Academia.eduAcademia.edu
Download Free PDF
paper cover icon
Download Free PDF
paper cover thumbnail

Natalia Sutiagina, Daria Kukina. Finds from the Noin-Ula kurgans at an exhibition in Berlin in 1929 (based on materials from the archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of the History of Material Culture)

Natalia Sutiagina, Daria Kukina. Finds from the Noin-Ula kurgans at an exhibition in Berlin in 1929 (based on materials from the archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of the History of Material Culture)

Profile image of Natalia SutiaginaNatalia Sutiagina

2020, Masters of the Steppe: the Impact of the Scythians and Later Nomad Societies of Eurasia Proceedings of a conference held at the British Museum, 27-29 October 2017 Edited by Svetlana V. Pankova and St John Simpson

The discovery in 1924/25 of Xiongnu burials in the mountains of Noin-Ula in northern Mongolia caused a revolution in the knowledge of Russian and foreign researchers about the art, diplomacy and politics of ancient China. The exhibition of ancient Chinese art in Berlin was the first time that the Noin-Ula collection had been shown in Europe. For the first time European scholars were able to read the inscriptions on the Chinese cup which determined the dating of the kurgans. Photographs of the artefacts taken during the preparations for the exhibition enable us to reconstruct some of the archaeological complexes. The material in this article provides information about the initial stage of international museum collaboration in the Soviet state.3 Keywords: Noin-Ula; ancient Chinese art; lacquered cup; foreign exhibition; archaeological complexes

Related Papers

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF MONGOLISTS_Elikhina_Julia

The Felt Carpet and Fragments from the Barrows of Noin-Ula (Northern Mongolia) in the Collection of the State Hermitage Museum. Elikhina Yulia Igorevna

2012 •

Elikhina Julia

View PDF
ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE XIONGNU: NEW DISCOVERIES IN RUSSIA

Sergey Miniaev

View PDF

Arts Asiatiques. Tome 69 (2014). P. 173–176.

Re-installation of the Permanent Exhibition of Central Asian Art and a Temporary Exhibition in Honour of the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Academician Sergei F. Oldenburg in the State Hermitage Museum, Saint-Petersburg

Evgeniy Kiy

View PDF
Ganiev R., Kochnev A., Anikin K., Neuimin N. A Relic from Samarqand in the Urals // The Silk Road. – 2017. – №15. – 154 – 161.

Rustam Ganiev

View PDF

ACCU Nara International Correspondent. The Tenth Regular Report

Some Newly-Found Ancient Turkic Complexes with Stone Statue from North-Western Mongolia

2012 •

Munkhtulga Rinchinkhorol

The ACCU correspondents periodically send reports on cultural heritage protection activities in which they have been recently involved. This is a collection of seventeen reports submitted by international correspondents in the Asia-Pacific region.

View PDF
Derevianko A.P. , Molodin V.I., Kommissarov S.A., Wang Peng, Cheremisin D.V., Soloviev A.I., Solovieva E.A., Girchenko E.A. PAVEL KOZHIN, A MOSCOW SIBERIAN (in honor of his 80th Birthday) // Archaeology Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 43/1 (2015). P. 155–157

Kozhin Pavel M., Сергей Комиссаров, Ekaterina Girchenko

View PDF
CURRENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN MONGOLIA - BCAA 4

Jan Bemmann, Ernst Pohl

View PDF
THE LOCALIZATION OF THE FINDS OF THE SASANIAN ARTISTIC WARE IN THE ETHNOCULTURAL MAP OF THE URALS AND THE KAMA REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE FIRST MILLENNIUM AD

vladimir ivanov

It is well known that the Urals and the Kama region is the territory with the greatest concentration of finds of the Sasanian toreutics in Eurasia. This fact has often been covered and analyzed in the scientific literature, both in Russia and abroad. Initially, research was mainly aimed at identifying the areas of trade and cultural ties between the people of the Kama region and Eastern countries. This period is characterized by the accumulation of the source base, when the bulk of the Oriental toreutics items, found in the hoards, were involved into scientific circulation. At this stage there was a process of accumulation of finds of the Oriental articles in different collections. At the same time there began to appear the first publications of such findings that were originally of an informative nature. At first, the researchers did not consider broad objectives with respect to the Oriental imports, because they had a small amount of evidence. This was characteristic of the works by De Bross and H. Kohler. The articles of the Oriental toreutics were systematized first by Count I. Tolstoy and N. Kondakov. In their work (ref) they gave detailed information on 58 articles of Oriental toreutics, known by that period, dividing them into groups: as Byzantine, Sasanian, and as " later vessels of different origin. " The authors did not publish a precise dating for the works of the Oriental toreutics. All the items of import, recorded in their work, were part of the collections of the Imperial Hermitage and private collections of Count Stroganov, Prince M. A. Obolensky, the Teploukhovs' gatherings, and others. The authors believe that these objects appeared in the territory of the Kama region as a result of direct trade with the Eastern countries and the Byzantine Empire, and their great number is explained by the necessity to use them for religious purposes. 1 With the accumulation and enlargement of the source base researchers began to deal with various tasks related to the chronological and geographical attribution of the Oriental imports. The questions concerning the contacts of the population of the Kama region with the Eastern countries was also raised. Initially, a large part of these contacts was referred to the Volga Bulgaria. That was influenced by the traditions established by early medieval Arab authors, who reported on the Arab-Bulgarian trade. Here we may note that F. A.Teploukhov was one of those who first raised the question of trade contacts of the medieval population of the Kama region with the East through the mediation of the Volga Bulgars. 2 A. A. Spitsin contributed to the study of the problem. Basing on the study and systemization of the Teploukhovs' collection, and other private collections of antiquities of the Kama region and the Southern Urals, he published a work on the periodization of the Kama materials. 3 In his research, A. A. Spitsyn also paid

View PDF
FIRST EXCAVATION OF PAZYRYK KURGANS IN MONGOLIAN ALTAI

Tsagaan (Цагааны) Turbat (Төрбат/Турбат)

