Ven: Musāvādā veramanī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi 

All: Musāvādā veramanī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi 

I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from false 

speech. 

Ven: Surāmeraya Majja Pamādatthānā veramanī 

sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi 

All: Surāmeraya Majja Pamādatthānā veramanī 

sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi 

I undertake to observe the precept to abstain from 

anything that causes intoxication and heedlessness. 

15

BUDDHA VANDANĀ 

(Homage to the Buddha) 

All: Such indeed is the Blessed One, 

a Worthy One, who does no evil even in secret. 

The fully Enlightened one, endowed with knowledge 

and virtue, who has attained the Sublime State; 

Knower of the worlds, an Incomparable Leader for 

the training of individuals. 

Teacher of gods and men. 

Enlightened and Blessed. 

All: Iti’pi so Bhagavā Arahaṃ 


Vijjā carana-sampanno 



Satthā Deva manussānaṃ 


DHAMMA VANDANĀ 

(Homage to the Dhamma) 

All: Well-expounded is the Dhamma by the Blessed One. 

To be realized; with immediate results. 

To be approached, to be seen. 

Capable of being entered upon; 

To be realized by the wise, each by himself. 

All: Svākkhāto Bhagavatā Dhammo 

Sandiṭṭhiko Akāliko 

Ehi-passiko Opanayiko 

Paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti 

16

SANGHA VANDANĀ 

(Homage to the Sangha) 

All: Of good conduct is the order of the Disciples of the 

Blessed One. 

Of upright conduct is the order of the Disciples of the 

Blessed One. 

Of wise conduct is the order of the Disciples of the 

Blessed One. 

Of dutiful conduct is the order of the Disciples of the 

Blessed One. 

This Order of the Disciples of the Blessed One, 

Namely, these Four Pairs of Persons, the Eight Kinds 

Of Individuals – 

Is worthy of offerings, 

Is worthy of hospitality, 

Is worthy of gifts, 

Is worth of reverential salutation, 

Is an incomparable field of merits to the world. 

All: Supaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka saṅgho 

Uju paṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka saṅgho 

Ñāya paṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka saṅgho 

Sāmīcipaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka saṅgho 

Yadidaṃ cattāri purisa yugāni 

Aṭṭha purisa puggalā 

Esa Bhagavato sāvaka saṅgho 

Āhuneyyo 

Pāhuneyyo 

Dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo 

Anuttaraṃ puññak-khettaṃ lokassā ti 

17

BODHI VANDANĀ 

(Homage to the Bodhi Tree) 

All: Seated at whose base, Our Teacher overcame all 

defilements, attaining Omniscience, that very Bodhi-Tree 

I adore. 

This great Tree of Enlightenment, 

Reverenced by the Lord of the world, 

I too shall salute you. 

May there be homage to you - O Royal Bodhi. 

All: Yassa mūle nisinnova 

Sabbāri vijayaṃ akā 

Patto sabbaññutaṃ satthā 

Vande taṃ Bodhi pādapaṃ 

Ime ete mahā Bodhi 

Loka nāthena pūjitā 

Ahampi te namassāmi 

Bodhi Rājā namatthu te. 

TIVIDHA CETIYA VANDANĀ 

(Salutation to the three objects of veneration) 

All: I salute every Cetiya that stands in any place, the bodily 

Relics, the Great Bodhi, and all images of the Buddha. 

All: Vandāmi cetiyaṃ sabbaṃ 

Sabba ṭhānesu patiṭṭhitaṃ 

Sāririka dhātu Mahā Bodhiṃ 

Buddha rūpaṃ sakalaṃ sadā 

18

METTA SUTTA 

(Discourse on Loving Kindness) 

All: He who is skilled in his own good 

And who wishes to attain the state of calm, should act 

thus: 

He should be able, upright, perfectly upright, 

obedient, gentle and humble. 

Contented, easily supportable, 

with few duties, simple in livelihood. 

Controlled in senses, discreet, not impudent; 

Not greedily attached to families. 

He should not commit any slightest wrong 

such that other wise men might censure him. 

May all beings be happy and safe. 

May their hearts be wholesome! 

Whatsoever living beings there be; 

feeble or strong, long, stout or medium, 

short, small or large; 

Seen or unseen, those dwelling far or near, 

those who are born and those 

who are to be born. 

May all beings, without exception, 

be happy minded! 

Let no one deceive another nor despise any 

person whatsoever in any place. 

