external world

philosophy

Learn about this topic in these articles:

problems of knowledge

  • optical illusion: refraction of light
    In epistemology: Knowledge of the external world

    Most people have noticed that vision can play tricks. A straight stick submerged in water looks bent, though it is not; railroad tracks seem to converge in the distance, but they do not; and a page of English-language print reflected in a mirror…

    Read More
  • optical illusion: refraction of light
    In epistemology: Skepticism

    …thing as knowledge of an external world. According to that view, it is at least logically possible that one is merely a brain in a vat and that one’s sense experiences of apparently real objects (e.g., the sight of a tree) are produced by carefully engineered electrical stimulations. Again, given…

    Read More
  • optical illusion: refraction of light
    In epistemology: Phenomenalism

    …that claims about the purported external world must be capable of verification, or confirmation. That commitment entails that no such claim can assert the existence of, or otherwise make reference to, anything that is beyond the realm of possible perceptual experience.

    Read More