View PDF
The forgotten art of ancient Uzbekistan

Andrzej Rozwadowski

View PDF
Masters of the Steppe: the Impact of the Scythians and Later Nomad Societies of Eurasia Proceedings of a conference held at the British Museum, 27-29 October 2017 Edited by Svetlana V. Pankova and St John Simpson Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-647-9 ISBN 978-1-78969-648-6 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2020 Cover illustration: Petroglyphs from the post-Scythian period at Moiseikha mountain on the right bank of the Yenisey, Minusinsk Basin (photograph: E. Miklashevich) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Representation of a mounted Scythian based on a description by Herodotus: engraving from Abraham de Bruyn, Divesarum gentium armatura equestris: Ubi fere Europæ Asiæ atqu; Africæ equitandi ratio propria expressa est, Cologne 1577 (private collection). List of Contents List of Figures�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������v Foreword...................................................................................................................................................................................xviii Hartwig Fischer Foreword..................................................................................................................................................................................... xix Mikhail Piotrovsky Preface and acknowledgements............................................................................................................................................ xx Svetlana V. Pankova, St John Simpson Introduction���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 The Sasanian and Gupta empires and their struggle against the Huns����������������������������������������������������������������������16 Hans T. Bakker Supersize me: political aspects of monumental tomb building in early steppe empires��������������������������������������30 Thomas J. Barfield Saka ‘Animal Style’: the ‘mysterious picture’ on a carved bone container from central Kazakhstan.................43 Arman Z. Beisenov A Scythian treasure in the lands of the Getae: considerations regarding the hoard of Stâncești........................51 Alexandru Berzovan Interactions between mobile pastoralists and settled agricultural societies in central Asia: examples from the work of the Eurasia Department of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI)...............................64 Nikolaus Boroffka The Arzhan-2 ‘royal’ funerary-commemorative complex: stages of function and internal chronology...........79 Konstantin V. Chugunov Scythian archers of the 4th century BC: a new archaeological study of excavated bows, arrows and quivers from the northern Black Sea region..............................................................................................................103 Marina Daragan Fabergé and the gold making tradition in Russia�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������125 Caroline de Guitaut, LVO Scythians, Persians, Greeks and horses: reflections on art, culture, power and empires in the light of frozen burials and other excavations......................................................................................................................134 Henri-Paul Francfort Textiles, dyes and pigments of the European Scythians: preliminary analyses of materials from southern Ukraine...............................................................................................................................................................156 Margarita Gleba, Ina Vanden Berghe, Marina Daragan Scythian gold from 19th century private collections in the Department of the Ancient World in the State Hermitage Museum.........................................................................................................................................167 O. Gorskaya i Scientific study of the etching process used on ancient carnelian beads���������������������������������������������������������������176 Clément Holé, Aude Mongiatti, St John Simpson Trade, community and labour in the Pontic Iron Age forest-steppe region, c. 700–200 BC�������������������������������198 James A. Johnson The predator scene in Scythian ‘Animal Style’ as a socio-political indicator��������������������������������������������������������210 Vladimir A. Kisel ‘Animal Style’ art: influences and traditions in the nomadic world�������������������������������������������������������������������������216 Elena Korolkova To accompany and honour the deceased: the horses from the graves of the Pazyryk culture...........................227 Sébastien Lepetz, K. Debue, D. Batsukh The royal *gaunaka: dress, identity, status and ceremony in Achaemenid Iran�����������������������������������������������������248 Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones Scythian archery���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������258 Mike Loades A priestly burial from the Taksai-1 cemetery�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������268 Yana Lukpanova The Okunev culture: a unique Siberian civilisation and its links with Scythian and later cultures.................281 Leonid S. Marsadolov Scientific analyses of some glass beads from Scythian and later sites in southern Siberia................................296 Andrew Meek, Nikolai N. Nikolaev, St John Simpson Petroglyphs of the Scythian period in the Oglakhty mountains (Republic of Khakassia, Russia): new materials and problems of attribution................................................................................................................302 Elena Miklashevich Scythian and Sarmatian weapons with gold decoration����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������320 Raphael S. Minasyan Gold of Peter the Great: Scythian goldsmithing techniques���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������327 Aude Mongiatti, Elena Korolkova Life and death in the Scythian world of southern Siberia: a social bioarchaeological study of the mobile pastoralists from Aymyrlyg.......................................................................................................................355 Eileen Murphy, Yuri Chistov Pazyryk horse masks of Gorny Altai�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������367 Maria Ochir–Goryaeva Mummies and mannequins from the Oglakhty cemetery in southern Siberia�������������������������������������������������������373 Svetlana V. Pankova Textile finds from the central burials of the Arzhan-1 barrow in Tuva�������������������������������������������������������������������397 Svetlana V. Pankova, Elena A. Mikolaychuk, Lyudmila S. Gavrilenko, Leonid S. Marsadolov The Sarmatian conquest of the northern Pontic region: the state of the art of the problem.............................431 Sergei Polin ii The royal Scythian Alexandropol kurgan based on new research data of 2004–2009������������������������������������������444 Sergei Polin, Marina Daragan New investigations of Scythian kurgans and their periphery in the lower Dnieper region: non-destructive measurements and archaeological proof.....................................................................................472 Sergej Polin, Marina Daragan, Kseniia Bondar The formation of the early Scythian cultural complex of the Kelermes cemetery in the Kuban region of the north Caucasus.......................................................................................................................................................483 Tatyana V. Ryabkova The results of new scientific analyses of gold bracelets from Taksai-1 and an iron sword from Issyk in the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan.........................................................................................498 A. K. Satubaldin, S. A. Yarygin, A. Mongiatti, D. O’Flynn, J. Lang Secrets of Achaemenid production of personal ornaments and vessels������������������������������������������������������������������509 Ekaterina A. Shablavina Jiang Yuan and north Chinese nomads�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������520 Daniil P. Shulga Mysterious transformations of the Scythian cultures in the 6th and 3rd centuries BC��������������������������������������522 P. I. Shulga Etched or bleached? Traded or copied? Comments on the dating and distribution of a distinctive type of decorated carnelian bead found from India to Eurasia from the early 1st millennium BC to the early medieval period...........................................................................................................................................525 St John Simpson In hoc signo vinces: the victory of the Scythians over the offspring of their slaves as a manifestation of divine providence (Herodotus, The Histories 4.1 [3], 3, 4)...................................................................................544 Nikolay Yu. Smirnov Testing Herodotus: leather species identification of Scythian quivers using new scientific methods............551 Luke Spindler, Margarita Gleba, Marina Daragan, Matthew Collins Saddles of the Hun-Sarmatian period�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������561 Elena V. Stepanova The wooden comb of the ‘golden lady’: a new battle image from the Taksai-1 kurgan (western Kazakhstan).......................................................................................................................................................588 Lâtife Summerer, Yana Lukpanova Finds from the Noin-Ula kurgans at an exhibition in Berlin in 1929 (based on materials from the archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of the History of Material Culture)..................605 Natalia A. Sutiagina, Daria A. Kukina The Scythian empire: reassessing steppe power from western and eastern perspectives���������������������������������616 Timothy Taylor, Christine M. Havlicek, Christopher I. Beckwith Antennae of Scythian akinakai: from abstraction to realism, there and back again..............................................627 Denis Topal Settled rather than saddled Scythians: the easternmost Sakas���������������������������������������������������������������������������������643 Burzine Waghmar iii Preface and acknowledgements Svetlana V. Pankova, St John Simpson This conference was conceived as part of the public programme associated with the BP exhibition Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia held at the British Museum from 14 September 2017 to 14 January 2018 and, like the exhibition itself, was jointly organised with the State Hermitage Museum. This is reflected in the addition of the forewords by both our directors and we are very grateful to them and their support of curatorial research. this. The conference catering was by Benugo and the coffee-breaks and evening reception were, as always, an important integral part of the three-day event. During the event, our security and visitor operations managers were always on hand to help and avert unforeseen events. We would also like to thank here the different museums, organisations and individuals who generously supplied images: among them we should single out Rodolphe Olard for bringing our attention to the rare book from which the frontispiece is taken, and for kindly allowing us to photograph and include it. We are also particularly grateful to Dr Svetlana Adaxina, Deputy General Director, and Anastasya Miklyaeva, Head of the Rights and Reproduction Department at the State Hermitage Museum, for their kind permission and very generous waiving of reproduction costs for the numerous images we requested, some of which were taken specially. It is an act of true collaboration which we enjoyed throughout this exhibition project and a model of how great