In anger or ill-will, 

let him not wish harm to another. 

19

Just as a mother would protect her only child 

at the risk of her own life, 

so let him cultivate a boundless heart 

towards all beings. 

Let thoughts of boundless love pervade the whole world; 

above, below and across, without any obstruction, 

without any hatred and without any enmity. 

Whether he stands, walks, sits or lies down, 

as long as he is awake, he should develop 

this mindfulness. 

This is the Highest conduct here. 

Not falling into wrong view, 

virtuous and endowed with insight, 

he discards attachment to sensuous desires. 

Indeed, he does not come again, 

to be conceived in a womb. 

All: Karaṇiyā mattha kusalena 

Yamtaṃ santaṃ padaṃ abhisamecca 

Sakko ujū ca sūjū ca 

Suvaco cassa mudu anatimānī 

Santussako ca subharo ca 

Appa-kicco ca sallahukavuttī 

Santindriyo ca nipako ca 

Appa-gabbho kulesu ananu giddho 

Naca khuddaṃ samācare kiñci 

Yena viññū pare upavadeyyuṃ 

Sukhino vā khemino hontu 

Sabbe sattā bhavantu sukhitattā ! 

20

Ye keci pāṇa bhūt’atthī 

Tasā vā thāvarā vā anavasesā 

Dighā vā ye mahantā vā 

Majjhimā rassakānuka thūlā 

Diṭṭha vā yeva addiṭṭhā 

Ye ca dūre vasanti avidūre 

Bhūtā vā sambhavesī vā 

Sabbe sattā bhavantu sukhitattā ! 

Na paro paraṃ nikubbetha 

Nātimaññetha katthacinaṃ kanci 

Byārosanā patighasaññā 

Nāññamaññassa dukkhamiccheyya 

Mātā yathā niyam puttaṃ 

Āyusā ekaputtam anurakkhe 

Evam’pi sabba bhūtesu 

Mānasaṃ-bhāvaye apari-mānaṃ 

Mettan ca sabba lokasmiṃ 

Mānasaṃ-bhāvaye aparimānaṃ 

Uddhaṃ adhō ca tiriyanca 

Asam-bādhaṃ averaṃ asapattaṃ 

Tiṭṭham caraṃ nisinno vā 

Sayāno vā yāva tassa vigata middho 

Etaṃ satiṃ adhiṭṭheyya 

Brahma metaṃ vihāraṃ idha-māhu 

Diṭṭhinca anupa gamma sīlavā 

Dassa-nena sampanno 

Kāmesu vineyya gedhaṃ 

Nahi jātu gabbha seyyaṃ punaretīti 

21

All: By the strength of this Truth, may I/you* ever be 

well. 

Etena sacca vajjena 

Sotthi me/te* hotu sabbadā 

(Three Times) 

*(‘me’ when it is recited for oneself; and ‘te’ when it is recited for 

others) 

22

PUÑÑĀNU MODANĀ 

(Sharing Of Merit With Devas And All Sentient Beings) 

All: May all devas share this merit 

which we have thus acquired. 

May it contribute greatly to their happiness. 

All: Ettāvatā ca amhehi 

Sambhataṃ puñña sampadaṃ 

Sabbe devā anumodantu 

Sabba sampatti siddhiyā 

All: May all spirits share this merit 





Sabbe bhutā anumodantu 


All: May all beings share this merit 





Sabbe sattā anumodantu 


23

All: May all beings inhabiting space and earth, 

Devas and nagas of mighty power, 

share this merit and may they long 

protect the Dispensation. 

All: Ākāsaṭṭhā ca bhummatthā 

Devā nāgā mahiddhikā 

Puññaṃ taṃ anumoditvā 

Ciraṃ rakkhantu loka-sāsanaṃ 

SHARING OF MERIT WITH THE DEPARTED ONES 

All: May our past relatives and friends receive this merit 

and may they be well and happy where-ever they are. 

All: Idam me ñātīnaṃ hotū 

Sukhitā hontu ñātayo 


BLESSING TO THE WORLD 

All: May the rain fall at suitable times. 

May the world progress and 

be happy and peaceful. 

May the world leaders be righteous! 

All: Devo vassatu kālena 

Sassa sampatti hetu ca 

Phīto bhavatu loko ca 

Rājā bhavatu dhammiko ! 

