Five certainties
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
The five certainties (Skt. pañcaniyata; Tib. ངེས་པ་ལྔ། ; Wyl. nges pa lnga) or perfections (Wyl. phun sum tshogs pa lnga) are:
- the certain or perfect teacher,
- the certain or perfect teaching,
- the certain or perfect place,
- the certain or perfect disciples and
- the certain or perfect time.
Further Reading
- Khenpo Ngawang Pelzang, A Guide to the Words of My Perfect Teacher, translated by Padmakara Translation Group (Boston & London: Shambhala, 2004), pages 32-34.
- Patrul Rinpoche, The Words of My Perfect Teacher (Boston: Shambhala, Revised edition, 1998), pages 9-10.
- Thinley Norbu, The Small Golden Key (Shambhala Publications, 1999), pages 70-72.