research institutions like our respective museums should work. Conferences like this are an essential part of any good exhibition, and a unique opportunity to explore related research questions and subjects which lie outside the strict exhibition narrative. However, it could not have happened without the very generous support of the ERC who supported it as part of the Beyond Boundaries: Religion, Region, Language and the State grant awarded to Dr Michael Willis: the organisers and participants alike are deeply grateful to them for this and for providing much-needed administrative support in the form of Serena Biondo who kindly made all the travel and accommodation booking for the participants. Given that we had over 35 speakers attending from multiple countries, including many from Russia and others also from outside the EU, this was a huge task, and we are also very grateful to Dean Baylis, then the senior administrator in the Department of the Middle East at the British Museum, for giving up a lot of his time to help with this. Additional costs were met through event ticketing and the Friends of the Middle East, a small group who very generously support the activities of the Middle East Department at the British Museum. We are very grateful to Jonathan Tubb, Keeper of this department, for kindly authorising this and supporting this volume by granting research leave and travel to Russia on several occasions. Likewise, we thank Dr Andrey Alexeev, head of the Department of Archaeology of Eastern Europe and Siberia at the Hermitage, for his support and interest. The editing of these papers proved a longer and harder task than even we originally anticipated, and most required translation and/or heavy editorial input. In the case of our colleagues from the Hermitage, this task was undertaken as part of the official agreement and we are indebted to Mariam Dandamaeva, Scientific Secretary of the Hermitage, for agreeing to, and kindly overseeing this process. In the case of other papers, much of the translation fell on the shoulders of Ekaterina Paronjan and Dr Georgi Parpulov, and we are very grateful to them for their hard work too. Dr Raphael Wong kindly checked the Chinese literature and citations for the bibliography. We are also hugely indebted to the numerous specialist reviewers we asked to comment individually on the different papers, introduction and conclusion, and for their candid and quick responses. They know who they are, and know that we could not have managed to do this without their great input and support. Successful conferences also rely on good logistics and, in this case, we were fortunate as the British Museum Clore venue is well-versed to supporting events of this kind. The audiovisual technicians were always ready and presentations followed smoothly as a result. We are grateful to Freddie Matthews, head of Adult Programmes, for agreeing that this event could be included as part of the public programme, and to the British Museum Visitor Services managers, and the Box Office and Information Desk teams for facilitating We are delighted to report that we had four different publishers’ offers to publish the proceedings of this conference, but we opted for Archaeopress Archaeology (Oxford) as we know from past experience that they are a delight to work with and invariably offer a quality product within a quick period of time. We owe David xx Davison and Rajka Makjanic, and all their team at Archaeopress, our deepest thanks for the huge work they have put into making sure that this monograph is appropriately designed and produced to ensure its place on the shelves of everyone interested in Eurasian nomads. the world because of the appearance of a new virus: the loss of lives, livelihoods and personal freedoms has been a great tragedy. At the time this volume went in press we also heard with our deepest regret that our dear colleague, Dr Sergey Minyaev – a leading researcher in the field of archaeology of the Xiongnu – has passed away in St. Petersburg. He was unable to participate in our conference but his death is a huge loss for the archaeology of Eurasian nomads, and for some of the contributors personally. We dedicate this volume in his memory, hope that our world is restored to normality and that through friendship, dialogue and collaboration we remain strong and positive. As the editors, we thank the many contributors for their papers, the efforts they put into delivering the final versions and their immense patience while they underwent translation, editing, peer review and final production. In the final stages as we were preparing this volume for press, everyone’s lives changed around xxi Finds from the Noin-Ula kurgans at an exhibition in Berlin in 1929 (based on materials from the archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of the History of Material Culture) Natalia A. Sutiagina,1 Daria A. Kukina2 Abstract The discovery in 1924/25 of Xiongnu burials in the mountains of Noin-Ula in northern Mongolia caused a revolution in the knowledge of Russian and foreign researchers about the art, diplomacy and politics of ancient China. The exhibition of ancient Chinese art in Berlin was the first time that the Noin-Ula collection had been shown in Europe. For the first time European scholars were able to read the inscriptions on the Chinese cup which determined the dating of the kurgans. Photographs of the artefacts taken during the preparations for the exhibition enable us to reconstruct some of the archaeological complexes. The material in this article provides information about the initial stage of international museum collaboration in the Soviet state.3 Keywords: Noin-Ula; ancient Chinese art; lacquered cup; foreign exhibition; archaeological complexes kurgans excavated at Noin-Ula appeared in European publications in the form of translations and rehashes of Kozlov’s articles and short analytical articles.6 Letters with requests to inspect the archaeological materials from Mongolia, requests for photographs of the artefacts and for the publication of the finds arrived from various European countries. However, permissions were granted reluctantly: the matter of the future storage of the artefacts was being decided, it was necessary to fulfil the obligations to the Mongolian side, and a catalogue of the finds was in preparation. Introduction123 Among the most outstanding archaeological discoveries in the first half of the 20th century were the rich burials of the nobility of the Xiongnu in the mountains of NoinUla in northern Mongolia. The burials were excavated by the Mongolia-Tibetan Expedition led by Pyotr Kozlov in 1924–1925. Several thousand artefacts were found in the ancient tombs, including those made by Chinese masters. The materials discovered in northern Mongolia immediately attracted the attention of Russian and foreign archaeologists, orientalists and art historians. Pyotr Kozlov, a brilliant orator and popularist, gave a great deal of information about the excavations in reports to various scientific gatherings and in print.4 However, contrary to established tradition, he did not write a final account at the end of the expedition. Instead ‘Short Accounts of the Expedition for the Exploration of Northern Mongolia in Connection with the Mongolia-Tibetan Expedition of P.K. Kozlov’ were published: a short summary of the explorations and a few photographs of the most attractive finds.5 The absence of a full scientific account of the discoveries made, which completely changed scholars’ concepts of the ancient history of central Asia, caused a certain tension in scientific circles. Information about the The great scientific importance of the archaeological monuments discovered in the mountains of Noin-Ula and the desire to see materials from the excavations led German specialists from the Society of East Asian Art to submit an official proposal to the USSR government to take part in an exhibition of Ancient Chinese art in Berlin in 1929. There is virtually no mention of this exhibition in Soviet scientific literature,7 though it was a unique opportunity to show the artefacts from the Noin-Ula kurgans in Europe before they became part of the permanent collection of the State Hermitage Museum. There are documents in the Manuscript Department of the Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Science (henceforth IHMC RAS) which fully reflect the preparations for the exhibition: correspondence between scientific institutions and government bodies, lists of exhibits with their numbers in the Book of Acquisitions of the State Academy of the History of Material Culture, papers concerning the restoration of artefacts and their transportation to Germany. There are photographs of Oriental Department, The State Hermitage Museum, 34 Dvortsovaya nab., St. Petersburg, Russia, 190000; email: na.sutiagina@ gmail.com 2 Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Dvortsovaya nab., St. Petersburg, Russia, 191186; email: daria_kukina@mail.ru 3 The study was supported by the Russian Academy of Sciences Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 0184-2018-0002, awarded to D.A. Kukina) and the RFBR and MECSS (Project No. 20-59-44005, awarded to N.A. Sutiagina). 4 Kozlov 1925: 7–11; 1926: 51–56; 1928: 1–4; Yusupova 2011: 24–41. 5 Kratkiye Otchyoty 1925. 1 6 7 Masters of the steppe (Archaeopress 2020): 605–615 605 Yetts 1926а; 1926b. Bernshtam 1951: 33; Sutiagina and Kukina 2017. N. A. Sutiagina, D. A. Kukina objects taken during the mounting of the exhibition in Berlin in the Photographic Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS.8 incomplete and suffer from gaps if we were to be unable to give an idea of the exceptional research work in this field in the USSR. The main purpose of this paper is to bring these archival documents into the academic domain. The inventories and photographs of the artefacts make it possible to imagine the original appearance of the finds and to amend and reconstruct the archaeological complexes that have been partly confused in the course of the subsequent treatment of the collection. Some objects featured in the 1929 photographs are little known as they were not included in the general publications of materials from the Noin-Ula excavations,9 are not tied to any particular kurgan or have been erroneously attributed. The information we have obtained broadens our knowledge of the history of the study, storage and display of the Noin-Ula collection, the composition of the complexes and the external appearance of the finds. In addition, these materials are interesting for a study of how international exhibitions were organised in the Soviet Union in the 1920s. Above all, it is the excavations of Kozlov and his colleagues in Mongolia which interest us in this regard. They have aroused enormous interest throughout the world and have proved a historical and economic link between the West and the Far East of which we previously had no idea. The finds are currently being processed in the Academy of the History of Material Culture in Leningrad. Those that would be most appropriate for our exhibition are purely Chinese objects which reveal hitherto unknown aspects of Chinese material culture. Above all, we are interested in the report of the exploration of Mongolia arising from Pyotr Kozlov’s expedition. Figures 12, 13, 1510 Table 1 below. Tables 2, 3, 6, 7 The 1929 Berlin exhibition These items are easily transported and are not liable to breakage. We would cover all the expenses of a Soviet representative nominated by you to accompany these items to Berlin. We would particularly welcome either the Academy’s Secretary Mr. Oldenburg, who is our Corresponding Member, or Mr. Borovka, who is a Fellow of our Society. A letter of 16th July 1928 informed the People’s Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR that an exhibition of Ancient Chinese art was being planned for January to April 1929 in the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin. The organisers requested artefacts from the kurgans in the mountains of Noin-Ula to be included in the display: Apart from that, of course, the artefacts will be fully insured during transportation and at the exhibition. The return transportation could be accompanied by a courier from the Russian Embassy or a member of staff of the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ‘The Society of East Asian Art is planning to organise a large-scale exhibition of Ancient Chinese art in the winter of 1929, approximately from 15/I to 15/IV. Leading collectors from Germany and other European and non-European countries will be taking part. The exhibition is intended to provide a review of new discoveries in Chinese art in the past 25 years. To a known degree it will represent instructive coverage of what has been achieved in this field all over the world in that time. We therefore apply to you with a formal request to agree to the provision of the abovementioned items for the exhibition. Please accept, most respected President, the expression of our profound respect …’11 The exhibition will be organised jointly with the State Academy of Arts in the Academy’s exhibition halls in Pariser Platz, not far from the USSR Embassy. The venue is totally safe from fire risk, is guarded around the clock as a state building and provides a reliable fortress for the appropriate display of valuable items. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Prussian Ministry of Science, Art and Public Education is providing financial support for the exhibition. Our exhibition would, unfortunately, be At that time the materials from Noin-Ula brought from Mongolia by Pyotr Kozlov’s expedition were kept in the Repository of Antiquities at the State Academy of the History of Material Culture: they had been accepted for storage there by 1925 and were in the Repository 10 These numbers of plates and figures are noted according to Kratkiye Otchyoty 1925. The German scientists could operate only this information during the preparation of the exhibition so they wrote the numbers of all objects they wanted to exhibit in official letter published here entirely. 11 Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS: On the study of the collections of the Mongolian-Tibetan Expedition of 1928/Fonds 2/Inventory 1/File 76/1928/p. 15 and reverse. 8 Photographic Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS O.759. 9 Trever 1932; Umehara 1960; Lubo-Lesnichenko 1961; Rudenko 1962a. 606 Finds from the Noin-Ula kurgans at an exhibition in Berlin in 1929 of Antiquities until 1930, when the Repository of Antiquities was liquidated and the artefacts from the Noin-Ula collection were temporarily transferred to the Ethnographic Department of the Russian Museum.12 From 1931 the collection and accompanying documentation began to be relocated to the State Hermitage Museum.13 information about the planned exhibition was received in that institution only at the end of 1928. Members of the Mongolian Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences were officially notified at the same time as the Russian Geographical Society. ‘The State Academy of the History of Material Culture has received a request from the Society of East Asian Art to provide antiquities discovered during excavations in Mongolia for the exhibition of Ancient Chinese art which the Society is organizing in Berlin. The Academy, in agreement with the Department of Scientific Institutions of the USSR Council of People’s Commissars, recognizes the desirability of acceding to the aforesaid request and asks you not to decline to notify whether there are any obstacles from your standpoint to the despatch of these items to Berlin for the exhibition to be held approximately from 15.I to 15.IV 1929’.17 Grigory Borovka, who had been sent on the expedition by the Academy of Sciences in 1925, was at that time a member of the Institute’s staff and, at the same time, curator of the Hermitage’s Section of Hellenic-Scythian Antiquities. A request from the Kremlin (No. 1255) to the Academy dated 9th August 1928 was addressed to him: ‘The Department of Scientific Institutions of the USSR Council of People’s Commissars encloses a copy of a letter received from the Society of East Asian Art in Berlin on the matter of the organisation of an exhibition of Ancient Chinese art in Berlin in winter 1929 and requests you to communicate your decision in this matter…’.14 Although it expressed some doubts regarding the unfinished scientific processing of the collection, the Russian Geographical Society nevertheless approved the display of the finds from Noin-Ula at the exhibition in Berlin, ‘where they will provide evidence of the results of our extensive scientific work’.18 Shortly afterwards, on 18th August 1928, similar letters were sent to the State Academy of the History of Material Culture and to the Russian Museum. A response to the request was required before 22nd August 1928.15 The decision of the Academy was prepared and despatched to the Department of Scientific Institutions on 20th August 1928: When organisational matters had been agreed among the scientific institutions a positive reply was sent to Germany. At the very beginning of 1929 all the items were ready for despatch to the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs in Moscow and further transportation to Berlin.19 Grigory Borovka was sent to Germany to accompany the items and to take part in scientific events devoted to the opening of the exhibition.20 ‘The State Academy of the History of Material Culture notifies that it finds it desirable to comply with the request of the Society of East Asian Art to provide antiquities discovered by Kozlov’s expedition to Mongolia for the exhibition of Ancient Chinese art which the Society is organising in Berlin. The Academy will take the necessary measures to ensure the safe passage of the aforesaid materials to Germany. N. Marr, President of the Academy’.16 A hundred of the most interesting and well-preserved artefacts, primarily of Chinese manufacture, were selected for the exhibition. The list of exhibits was drawn up in Russian and German.21 It indicated the titles and dimensions of the artefacts, from which kurgan they came and their inventory numbers in Despite the fact that Pyotr Kozlov’s expedition was organised by the Russian Geographical Society, 17 Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS: On the despatch of artefacts from the collection of Pyotr Kozlov’s Mongolian-Tibetan expedition for the exhibition in Berlin/ Correspondence/Fonds 2/Inventory 1/File 86/1928–1929/p. 1. 18 Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS: On the despatch of items from the collection of Pyotr Kozlov’s Mongolian-Tibetan expedition for the exhibition in Berlin: Correspondence/Fonds 2/Inventory 1/File 86/1928–1929/p. 8. 19 Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS: On the despatch of items from the collection of Pyotr Kozlov’s Mongolian-Tibetan expedition for the exhibition in Berlin/ Correspondence/Fonds 2/Inventory 1/File 86/1928–1929/p. 3. 20 Archive of the State Hermitage Museum: Official file of G.I. Borovko/19th September 1917–26th November 1930/Fonds I/ Inventory 13/File 103/pp. 87, 88, 95. 21 Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS: On the despatch of items from the collection of Pyotr Kozlov’s Mongolian-Tibetan expedition for the exhibition in Berlin/ Correspondence/Fonds 2/Inventory 1/File 86/1928–1929/reverse of pp. 4–5, 22–23. 12 Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS: Commission for the Liquidation of the Repository of Antiquities (Transfer according to deeds)/Fonds 2/Inventory 1/File 750/1931/pp 19–20, 30 and reverse of p. 20 13 Archive of the State Hermitage Museum, Direction and Scientific Section: Lists and deeds of transfer to the Hermitage of museum items with noting in the inventory from institutions and private individuals/ Vol. 1/Fonds I/Inventory V/File 1191 (1)/1931/pp. 209– 23. 14 Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS: On the Study of the Collection from the Mongolian-Tibetan Expedition of 1928/Fonds 2/Inventory 1/File 76/1928/p. 14. 15 Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS: On the Study of the Collection from the Mongolian-Tibetan Expedition of 1928/Fonds 2/Inventory 1/File 76/1928/p. 17. 16 Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS: On the Study of the Collection from the Mongolian-Tibetan Expedition of 1928/Fonds 2/Inventory 1/File 76/1928/p. 16. 607 N. A. Sutiagina, D. A. Kukina the Repository of Antiquities where they were kept that time. Most of the items, primarily textiles, were restored before their despatch to Germany. The exhibition of ancient Chinese art was held in the Prussian Academy of Arts. The organisers provided one of the largest rooms in the building for the display of ancient artefacts from Mongolia. Articles, photographs and short annotations were published in a small catalogue entitled ‘Ausstellung Chinesischer Kunst’.22 This event in the cultural life of Germany and Europe was a huge success and received numerous positive reviews. Special attention was devoted to the finds of Pyotr Kozlov’s expedition at the exhibition.23 It was actually from this year that the materials became generally accessible for inspection and study and entered the European and world scientific domain. The exhibit that particularly attracted the attention of specialists was a Chinese lacquered cup from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’), with a hieroglyphic inscription. Earlier, in 1925, Professor Otto Kümmel had read the inscription on the bottom of the cup and was the first to suggest a translation of it – this enabled the cup to be dated to 2 BC.24 The opportunity to examine the find in Berlin enabled scholars to agree on the dating of the kurgans. Other finds that attracted attention were details of Chinese chariots (spokes of a canopy covered with dark Chinese lacquer and bronze terminals of various types) (Figure 1), silver and bronze harness details, the fragment of a bronze Chinese mirror, lacquered objects (‘er bei’ cups with handles (Chinese 耳杯), coffin decorations and wooden details), leather ribbons/belts, artistic objects of jade and amber, wooden sculptures, silk ‘flags’ and a panel with festoons, silk cases for plaits, fragments of the famous felt rug and fragments of a velvet saddle cover. Attention was drawn particularly to the numerous examples, totalling over 70 pieces, of woollen and silk textiles. The display featured items of clothing, details of footwear, woollen embroidery depicting horsemen and individual fragments of embroidery depicting men’s faces. The diversity of Chinese silks found in the nomadic burials was reflected in the wide range of polychrome textiles, embroidery and gauze on display. Figure 1. Details from the canopy of a chariot from the Kondratiev kurgan in the Tzurumte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O.759-46) ‘Upper’ kurgan (kurgan 6).25 However, the inventory entry on the photograph and the documentation of the collection shows that the fabric came from another burial. It was found during the excavation of kurgan 12/24 led by Sergey Teploukhov, along with other items (Figures 2–5).26 The error in attribution probably occurred in the process of the transfer of artefacts to the State Hermitage Museum, as the correct kurgan is indicated in the catalogue of the collection compiled by Kamilla Trever and in the research of Sueji Umehara.27 A photograph was also found of an amber artefact that came from the Ballod kurgan (Figure 6). This tomb was excavated by Alexander Ballod in 1913. All of the finds, including this amber piece, were despatched to the East Siberian Branch of the Russian Geographical Society in Irkutsk according to the inventory attached to the package. Alexander Ballod enclosed a drawing of this item in letters addressed to members of the The photographs of artefacts in the Photographic Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC RAS not only show lists of exhibits but also provide important information regarding the state of preservation of the finds in the late 1920s and the excavated kurgans where they were found. One of the most famous examples of ancient Chinese art is a silk cloth depicting mountains, birds, a tree and mushrooms (MP-1330). There is a view in the literature that this textile was from the 22 23 24 Menshikova 2011: 30. Photographic Department of the Scientific Archive of the IHMC: RAS O.759/Borovka G.I./Exhibition of Chinese Art in Berlin. State Hermitage Archive: Transfer to the Hermitage of museum items from various institutions and private individuals and their recording in the Hermitage Museum’s inventory/Fonds I/Inventory V/File 1789 (78)/1934/p. 112. 