24

KHAMATHA ME BHANTE 

(Forgiveness of Shortcomings) 

All: If by deeds, speech or thought, 

I have done wrong, 

forgive me O Master 

O Teacher, Most Wise 

All: Kāyena vācā cittena 

Pamādena mayā kataṃ 

Accayaṃ khama me bhante 

Bhūri-pañña Tathāgata 


THE ASPIRATION 

(Patthana) 

All: By the grace of these merits which I have 

acquired, may I never associate with the morally 

ignorant ones; 

but only the wise, up to the time I attain Nibbana. 

All: Iminā Puñña Kammena 

Māme bāla samāgamo 

Sataṃ samāgamo hotū 

Yāva Nibbāna pattiya 

Yāva Nibbāna pattiya 

(Slow) 

25

REFLECTION ON ASPIRATION 

Leader: Let us before the Buddha, reflect, that should we have 

strayed from the true path, may we never do so again. 

May we always be mindful of the Dhamma, and may the 

Buddha, the Enlightened One help us to set our hearts 

right. Let our daily actions reflect His love and 

compassion. 

All: I shall strive to cleanse my heart from hate and envy, and 

live in harmony with all people. 

I shall be close to the Dhamma, in good as well as in 

difficult times. May the Dhamma help me to be strong in 

moments of weakness, brave in times of trouble, and 

calm in the face of changing fortunes. 

I know that should the moment come for me to leave the 

world, I shall do so without fear or regret because I 

leave the world a better person than when I came into it. 

I shall bear in mind to be grateful for the acts of love and 

consideration shown to me. No matter how small they 

appear to be. 

May the Triple Gem bless and protect me and my loved 

ones with success, good health, strength, peace and 

happiness. 

May my parents, brothers and sisters, teachers, friends 

and relatives be well and happy. May they be free from 

harm and danger. 

May this country be blessed with peace and prosperity. 

May the Buddha be at my head, the Dhamma in my heart 

and the Sangha at my side to protect and guide me 

always. 

May all living beings including those unfriendly to me, 

find peace and happiness always. 

(A moment of silence in Meditation) 

26

REFLECTION ON PEACE 

Leader: Let us before the Buddha, contemplate how He realized 

the transient nature of the world. Our Lord attained great 

peace. 

His unmoved stillness and boundless compassion; that 

shall be our inspiration. Those who are angry at injustice, 

impatient for changes, despairing at tragedy, elated today 

and depressed tomorrow, are soon exhausted. But, those 

whose minds are always still and who abide in Peace, are 

abundant in energy. They, like the Buddha, are islands of 

peace in a sea of turmoil and a refuge to all beings. 

All: I shall seek peace and tranquility, avoiding always the 

loud, the noisy and those who wish to argue. 

I will strive to restore harmony to those who are at odds. 

I will speak without abuse or harshness. I will be gentle 

always, with words sweet and true. 

I shall always speak positively well of others, and never 

being the source of conflict for others. 

May all who live in turmoil find peace. 

May my heart be free from the agitation of defilements. 

This is the wish I will always wish. 

This is the prayer I will always pray. 

Let the Dhamma guide me each and every day, 

help others as it touches along the way. 


27

REFLECTION ON VIRTUE 

Leader: Let us before the Buddha reflect that on this day or in the 

past, others have done us wrong, with body, speech or 

mind, whether through malice or lack of tact; let us now, 

before the Buddha, sincerely forgive and let go of 

grudges. 

All: I forgive, remembering how often I too have been at 

fault. 

I forgive, realizing how quick I am to take offence while 

expecting my faults to be forgiven. 

I forgive, knowing that to hold ill-will is to cause myself 

greater harm and that the desire for revenge will only 

bring the heart to turmoil and agitation. 

I forgive, resolving not to retaliate for the wrong done to 

me by others because of greed, hatred and delusion. 

I forgive, knowing that this is the way detachment 

blossoms in the heart. 

May all beings be free from vengeance. May all beings 

be forgiven for their faults. 

May my faults be always small and may I be able to 

overcome them easily. 


28

TIROKUḌḌA SUTTA 

(RECITAL FOR THE SHARING OF MERITS WITH 

DEPARTED ONES) 

Leader: We shall now recite the Tirokuḍḍa Sutta in memory of 

the late : _____________________________________ 

whose living relative(s) and friends have come forward 

to make offerings in his/her/their name. May he/she/they 

rejoice and receive the merit performed by us. May 

he/she/they be well and happy. 

All: Tirokuḍḍesu tiṭṭhanti 

sandhi singhāṭakesu ca 

Dvāra bāhāsu tiṭṭhanti 

āgantvāna sakam gharaṃ 

Pahūte annapānamhi 

khajjabhojje upaṭṭhite 

Na tesaṃ koci sarati 

Sattā naṃ kammapaccayā 

Evaṃ dadanti ñatinaṃ 

ye honti anukampakā 

Suciṃ panītaṃ kālena 

kappiyaṃ pānabhojanaṃ 

Idaṃ vo ñātinaṃ hotū 

sukitā hontu ñātayo 

Te ca tattha samāgantvā 

ñātipetā samāgatā 

Pahūte annapānamhi 

sakkaccaṃ anumodare 

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Ciraṃ Jīvantu no ñāti 

yesam hetu labhāmase 

Amhākam ca katā pūjā 

dāyakā ca anipphalā 

Na hi tattha kasī atthi 

gorakhettha na vijjati 

Vanijjā tā disī natthi 

hiraññena kayakkayaṃ 

Ito dinnena yāpenti 

petā kālakatā tahiṃ 

Unname udakaṃ vaṭṭaṃ 

yathā ninnaṃ pavattati 

Evameva ito dinnaṃ 

petānaṃ upakappati 

Yathā vārivahā pūrā 

paripūrenti sāgaraṃ 

Evameva ito dinnaṃ 

petānaṃ upakappati 

Adāsi me, akāsi me 

nātimittā sakhāca me 

petānaṃ dakkhinaṃ dajjā 

pubbe kata manussaraṃ 

Na hi runnaṃ va soko vā 

ya c’annā paridevanā 

Na tā petana mattāya 

evaṃ tiṭṭhanti ñātayo 

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Ayan ca kho dakkhinā dinnā 

sanghamhi supatiṭṭhitā 

Dīgharattaṃ hitāyassa 

ṭhānaso upakappati 

So ñāti dhammo ca ayaṃ nidassito 

Petāna pūjā ca katā ulārā 

Balaṃ ca bhikkhūna-manuppadinnaṃ 

Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappakaṃ 

Those who are reborn as unfortunate spirits (because of craving for 

their property in past life), return to their homes and create an eerie 

atmosphere while lingering beyond the doors. 

They yearn for human food, but, because of their past kamma, their 

living relatives neglect to make offering to them. 

Those who are compassionate, therefore, should remember their 

departed relatives and make offering (such as alms giving) in their 

names. By the whole-hearted sharing of merits, the spirits will 

gratefully wish for the well-being of their living relatives who 

perform the meritorious deed. 

Living relatives should remember the spirits of their departed 

relatives who are not at peace with themselves and gather in many 

places. 

In return, such spirits thus remembered and satisfied, will eagerly 

wish for the well-being of their living relatives, out of gratitude. 

For there is no ploughing there, nor any cattle herding found. Nor 

merchandising just the same, nor transactions of buying and selling. 

The spirits of the departed kin live there on the merits dedicated to 

them. 

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As water showered on the hill, flows down to reach the hollow 

valley. So the merits dedicated to them can serve the spirits of the 

departed kin. 

As river-beds when full, can bear the water down to fill the sea. So 

the merits shared can serve the spirits of the departed kin. 

He gave to me, he worked for me. He was my kin, friend and 

intimate. Thinking thus, give offering on behalf of departed ones. 

No weeping, nor yet sorrowing, nor any kind of mourning, helps 

departed ones, whose kin remains acting thus, unhelpful to them. 

But when this offering is given to the members of the Holy Order, 

then, it can serve them long. In future and in the present, as well. 

By offering alms to the Holy Order, in memory of the departed, the 

true path of action for relatives has thus been taken. And, a high 

honour to departed ones is shown. And, the Holy Order is given 

sustenance as well, and a great merit is stored away by you. 

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CHATTA MĀNAVAKA GĀTHĀ 

(Hymns on the Three Refuges) 

All: Yo vadataṃ pavaro manujesu 

Sakyamunī Bhagavā katakicco 

Pāragato bala viriya-samangī 

Taṃ sugataṃ saranattha mupemi 

Rāga-virāga maneja masokaṃ 

Dhamma masankhata mappatikūlaṃ 

Madhuramimaṃ pagunaṃ suvibhattaṃ 

Dhammamimaṃ saranattha mupemi 

Yattha ca dinna mahapphala māhu 

Catusu sucīsu purisa yugesu 

Aṭṭha ca puggala dhamma dasā te 

Sangha-mimaṃ saranattha mupemi 

Who art the chiefest Speaker, ‘amongst mankind? 