27 Trever 1932: 35, pl. 15; Umehara 1960: 73, fig. 51. 25 26 Ausstellung Chinesischer Kunst 1929. Yetts 1929а: 128, 133; 1929b: 337–39. Yetts 1929a: 128. 608 Finds from the Noin-Ula kurgans at an exhibition in Berlin in 1929 Figure 2. Fragment of silk fabric from kurgan 12/24 (Teploukhov’s) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-29) Figure 3. Fragments of silk fabric with embroidery from kurgan 12/24 (‘Teploukhov’s’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-30) Branch in Irkutsk and to the scientific institutions in St. Petersburg and Moscow.28 However, in 1929 the piece was in Leningrad among Pyotr Kozlov’s finds. Besides these well-known objects, the archive photographs also feature leather belts, fragments of the famous felt rug before restoration and fragments of fabrics from kurgans 6 (Figures 7–16), 23 and 25 (Figures 17–21). Most of the fabrics were studied and published by Evgeny I. Lubo-Lesnichenko,29 unfortunately with no indication of the kurgans from which they came. The photographs also show several finds from the 28 29 Figure 4. Fragment of silk fabric with embroidery from kurgan 12/24 (‘Teploukhov’s’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-31) Sutiagina 2014: fig. 2: 6. Lubo-Lesnichenko 1961. 609 N. A. Sutiagina, D. A. Kukina Figure 5. Fragment of silk fabric with embroidery from kurgan 12/24 (‘Teploukhov’s’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-32) Figure 6. Amber artefact from the Ballod kurgan in the Tzurumte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-47) Figure 7. Fragments of ribbons from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’), Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-16) Figure 8. Fragment of felt rug with silk edging from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’), Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-4) 610 Finds from the Noin-Ula kurgans at an exhibition in Berlin in 1929 Figure 9. Fragment of a silk sewn item with festoons from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-6) Figure 10. Fragment of a silk sewn item with festoons from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-20) Figure 11. Fragment of silk fabric with embroidery (tiger and dragon) from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-8) 611 N. A. Sutiagina, D. A. Kukina Figure 12. Fragment of tulle with rhomboid ornament from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-9) Figure 13. Sewn fragments of silk fabrics with embroidery from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-15) Figure 14. Plait in a silk case with a small pouch from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-13) 612 Finds from the Noin-Ula kurgans at an exhibition in Berlin in 1929 Figure 15. Artefact of patterned silk with a small pouch from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-26) Figure 16. Fragment of silk fabric from a silk artefact with a small pouch from kurgan 6 (‘Upper’) in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-27) Figure 17. Fragment of decorated silk fabric from kurgan 23 in the Sudzukte Pass, NoinUla (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-33) Figure 18. Fragment of silk fabric with embroidery from kurgan 23 in the Sudzukte Pass, NoinUla (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-34) 613 N. A. Sutiagina, D. A. Kukina Figure 19. Fragment of silk fabric with embroidered decoration from kurgan 23 in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-35) Figure 20. Fragment of silk fabric from kurgan 25 in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-38) Figure 21. Fragment of silk fabric from kurgan 25 in the Sudzukte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-40) 614 Finds from the Noin-Ula kurgans at an exhibition in Berlin in 1929 Figure 22. Fragment of silk fabric from the Kondratiev kurgan in the Tzurumte Pass, Noin-Ula (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-44) Figure 23. Pieces of harness from kurgan 49 in the Sudzukte Pass. Excavations of Grigory Borovka in 1926 (SA IHMC RAS Photographic Department Imp. O. 759-42) Kondratiev kurgan (Figures 1, 22). One shows a set of harness from a kurgan excavated by Grigory Borovka in 1926 (Figure 23). A sketch of one of the items was published by Sergey Rudenko,30 but the other pieces remained unknown. thorough study of the history of central Asia in the light of the latest archaeological discoveries. Despite the difficult political situation of the time they succeeded in creating conditions of maximum access to the collection for scholars and visitors. The very process of the organisation of international exhibitions in the late 1920s is very apparent on the basis of this historical example: correspondence, lists of exhibits, conditions of storage and transportation – the initial stage of what is now the norm for mounting exhibitions in a modern museum. Thanks to the archival documents of the IHMC RAS it is possible to clarify and correct information about the provenance of the artefacts, their original appearance and completeness, and to see the enormous amount of work by several generations of curators and restorers to ensure that the finds from the ancient kurgans of Noin-Ula now grace the permanent display of the State Hermitage Museum. Conclusion These materials enable us to view and re-assess the initial stage of research of one of the most outstanding collections now kept in the reserves of the Oriental Department of the State Hermitage Museum. The archival materials show how substantial and profound was the appreciation of the very high scientific value of the Xiongnu burials in the mountains of Noin-Ula. Soviet and European researchers realised the urgent necessity of bringing as many artefacts as possible from this collection into the scientific domain for a 30 Rudenko 1962a: 64, fig. 53. 615 Bibliography Primary sources Diodorus Siculus, The Antiquities of Asia. A Translation with Notes of Book II of the Library of History. New Brunswick [NJ] and Oxford: Transaction (translated by E. Murphy, 1989). Diodorus Siculus, Library of History (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by C.H. Oldfather, reprinted 2006, in twelve volumes). Dioscorides Pedanius, De materia medica. Hildesheim: Olms (translated by L.Y. Beck, 2005). Ełishē, History of Vardan and the Armenian War. Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated with commentary by R.W. Thomson, 1982). P‛awstos Buzand [Faustus of Byzantium], The Epic Histories Attributed to P‛awstos Buzand (Buzandaran Patmut‛iwnk‛). Translation and Commentary. Cambridge [MA]: Harvard University Press (edited by N.G. Garsoïan, 1989). Gardizi, The Ornament of Histories. London and New York: I.B. Tauris (translated and edited by C.E. Bosworth, 2018). A History of the Eastern Islamic Lands AD 650–1041. London and New York: I.B. Tauris (translated by C.E. Bosworth, 2018). Herodotus, The Histories. Harmondsworth: Penguin (translated by T. Holland, 2014). Homer, Odyssey (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann (translated by A.T. Murray, 1919, in two volumes). ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. Princeton: Princeton University Press (translated by F. Rosenthal and edited by N.J. Dawood, 1969, abridged version). Łazar P’arpets’i, appendix in History of Vardan and the Armenian War. Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated with commentary by R.W. Thomson, 1982). Lucian, Toxaris in Vol. V: The Passing of Peregrinus. The Runaways. Toxaris. The Dance. Lexiphanes. The Eunuch. Astrology. The Mistaken Critic. The Parliament of the Gods. The Tyrannicide. Disowned (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann (translated by A.M. Harmon, 1936). Ovid, Metamorphoses (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann (translated by F.J. Miller, 1977, in two volumes). Ovid, Tristia, Ex Ponto (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann (translated by A.L. Wheeler, 1975, in six volumes). Aelian, Historical Miscellany (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press (translated by N.G. Wilson, 2014). Al Tifaschi, Arab Roots of Gemmology. Ahmad ibn Yusuf Al Tifaschi’s Best Thoughts on the Best of Stones. Lanham (MD) and London: The Scarecrow Press (translated by Abul Huda, 1998). Ammianus Marcellinus, History / Ammiani Marcellini rerum gestarum libri qui supersunt. Leipzig: Teubner (edited by W. Seyfarth et al., 1978, in two volumes). Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae / The Women Celebrating the Thesmophoria (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by B.B. Rogers, 1924). Aristotle, Minor Works (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by W.S. Hett, 1936). Arrian, Anabasis (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by P.A. Brunt, 1983, in two volumes). Athenaeus, The Deipnosophists or Banquet of the learned. London: Henry G. Bohn (tanslated by C.D. Yonge, 1854). Bāṇa, Harṣacaritam, śrī-Śaṅkaraviracita ‘Saṅketa’ vyākhyopetam. Hindīvyākhyākāraḥ śrī Jagannātha Pāṭhakaḥ. Caukhambā Vidyābhavan (Vidyābhavana Saṃskṛta Granthamālā 36). Vārāṇasī 1958. Bāṇa, The Harṣa-carita of Bāṇa (Oriental Translation Fund, New Series II). London (translated by E.B. Cowell and F.W. Thomass). Bergamo, Giacomo Fillipo Foresti da, Supplementum chronicarum orbis ab initio mundi. Delhi: Gyan Books (2017 reprint). Blockley, R.C. 1981–83. Vol. I (1981): The fragmentary classicising historians of the later Roman Empire: Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus and Malchus. Vol. II (1983): Text, Translation and Historiographical Notes. Liverpool: Francis Cairns. Carpini, G. di Plano, The Story of the Mongols whom we call the Tartars. Boston (MA): Branden Publishing (translated and edited by E. Hildinger, 1996). Ctesias, Indika. London: Bristol Classical Press (edited and translated by A. Nichols, 2011). Ctesias, History of Persia (Routledge Classical Translations). London and New York: Routledge (translated by L. Llewellyn-Jones and J. Robson, 2010). Curtius Rufus, History of Alexander (Loeb Classical Library). Harvard (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by J.C. Rolfe, 1946, in two volumes). Masters of the steppe (Archaeopress 2020): 687–760 687 Bibliography Pausanias, Description of Greece (Loeb Classical Library). Harvard (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by W.H.S. Jones, 1933). Phylarchus, Die Fragmente der Griechisken Historiker. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchandlung (edited by F. Jacoby, 1929). Pliny, Natural History (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press. Plutarch, Lives (Loeb Classical Library). Harvard (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by B. Perrin, reprinted 1994, in eleven volumes). Polybius, The Histories (Loeb Classical Library). Harvard (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by W.R. Paton, 2011). Priscus, Fragmenta, in Vol. I: The fragmentary classicising historians of the later Roman Empire: Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus and Malchus. Vol. II: Text, Translation and Historiographical Notes. Liverpool: Francis Cairns (translated and edited by R.C. Blockley, 1981, 1983). Procopius, Procopii Caesariensis opera. Leipzig: Teubner (edited by J. Haury and G. Wirth, 1962–64; four volumes). Sebeos, The Armenian History attributed to Sebeos. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press (translated with notes by R.W. Thomson and historical commentary by James Howard-Johnston, 1999). Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian of China. New York: Columbia University Press, (translated by Burton Watson, 1971). Strabo, Geography (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by H.L. Jones, reprinted 2001, in eight volumes). al-Tabari, The History of al-Ṭabarī (Ta‛rīkh al-rusal wa‛lmulūk). Volume V: The Sāsānids, the Byzantines, the Lakhmids, and Yemen. Albany: State University of New York Press (translated and annotated by C.E. Bosworth, 1999). The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century. Boston (MA) and Leiden: E.J. Brill (translated by I. de Rachewiltz, 2006). Vitruvius, De architectura (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by F. Granger, 1931). Xenophon, Anabasis (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by C.L. Brownson and revised by J. Dillery, 1998). Xenophon, Cyropaedia (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by W. Miller, 1914, in two volumes). Xenophon, Hellenica (Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press (translated by C.L. Brownson, 1968, in seven volumes). Xuanzang, Si-yu-ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World. London: Trübner & Co. (translated by S. Beal, 1884). al-Ya’qubi, Les Pays. Cairo: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale (translated by G. Wiet, 1937). Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang Bingshu [Zhuge Liang’s military treatise]. Beijing: Beijing yanshan chubanshe (edited by Yan Kai, 2008). Unpublished modern archive reports Gryaznov, M.P. 1964. Otchet o raskopkah Karasukskogo otrjada v 1964. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences: R-1/2955, 2955a. Kolotukhin, V.A. 1987. Otchet o rabotakh SeveroKrymskay v 1987. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev: 1987/29. Kovaleva, I.F. and V.N. Shalobudov 1993. Otchet o nauchno-issledovatelskoj rabote po teme Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Dnepropetrovskoj oblasti v 1993 g. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev: 1993/70. Kubishev, А.І., V.V. Dorofeyev and А.L. Nechitailo 1984. Otchet о raskopkah Khersonskoi arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsiyi Instituta Arkheologii Akademii Nauk USSR. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev: 1984. Kubishev, А.І., V.V. Dorofeyev, Yu.А. Shilov, А.L. Nechitailo, S.А. Kupriy, N.L. Shevchenko, Yu.I. Tolkachov, А. Sh Amirkhanov, М.І. Abikulova and V.P. Bylkova 1983. Otchet o rabotakh Khersonskoy Arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii v zone s-va Kakhovskoy orositel’noy sistemy v Khersonskoy i Zaporozhskoy obl. v 1983 g. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev: 1983/26. Kubishev, А.I., Yu.A. Shilov, N.V. Kovalev and А.V. Simonenko 1989. Otchet o rabotakh Chersonskoy ekspeditsii v zone stroitel’stva Kakhovskoy orositel’noy sistemy (raskopki kurganov) v. 1989 g. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev: 1989/21. Kyzlasov, L.R. 1969b. Otchet o rabote Khakasskoy ekspeditsii Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta v 1969 g. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, Moscow, Russian Academy of Sciences: R-1/4010. Kyzlasov, L.R. 1973. Otchet o rabote Khakasskoy ekspeditsii Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, Moscow, Russian Academy of Sciences: R-1/5096. Leighton, C. and St J. Simpson 2018. Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia. Summative report on the making of an exhibition at the British Museum. 688 Bibliography Leskov, O.M., А.І. Kubishev, Ya.І. Boldin, N.P. Zaraiska, V.V. Otroshchenko, N.N. Cherednichenko, А.N. Rumiantsev and S.B. Yastrebova 1970. Otchet o rabote Kakhovskoi ekspeditsii. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, Moscow, Russian Academy of Sciences. Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. On the study of the collections from the Mongolian-Tibetan expedition in 1928. Fonds 2/Inventory 1/1928/File 76. Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. On the despatch of artefacts from the collection from Pyotr Kozlov’s Mongolian-Tibetan expedition for the exhibition in Berlin. Correspondence. 1928/9. Fonds 2. Inventory 1, 1928–1929. File 86. Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Fonds 2/Inventory 1/1930/ File 62. Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archive of the Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Commission on the liquidation of the Repository of Antiquities (Transfer according to deeds). Fonds 2/Inventory 1/1931/File 750. Mongiatti, A., N. Meeks and S. La Niece 2011. Scientific investigation of two gold artefacts from the temporary exhibition 'Afghanistan: Crossroads of the Ancient World', CSR Analytical Request AR 2011/7, unpublished report, British Museum Department of Scientific Research, London. Photographic Department of the Scientific Archive of the Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Borovko G.I. The exhibition of Chinese art in Berlin (photo). O. 759. Pleshivenko, A.G. 1987. Otchet o raskopkakh kurganov v Kamensko-Dneprovskom rayone Zaporozhskoy oblasti v 1987 godu. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev: 1987/185. Rooijakkers, T. 2011. Reconstruction drawings of the dress worn by the deceased individuals excavated at Tillya tepe, made in support of the graphic design for the exhibition Afghanistan: Crossroads of the ancient world. Department of the Middle East, The British Museum. The Archive of the State Hermitage Museum. Personal file of G.I. Borovko, 19th September 1917–26th November 1930. Fonds 1/Inventory 13/File 103. The Archive of the State Hermitage Museum. 1931. Direction and Scientific Section. Lists and Acts of Transfer to the Hermitage of museum items from various institutions and private individuals and their recording in the Hermitage inventory. Vol. I/ Fonds 1/Inventory V/File 1191/1. The Archive of the State Hermitage Museum. 1934. The transfer to the Hermitage of museum items from various institutions and private individuals and their recording in the Hermitage Museum’s inventory. Fonds 1/Inventory V/File 1789/78. Tite, M.S. 1986. Report on the scientific examination of an etched carnelian bead / Report on the scientific examination of replicate etched carnelian beads (submitted by S. Martikainen and S. Hornytzkyj, Helsinki). Unpublished report, British Museum Research Laboratory, London. Tsarev, N.V. 1998. Textil’ iz ranneskifskogo tsentralnoaziatskogo kurgana Arzhan. Chapter 1 in: Textil’iz kurganov rannih kochevnikov Tsentralnoi Azii I tys. do n.e. (po materialam kollektsii Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha): 11-26. Unpublished diploma, Archaeology Department, History Faculty, St. Petersburg State University. Yevdokimov, G.L., Ya.P. Gershkovich and М.I. Fridman 1988. Otchet o rabote Krasnoznamenskoy ekspeditsii v 1988 g.. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev: 1988/19. Yevdokimov, G.L., Ya.P. Gershkovich, М.I. Fridman and А.G. Porutskij 1983. Otchet Krasnoznamennoy ekspeditsii o raskopkah kurganov v Khersonskoj oblasti v 1983 g.. Unpublished report, Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev: 1983/2. Modern published literature Acquaro, E. and P. De Vita 2009. The Phoenicians. History and Treasures of an Ancient Civilization. Italy: White Star Publishers. Adali, S.F. 2017. Cimmerians and the Scythians: the impact of nomadic powers on the Assyrian empire and the ancient Near East, in H.J. Kim, F.J. Vervaet and S.F. Adali (eds) Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: contact and exchange between the Graeco-Roman World, Inner Asia and China: 60–81. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Adamova, A.T. and A.B. Nikitin (eds) 2004. Iran v Ermitazhe. Sozdaniye kollektsiy. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Adams, N., ed. 2008. Masterpieces of Ancient Eurasian Art. Selected Objects of Gold and Silver from private Western European and North American collections, 6th century BC – 2nd century AD. London and Bonn: Eurasian Art Ltd. Adams, T. 2017. Siberia’s softer side, The Observer 17th September: 25. Adrianov, A.V. 1903a. Oglakhtinsky mogilnik. XXIX Illyustrirovannoye prilozheniye k gazete ‘Sibirskaya zhizn’ 249 (16 November): 2–4. Adrianov, A.V. 1903b. Oglakhtinsky mogilnik. XXX Illyustrirovannoye prilozheniye k gazete ‘Sibirskaya zhizn’ 254 (23 November): 2. 689 Bibliography Adrianov, A.V. 1908. Obsledovanie pisanits v Minusinskom krae letom 1907 goda. Izvestija Russkogo Komiteta dlya izucheniya Sredney i Vostochnoy Azii 8: 37–46. St. Petersburg. Agarwal, S.C. and B.A. Glencross 2011. Building a social bioarchaeology, in S.C. Agarwal and B.A. Glencross (eds) Social Bioarchaeology: 1–11. Chichester: WileyBlackwell. Agulnikov, S.M., S.S. Popovich, S.V. Tserna and D.A. Topal 2013. Skifskiy kurgan № 7 u s. Purkary na Nizhnem Dnestre. Stratum plus 2013/3: 257–84. Ahmed, M. 2002. Living fabric: weaving among the nomads of Ladakh Himalaya. Trumbull (CT): Weatherhill. Akishev, A.K. 1976. Novyye khudozhestvennyye izdeliya iz bronzy sakskogo vremeni, in K.A. Akishev (ed.) Proshloye Kazakhstana po arkheologicheskim istochnikam: 183–95. Alma-Ata: Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences. Akishev, A.K. 1978. Kurgan Issyk. Iskusstvo sakov Kazakhstana. Moscow: ‘Artiya’. Akishev, A.K. 1984a. Iskusstvo i mifologiya sakov. AlmaAta: Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences. Akishev, A.K. 1984b. Obraz verblyuda v legendakh Tsentral’noy Azii, in I.N. Gemuev and Yu.S. Khudyakov (eds) Etnografiya narodov Sibiri: 69– 76. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Akishev, K. and A. Akishev 1998. Ancient gold of Kazakhstan. Almaty: DIDAR. Alekseev, A.Yu. 1984. O meste Chertomlytskogo kurgana v khronologichesky sisteme pogrebeniy skifskoy znati IV–III vv. do n.e. Arkheologichesky sbornik gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 25: 65–75. Alekseev, A.Yu. 1986. Nashivnye bljashki iz Chertomlytskogo kurgana, in N.L. Grach (ed.) Antichnaja torevtika: 64–74. Leningrad: State Hermitage Museum. Alekseev, A.Yu. 1991. Etyud ob akinakakh, in L.S. Klein, Arkheologicheskaya tipologiya: 271–80. Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Alekseev, A.Yu. 1993. Unikalnyye ukrasheniya konskoy uzdy iz Aleksandropolskogo kurgana. Peterburgskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik 6: 72–75. Alekseev, A.Yu. 2000a. Les scythes avant et après Alexandre de Macédoine, in L’Asie des steppes: d’Alexandre le Grand à Gengis Khan: 32–37. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux-Fundació ‘La Caixa’. Alekseev, A.Yu. 2000b. The Scythians: Asian and European, in J. Aruz, A. Farkas, A. Alekseev and E. Korolkova (eds) The Golden Deer of Eurasia: Scythian and Sarmatian treasures from the Russian steppes, The State Hermitage, St. Petersburg, and the Archaeological Museum, Ufa: 41–47. New York: Metropolitan Museum and Yale University Press. Alekseev, A.Yu. 2000c. Naconechniki strel iz Aleksandropol’skogo kurgana i ikh znacheniye dlya istorii skifskikh drevnostey IV v. do n.e., in V.Yu. Zuev (ed.) ΣΥΣΣΙΤΙΑ: pamyati Yuriya Viktorovicha Andreyeva: 295–303. St. Petersburg: Aleteyya Publishers. Alekseev, A.Yu. 2003a. Khronografiya Evropeyskoy Skifii VII–IV vekov do n.e. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Publishing House. Alekseev, A.Yu. 2003b. Greben iz kurgana Solokha i skifskie zari 5.-4. vekov do n.e. Arkheologichesky sbornik gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 36: 72–88. Alekseev, A.Yu. 2008. ‘Starshiye’ kelermesskiye kurgany, in Trudy II (XVIII) Vserossiyskogo arkheologicheskogo syezda v Suzdale: 9/10. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Alekseev, A.Yu. 2009. Kamenny zhertvennik ili baza antropomorfnogo izvayaniya?, in S.S. Bessonova (ed.) Epokha rannego zheleza: 12–18. Kiev and Poltava: Institute of Archaeology, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences. Alekseev, A.Yu. 2012. Zoloto skifskikh tsareĭ v sobranii Ėrmitazha. St. Petersburg: The Art Book (separate editions). Alekseev, A.Yu. and Т.М. Kuznetsova 2001. Kelermes (1990 g. – mound No. 31), in M.P. Abramova and V.I. Markovin (eds) Severny Kavkaz: istorikoarkheologicheskiye ocherki i zametki (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii Rossii) 3: 71–85. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Alekseev, A.Yu. and T.V. Ryabkova 2013. Otnositelnaya khronologiya skifskikh Kelermesskikh kurganov, in Shestaya mezhdunarodnaya kubanskaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya: 13–18. Krasnodar: Ekoinvest. Alekseev, A.Yu., V.Yu. Murzin and R. Rolle 1991. Chertomlyk. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Alekseev, A.Yu., N.A. Bokovenko, S.S. Vasiliev, V.A. Dergachev, G.I. Zaitseva, N.N. Kovalyukh, G. Cook, J. Plicht, G. Possnert, A.A. Sementsov, E.M. Scott and K.V. Chugunov 2005. Evraziya v skifskuyu epokhu. Radiouglerodnaya i arkheologicheskaya khronologiya. St. Petersburg: ‘Teza’. Alekseev, A.Yu., E.F. Korolkova, T.V. Rjabkova and E.V. Stepanova 2017. The Scythians and their Cultural Contacts, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 276–82. London: Thames and Hudson. Alekseeva, E.M. 1975. Antichnye busy Severnogo Prichernomor’ja (Svod arkheologicheskih istochnikov) (Part I). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Alekseeva, E.M. 1978. Antichnye busy Severnogo Prichernomor’ja (Svod arkheologicheskih istochnikov) (Part II). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Alekseeva, E.M. 1982. Antichnye busy Severnogo Prichernomor’ja (Svod arkheologicheskih istochnikov) (Part III). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Alexandrescu, P. 1997. Zum goldenen Fisch von Witaszkovo (ehem. Vettersfelde), in C. Becker (ed.) Chrόnos. Beiträge zur prähistorischen Archäologie zwischen Nord- und Südost Europa. Festschrift für 690 Bibliography Bernhard Hänsel. Internationale Archäeologie Studia Honoria 1: 683–84. Espekamp: Marie Leidorf. Alishan, L. 1989. Rostamica I: on the epithet tāj.bakhsh. Studia Iranica 18: 3–26. Allan, J. 1914. Catalogue of the Coins of the Gupta Dynasties and of Śaśāṅka, king of Gauḍa. London: The British Museum. Allen, L. 2005. The Persian Empire. London: British Museum Press. Allott, K. 1973. The ‘Scythian’ in ‘The Strayed Reveller’. Victorian Poetry 11: 163–66. Altynbekov, K. 2013. Vozrozhdenaya iz pepla. Rekonstruktsiya po materialam pogrebeniya zhritsy iz kompleksa Taksay I. Almaty: Island of Crimea. Aman ur Rahman et al. 2006. A Hunnish Kushan-shah. Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archæology 1: 125–31. Amandry, P. 1959. La Toreutique achéménide. Antike Kunst 2: 38-56. Ambers, J. and St J. Simpson 2005. Some pigment identifications for objects from Persepolis. ARTA 2005/002: 1–13. Ambers, J., C.R. Cartwright, C. Higgitt, D. Hook, E. Passmore, St J. Simpson, G. Verri, C. Ward and B. Wills 2014. Looted, Recovered, Returned: Antiquities from Afghanistan. A detailed scientific and conservation record of a group of ivory and bone furniture overlays excavated at Begram, stolen from the National Museum of Afghanistan, privately acquired on behalf of Kabul, analysed and conserved at the British Museum and returned to the National Museum of Afghanistan in 2012. Oxford: Archaeopress Archaeology. Ambroz, A.K. 1973. Stremena i sedla rannego srednevekovya kak khronologichesky pokazatel (IV–VIII vv.). Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1973/4: 81–98. Ambroz, A.K. 1979. K statye A.V. Dmitrieva. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1979/11: 229–31. Ambroz, A.K. 1992. Bospor. Khronologiya rannesrednevekovykh drevnostey. Bosporsky sbornik 1: 6–108. Moscow: ‘Arche’. Amzarakov, P.B. and O.V. Kovaleva 2016. Pamyatniki tashtykskoi cultury mogilnika Abakan 8. Nauchnoe obozrenie Sayano-Altaya 1/13: 48–63. Anarbaev, A.A. 1990. Drevniy nekropol’ Fergancev. Priroda 1990/4: 57–61. Anarbaev, A.A. and B. Matbabaev 1994. An Early Medieval Urban Necropolis in Ferghana. Silk Road Art and Archaeology 3: 223–49. Ancient Orient Museum 1998. Ancient Persia. Arts and Cultures on the Silk Road. Tokyo: Ancient Orient Museum. Andreeva, P. 2018. Fantastic Beasts of the Eurasian Steppes: Toward A Revisionist Approach to AnimalStyle Art. Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations, 2963. André-Salvini, B. 1999. L’idéologie des pierres en Mésopotamie, in A. Caubet (ed.) Cornaline et pierres précieuses. La Méditerranée, de l’Antiquité à l’Islam. Actes du colloque organise au muse du Louvre par le Service culturel les 24 et 25 novembre 1995: 373–400. Paris: La Documentation française and Musée du Louvre. Andrés-Toledo, M.Á. 2016. The Zoroastrian Law to Expel the Demons: Wīdēwdād 10–15. Critical Edition, Translation and Glossary of the Avestan and Pahlavi Texts. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Andreae, B. 1973. Römische Kunst (Ars Antiqua). Freiburg: Herder. Andronikos, M. 1984. Vergina: the royal tombs and the ancient city. Athens: Ekdotike Athenon S.A.P. Andrukh, S.I. 1988. Pogrebeniye ranneskifskogo voina v Prisivashye. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1988/1: 159– 70. Andrukh, S.I. and G.N. Toshchev 1999. Mogilnik MamaiGora, t. 1. Zaporozhye: Zaporozhye State University Press. Andrukh, S.I. and G.N. Toschev 2012. Mogilnik skifskogo vremeni Mamay-gora, in W. Blajer (ed.) Peregrinationes archaeologiae in Asia et Europa. Joanni Chochorowski dedicatae: 485–90. Krakow: ProfilArheo. Anikeeva, O.V., M.S. Shemakhanskaya and L.T. Yablonsky 2017. Juvelirnye shedevry akhemenidskoy epokhi iz grobnicy znatoy zhenshchiny v yuzhnom Priurale, in V.V. Kidji I.V. Poskacheva and N.V. Tsarev (eds) Yuvelirnoe iskusstvo i materialnaya kultura: 5–11. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Annen, S. and B. Helwing (eds) 2017. Iran. Frühe Kulturen zwischen Wasser und Wüste. Bonn: Bundeskunsthalle and Hirmer. Anon. (M.F.) 1884. Collection Lemmé à Odessa. Odessa: P. Franzow. Anon. 1952. Obituary: Professor Michael Rostovtzeff. The Times 22nd October: 8. Anon. 1988. Shiruku rōdo, oashisu to sōgen no michi [The Grand Exhibition of Silk Road Civilizations. The Silk Road: oasis and steppe routes]. Nara: Nara Kenritsu Bijutsukan and Nara Prefectural Museum of Art. Anon. 2001. Àsia, ruta de les estepes. D’Alexandre el Gran a Genguis Khan. Barcelona: Fundació La Caixa. Anon. 2016. Armenia. Legends of Existence. Moscow: State Historical Museum. Anon. 2017. Scythians: Warriors of Ancient Siberia. Time Out 19th December: 75. Anthony, D.W. 2007. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language. How Bronze Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Anthony, D.W., D.R. Brown, O.D. Mochalov, A.A. Kochlov and P.F. Kuznetsov (eds) 2016. A Bronze Age Landscape in the Russian Steppes: The Samara Valley Project (Monumenta Archaeologica 5). Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. Appelgren-Kivalo, H. 1931. Alt-Altaische Kunstdenkmäler. Helsinki: Finnish Antiquarian Society. Appleyard, H.M. 1978. Guide to the Identification of animal fibres. Leeds: Wira. 691 Bibliography Arapova T.B. (ed.) 2010. ‘Veter v sosnakh …’ 5000 let koreyskogo iskusstva. Iz Natsionalnogo muzeya Korei. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Arch, N. and J. Marschener 1987. Splendour at Court: Dressing for Royal Occasions since 1700. London: Batsford. Arkell, A.J. 1936. Cambay and the Bead Trade. Antiquity 10/39 (September): 292–305, pls I–IV. Armbruster, B.R. 2005. Technological Aspects of the Oxus Treasure Bracelets, in J. Curtis and N. Tallis (eds) Forgotten Empire. The World of Ancient Persia: 135–36. London: British Museum Press. Armbruster, B.R. 2006. Technische Beobachtungen, in K.V. Chugunov, H. Parzinger and A. Nagler (eds) Der Goldschatz von Aržan. Ein Fürstengrab der Skythenzeit in der südsibirischen Steppe: 113–43. München: Schirmer and Mosel. Armbruster, B.R. 2007. Die Goldschmiedetechnik von Arzhan 2, in W. Menghin and H. Parzinger (eds) Im Zeichen des Goldenen Greifen. Königs Gräber der Skythen: 95–99. Munich / Berlin / London / New York: Prestel. Armbruster, B.R. 2009. Old technology of the ancient Scythians – Gold from the kurgan Arzhan 2, Tuva. Archéosciences 33: 187–93. Armbruster, B.R. 2010. Technologische Aspekte der Goldschmiedekunst aus Aržan 2, in K. Chugunov, H. Parzinger and A. Nagler (eds) Der skythenzeitliche Fürstenkurgan Aržan 2 in Tuva (Archäologie in Eurasien 26 / Steppenvölker Eurasiens 3): 183–99. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Arnăut, T. 2003. Vestigii ale sec. VII–III a. Chr. în spațiul de la răsărit de Carpați. Chisinau: State University of Moldova. Arrowsmith, S. 2015. Mappa mundi: Hereford’s curious map. Little Logaston [Herefordshire]: Logaston Press. Artamonov, М.I. 1966. Sokrovishcha skifskikh kurganov v sobranii gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. Prague and Leningrad: ‘Artiya’. Artamonov, М.I. 1971. Skifo-sibirskoye iskusstvo zverinogo stilya (osnovnye etapy i napravleniya), in Problemy skifskoy arkheologii. Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR 177: 24–35. Artamonov, М.I. 1973. Sokrovishcha Sakov. Amu-Darinskij klad, Altajskie kurgany, Minusinskie bronzy, Sibirskoe zoloto. Moscow: ‘Artiya’. Aruz, J., A. Farkas, A. Alekseev and E. Korolkova (eds) 2000. The Golden Deer of Eurasia. Scythian and Sarmatian Treasures from the Russian Steppes. New York and New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art and Yale University Press. Aruz, J. and E. Valtz Fino (eds) 2012. Afghanistan: Forging Civilizations along the Silk Road. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Aruz, J., A. Farkas and E. Valtz Fino (eds) 2006. The Golden Deer of Eurasia: Perspectives on the Steppe Nomads of the Ancient World. New York and New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Asheri, D., A. Lloyd and A. Corcella 2007. A Commentary on Herodotus Books I–IV. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Aspden, P. 2017. Tribal gathering. Financial Times Weekend, Life and Arts (26–27 August): 11. Astasheva, N.I. and V.V. Murasheva 2003. Kon i vsadnik. Vzglyad skvoz veka. Moscow: State Historical Museum. Atwood, C.P. 2012. Huns and Xiōngnú: New Thoughts on an Old Problem, in B.J. Boeck, R.E. Martin and D. Rowland (eds) Studies in History and Culture in Honor of Donald Ostrowski: 27–52. Bloomington (IN): Slavica. Ausstellung Сhinesischer Kunst 1929. Veranstaltet von der Gesellschaft für Ostasiatische Kunst und der Preußischen Akademie der Künste. Berlin: Würfel Verlag. Avram, А. 1996. Histria VIII. Les timbres amphoriques. 