Sakya Sage, O Holy One, Whose task is done. 

Gone Beyond, possessed of power and energy; 

To Thee, the Welcome One, I go for Refuge! 

Exempt from lust – from craving, sorrow-free, 

Law unconditioned and delectable, 

Sweet, potent, profoundly analytic, 

To this very dhamma I go for Refuge! 

Whate’ver is given bears fruit, ‘tis said, 

To four Pure Pairs of Persons and these Eight 

are people who have realized the Truth; 

To this very Sangha I go for Refuge! 

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SPECIAL BLESSINGS 

Leader: Bro/Sis ……………….has requested the Dhamma 

community of Ti-Sarana Buddhist Association to recite 

parittas for the blessings of Bro/Sis …………………… 

who is currently at …………………………………….. 

May he/she receive the blessings of the Triple Gem and 

be free from mental anguish and physical pain. May 

he/she have a speedy recovery from his/her illness/ 

operation. 

All: Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammā Sambuddhassa 


BUDDHA VANDANĀ 

All: Iti pi so Bhagavā Arahaṃ 


Vijjā carana-sampanno 



Satthā Deva manussānaṃ 


DHAMMA VANDANĀ 

All: Svākkhāto Bhagavatā Dhammo 

Sandiṭṭhiko Akāliko 

Ehi-passiko Opanayiko 

Paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti 

34

SANGHA VANDANĀ 

All: Supaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka saṅgho 

Uju paṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka saṅgho 

Ñaya paṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka saṅgho 

Sāmīcipaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvaka saṅgho 

Yadidaṃ cattāri purisa yugāni 

Aṭṭha purisa puggalā 

Esa bhagavato sāvaka sangho 

Āhunneyyo 

Pāhuneyyo 

Dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo 

Anuttaraṃ puññak-khettaṃ lokassā ti 

All: Etena saccavajjena-pātutaṃ ratanattayaṃ 


JINAPAÑJARA 

All: Jayāsanagatā vīrā –Jetvā māraṃ savāhiṇiṃ 

Catu saccāmatarasaṃ – Ye Piviṃsu narāsabhā 

Taṇhaṃkarādayo Buddhā – Aṭṭhavisati nāyakā 

Sabbe patiṭṭhitā tuyhaṃ – Matthake te munissarā 

Sire patiṭṭhitā Buddhā – Dhammo ca tava locane 

Sangho patiṭṭhito tuyhaṃ – Ure sabba guṇākaro 

Hadaye Anuruddho ca – Sāriputto ca dakkhiṇe 

Kondañño Piṭṭhibhāgasmiṃ – Moggallāno’si vāmake 

35

Dakkhiṇe savaṇe tuyhaṃ – Āhuṃ Ānanda Rāhulā 

Kassapo ca Mahānāmo – Ubhosuṃ vāma sotake 

Kesante piṭṭhibhāgasmiṃ - Suriyo’viya pabhaṅkaro 

Nisinno sirisampanno – Sobhito muni puṅgavo 

Kumāra Kassapo nāma – Mahesī citravādako 

So tuyhaṃ vadane niccaṃ – Patiṭṭhāsi guṇākaro 

Puṇṇo Angulimālo ca – Upāli Nanda Sivalī 

Therā pañca ime jātā – Lalāṭe tilakā tavā 

Sesāsīti mahā therā – Vijitā jina sāvakā 

Jalantā sīla tejena – Aṅgamaṅgesu saṇṭhitā 

Ratanaṃ purato āsi – Dakkhine metta suttakaṃ 

Dhajaggaṃ pacchato āsi – Vāme Aṅgulimālakaṃ 

Khandha Mora parittañ ca – Āṭānāṭiya suttakaṃ 

Ākāsacchadanaṃ āsi – Sesā pākāra saññitā 

Jinānā bala saṃyutte – Dhamma pākāra laṅkate 

Vasato te catu kiccena – Sadā Sambuddha pañjare 

Vāta pittādi sañjātā – Bāhirajjhattu paddavā 

Asesā vilayaṃ yantu – Ananta guna tejasā 

Jinapañjara majjhaṭṭhaṃ – Viharantaṃ mahītale 

Sadā pālentu tvaṃ sabbe – Te mahā purisāsabhā 

Icceva maccanta kato surakkho – 

Jinānubhāvena Jitūpapaddavo 

Buddhānubhāvena hatāri saṅgho - 

Carāhi saddhammanu bhāva pālito 

36



Dhammānubhāvena hatāri saṅgho - 




Sanghānubhāvena hatāri saṅgho - 


Saddhamma pākāra parikkhito’si – 

Aṭṭhāriyā aṭṭha disāsu honti 

Etthantare aṭṭhanāthā bhavanti – 

Uddhaṃ vitānaṃ va jinā ṭhitā te 

Bhindanto mārasenaṃ tava sirasi ṭhito – 

Bodhi māruyha satthā 

Moggallānosi vāme vasati bhujataṭe – 

Dakkhine Sāriputto 

Dhammo majjhe urasmin viharati bhavato – 

Mokkhato morayoniṃ 

Sampatto Bodhisatto – 

caraṇa yugagato bhānu lokeka nātho 

Sabbāvamaṅgala mupaddava dunnimittaṃ 

Sabbīti roga gahadosa masesa nindā 

Sabbantarāya bhaya dussupinaṃ akantaṃ, 

Buddhānubhāva pavareṇa payātu nāsaṃ 



Sabbantarāya bhaya dussupinaṃ akantaṃ, 

Dhammānubhāva pavareṇa payātu nāsaṃ 

37



Sabbantarāya bhaya dussupinaṃ akantaṃ 

Saṅghānubhāva pavareṇa payātu nāsaṃ 

WISHING WELFARE OF ALL LIVING BEINGS 

Dukkhappattā ca niddukkhā 

Bhayappattā ca nibbhayā 

Sokappattā ca nissokā 

Hontu sabbe’pi pāṇino 

PUÑÑĀNUMODANĀ 

Ākāsaṭṭhā ca bhummaṭṭhā 


Puññantaṃ anumoditvā 

Ciraṃ rakkhantu loka-sāsanaṃ 




Ciraṃ rakkhantu desanaṃ 




Ciraṃ rakkhantu tvaṃ sadā 

38

The Pali Alphabet 

Pronunciation of Letters 

The Pali alphabet consists of 41 letters – 8 vowels and 33 

consonants. 

VOWELS 

a, ā, i, ī, u, ū, e, o 

CONSONANTS 

k, kh, g, gh, ṅ 

c, ch, j, jh, ñ 

ṭ, ṭh, ḍ, ḍh, ṇ 

t, th, d, dh, n 

p, ph, b, bh, m 

y, r, l, v, s, h, ḷ, ṃ 

Of the vowels ‘a’, ‘i’, ‘u’ are short; the rest are long. 

Although ‘e’ and ‘o’ are included in the long vowels, they 

are often sounded short before a double consonant, e.g. Mettā, 

Seṭṭhī, Okkamati, Yottaṃ. 

PRONUNCIATION 

a is pronounced like ‘u’ in but 

ā is pronounced like ‘a’ in art 

i is pronounced like ‘i’ in mint 

ī is pronounced like ‘ee’ in see 

u is pronounced like ‘u’ in put 

ū is pronounced like ‘oo’ in pool 

39

e is pronounced like ‘a’ in cage 

o is pronounced like ‘o’ in no 

k is pronounced like ‘k’ in kind 

g is pronounced like ‘g’ in game 

ṅ is pronounced like ‘ng’ in singer 

c is pronounced like ‘ch’ in chance 

ñ is pronounced like ‘gn’ in signore 

ṭ is pronounced like ‘t’ in cat 

ḍ is pronounced like ‘d’ in bad 

ṇ is pronounced like ‘kn’ in know 

t is pronounced like ‘th’ in thumb 

d is pronounced like ‘th’ in then 

y is pronounced like ‘y’ in yes 

s is pronounced like ‘s’ in sight 

ṃ is pronounced like ‘ng’ in sing 

ḷ is pronounced like ‘l’ in felt 

‘j’, ‘n’, ‘p’, ‘b’, ‘m’, ‘r’, ‘l’, ‘v’ and ‘h’ are pronounced 

just as they are pronounced in English. 

The aspirates ‘kh’,’gh’, ‘ch’, ‘jh’, ‘th’, ‘dh’, ‘ṭh’, ‘ḍh’, ‘ph’ 

and ‘bh’ are pronounced with ‘h’ sound immediately following, as 

in blockhead, pig head, fathead, etc. where the ‘h’ in each is 

combined with the preceding consonant in pronunciation. 

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