1. Thasos, Editura enciclopedicǎ. Bucharest and Paris: de Boccard. Azarpay, G. 1959. Some Classical and Near Eastern Motifs in the Art of Pazyryk. Artibus Asiae 22/4: 313–39. Babae, E.V. and R. Mehrafarin 2014. The Analysis of Sacred Zoomorphic Patterns in Sassanian Art. International Journal of Management and Humanity Sciences 3/8: 2752–60. Babenko, L.I. 2005. Pesochinskiy kurgannyy mogilnik skifskogo vremeni. Kharkov: Rayder. Babenko, L.I. and O.V. Shelekhan 2015. Kindzhali z segmentopodibnim perekhrestyam u zibranni Kharkivs’kogo istorichnogo muzeyu. Arkheologiya 4: 77–91. Babenko, T.N., N.Yu. Bredis and L.S. Klochko 2001. Fragmenty tkani iz muzhskogo zakhoroneniya v Bolshom Ryzhanonskom kurgane. Vostochnoevropeiskij Archeologicheskij Zhurnal 2/9: 317–20. Babeș, M. 1993. Die Poienesti – Lukasevka – Kultur. Ein Beitrag zur Kulturgeschichte im Raum östlich der Karpaten in den letzten Jahrhunderten vor Christi Geburt. Bonn: Habelt. Babler, B. 2005. Bobbies or boobies? The Scythian police force in classical Athens, in D. Braund (ed.) Scythians and Greeks. Cultural Interactions in Scythia, Athens and the Early Roman Empire (Sixth Century BC–First Century AD): 113–22. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. Bacon, E. 1958. Obok: A Study of Social Structure in Eurasia. New York: Wenner-Gren Foundation. Bailey, H.W. 1946. Gāndhārī. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 11: 764–97. Bailey, H.W. 1958. Languages of the Saka, in Iranistik: erster Abschnitt, Linguistik (Handbuch der Orientalistik I.4.1): 131–54. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Bailey, H.W. 1968. Saka Documents: text volume [I] (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum V.I). London: Percy Lund, Humphries and Co. Bailey, H.W. 1970. Saka studies: the ancient kingdom of Khotan. Iran 8: 65–72. Bailey, H.W. 1971a. Trends in Iranian studies. The Memoirs of the Toyo Bunko 29: 1–16. 692 Bibliography Bailey, H.W. 1971b. The culture of the Iranian kingdom of ancient Khotan in Chinese Turkestan: the expansion of early Indian influence into Northern Asia. The Memoirs of the Toyo Bunko 29: 17–29. Bailey, H.W. 1972. A half-century of Irano-Indian studies. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 2: 99–110. Bailey, H.W. 1976a. Sakastāna, in I. Afshar (ed.) Farhang-i Irān zamīn [Miscellanea in Honorem Ibrahim Purdavud / Yādgār Nāmeh-yi Pūrdāvūd] 21: 8–12. Bailey, H.W. 1976b. Saka of Khotan and Ossetia. Philologia Orientalis 4: 34–39. Bailey, H.W. 1977/78. North Iranian Saka. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute [Diamond Jubilee Volume] 58/59: 45–46. Bailey, H.W. 1978. The orbit of Afghan studies. Afghan Studies 1: 1–8. Bailey, H.W. 1979a. North Iranian problems. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 42: 207–10. Bailey, H.W. 1979b. Dictionary of Khotan Saka. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bailey, H.W. 1982. The Culture of the Sakas in ancient Iranian Khotan (Columbia Lectures in Iranian Studies 1). Delmar [NY]: Caravan Books. Bailey, H.W. 1983. Khotanese Saka literature, in E. Yarshater (ed.) The Cambridge History of Iran: the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods: vol. 3/2, 1230– 43. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bailey, H.W. 1985a. Indo-Scythian Studies: Being Khotanese Texts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bailey, H.W. 1985b. Saka, in Khotanese texts VII: 63–75. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Baipakov, K.M., D. Voyakin and S.V. Zakharov 2016. Mogilnik Karatuma. Nekropol’ rannego zheleznego veka v Semirechye. Almaty: TOO ‘Archeologicheskaya ekspertiza’. Bakker, H.T. 2005. A note on Skandagupta’s Bhitarī Inscription, vv. 8–12, in R.K. Sharma and Devendra Handa (eds) Revealing the Past: recent trends in art and archaeology. Prof. Ajay Mitra Shastri Commemoration Volume: 248–51. New Delhi: Aryan Books. Bakker, H.T. 2006. A Theatre of Broken Dreams. Vidiśā in the Days of Gupta Hegemony, in M. Brandtner and S. Kumar Panda (eds) Interrogating History. Essays for Hermann Kulke: 165–87. New Delhi: Manohar. Bakker, H.T. 2014. The World of the Skandapurāṇa. Northern India in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries (Supplement to Groningen Oriental Studies). Leiden: E.J. Brill. Bakker, H.T. 2017. Monuments of Hope, Gloom, and Glory, in the Age of the Hunnic Wars. 50 Years that Changed India (484–534). Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 24th J. Gonda Lecture 2016. Bakker, H.T. 2018. A Buddhist Foundation in Śārdīysa. A new interpretation of the Schøyen Copper Scroll. Indo-Iranian Journal 61: 1–19. Balakhvantsev, A.S. 2015. Bimetallichesky klevets iz Buguruslan i problema stanovleniya ranneskifskoy kultury, in S.I. Luk’jashko (ed.) Voina i voennoe delo v skifo-sarmatskom mire. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy pamyati A. I. Melyukovoy: 22–25. Rostov: Southern Scientific Centre. Balakhvantsev, A.S. and L.T. Yablonsky 2007. Akhemenidskaja emal’ iz Filippovki (problema khronologii pamyatnika). Rossiyskaya Arkheologiya 2007/1: 143–49. Balakina, G.G., V.G. Vasilyev and V.I. Mamatyuk 2005. Issledovaniye krasnyh i sinih krasitelej v obrazcah drevnego tekstilia, in N.V. Polosmak and L.L. Barkova (eds) Kostyum i tekstil’ pazyryktsev Altaya: 194–97. Novosibirsk: Infolio Press. Ball, W. 2010. Towards One World: Ancient Persia and the West (Asia in Europe and the Making of the West 2). London: East and West. Balmaki, B. 2016. New Evidence for the Achaemenid Royal Road in the Alvand Mountains (Hamedan, Iran). Antiquity Project Gallery 349/90 (February): https://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/balmaki349 Balogh, D. (ed.) 2020. Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia. Sources for their Origin and History. Groningen: Barkhuis. Bandurovsky, A.V., Yu.V. Buynov and A.K. Degtyar 1998. Novye issledovaniya kurganov skifskogo vremeni v okrestnostyakh g. Lyubotina, in Yu.V. Buynov (ed.) Lyubotinskoye gorodishche: 143–82. Kharkov: Regioninform. Bao, M. 1989. Cemeteries on the outskirts of Loulan, China. Archaeological Textile Newsletter 8: 4–5. Baratov, S.R. 2019. K k probleme istokov i khronologii urbanizirovannoy kultury Khorezmskogo oazisa. Unpublished paper delivered at the International Scientific Conference, ‘Antiquities of Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Southern Siberia in the context of relations and interactions in the Eurasian cultural space (new data and concepts), dedicated to the 90th birth anniversary of Vadim M. Masson’, St. Petersburg, 18th November 2019. Barbier, J.-P. 1996. Art des steppes. Ornements et pièces de mibilier funéraire scyto-sibérien dans les collections du Musée Barbier-Mueller. Geneva: Musée BarbierMueller. Bârcă, V. 2012. Funerary Rite and Rituals of the Early Sarmatians (second and first centuries BC) in the area between the mouths of the Don and the Danube, in R. Kogălniceanu, R-G. Curcă, M. Gligor and S. Stratton (eds) Homines, Funera, Astra. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Funerary Anthropology, 5–8 June 2011, ‘1 Decembrie 1918’ University (Alba Iulia, Romania) (BAR International Series 2410): 141–55. Oxford: Archaeopress. Barfield, T. 1981a. The Hsiung-nu Imperial Confederacy: Organization and Foreign Policy. Journal of Asian Studies 41: 45–61. Barfield, T. 1981b. The Central Asian Arabs of Afghanistan: Pastoral Nomadism in Transition. Austin: University of Texas Press. 693 Bibliography Barfield, T. 1989. The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China. Cambridge (MA): Blackwell. Barfield, T. 1993. The Nomadic Alternative. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice Hall. Barfield, T. 2002. Turk, Persian and Arab: Changing Relationships between Tribes and State in Iran and along Its Frontiers, in N. Keddie (ed.) Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics: 61–88. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Barfield, T. 2006. Nomadny Pastoralizm vo Vnutrenney Azii, in L.E. Grinin, D.M. Bondarenko, N.N. Kradin and A.V. Korotaev (eds) Rannee gosudarstvo, ego alternativy i analogy: Sbornik statey: 415–41. Volgograd: Uchitel. Barkova, L.L. 1979. Pogrebeniye koney v kurgane Shibe. Arkheologichesky sbornik gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 20: 55–65. Barkova, L.L. 1999. Konskaya maska iz pervogo Pazyrykskogo kurgana. Arkheologichesky sbornik gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 34: 97–101. Barkova, L.L. and S.V. Pankova 2005. Tattooed Mummies from the Large Pazyryk Mounds: New Findings. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 22 (2005/2): 48–59. Barnes, J. (ed.) 1995. The Complete Works of Aristotle, Volume Two. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Barnett, R.D. 1975. Assyrian Sculpture in the British Museum. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. Barthold, W. 1977. Turkestan down to the Mongol Invasion. [UK]: E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Trust (fourth edition). Barthold, W. 1987. Khotan, in M.Th. Houtsma, A.J. Wensinck, T.W. Arnold, W. Heffening and E. LeviProvençal (eds) E.J. Brill’s First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936: vol. 4, 969–70. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Barthold, V.V. and J.M. Rogers 1970. The burial rites of the Turks and the Mongols. Central Asiatic Journal 14/1–3: 105–27. Bartholomae, C. 1904. Altiranisches Wörterbuch. Strassburg: Karl J. Trübner. Batchayev, V.M., T.B. Bartseva and B.M. Kerefov 1985. Arkheologicheskiye issledovaniya na novostroykakh Kabardino-Balkarii v 1972–1979 gg., t. 2. Nalchik: Elbrus. Batsukh, D. 2015. Les tombes de la culture de Pazyryk de l’Altaï mongol, in P.-H. Giscard and T. Turbat (eds) France–Mongolie: Découvertes archéologiques. Vingt ans de partenariat. Catalogue d’exposition / MongolFrant︠s︡yn arkheologiĭn nėėltu̇ u̇d. Khoryn zhiliĭn khamtyn azhillagaa. Uzėsgėlėngiĭn katalog: 81–95. Ulan Bator: ShUA-iĭn Tu̇u̇kh, arkheologiĭn khu̇rėėlėn. Baughman, E. 2003. Scythian Archers, in C.W. Blackwell (ed.) Dēmos: Classical Athenian Democracy: 1–3, in A. Mahoney and R. Scaife (eds) The Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org] edition of 30 January 2003. Baumer, C. 2012. The History of Central Asia: the Age of the Steppe Warriors. London: I.B. Tauris. Baumer, C. 2014. The History of Central Asia: the Age of the Silk Roads. London: I.B. Tauris. Bazarsad, N. 2003. Four cases of trepanation from Mongolia, in R. Arnott, S. Finger and C.U.M. Smith (eds) Trepanation: History, Discovery, Theory: 203–208. Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger. Beck, H.C. 1930. Notes on Sundry Asiatic Beads. Man 30 (article 134): 166–82. Beck, H.C. 1933. Etched Carnelian Beads. The Antiquaries Journal 13/49: 384–98, pls LXVI–LXXI. Beck, H.C. 1941. The Beads from Taxila (Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India 65). Calcutta: Government of India. Beck, P. 1972. A note on the reconstruction of the Achaemenid robe. Iranica Antiqua 9: 116–22. Beck, U., M. Wagner, X. Li, D. Durkin-Meisterernst and P.E. Tarasov 2014. The invention of trousers and its likely affiliation with horseback riding and mobility: a case study of late 2nd millennium BC finds from Turfan in eastern Central Asia. Quaternary International 348 (October): 224–35. Beckwith, C.I. 1984. Aspects of the Early History of the Central Asian Guard Corps in Islam. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 4: 29–43. (reprinted in C.E. Bosworth (ed.) The Turks in the Early Islamic World: 275–89. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007). Beckwith, C.I. 2009. Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press. Beckwith, C.I. 2010. A Note on the Heavenly Kings of Ancient and Medieval Central Eurasia. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 17: 7–10. Beckwith, C.I. 2016. The earliest Chinese words for ‘the Chinese’: the phonology, meaning, and origin of the epithet Ḥarya ~ Ārya in East Asia. Journal Asiatique 304/2: 231–48. Beckwith, C.I. 2018a. On the Ethnolinguistic Identity of the Hsiung-nu’, in Zs. Gulacsi (ed.) Language, Government, and Religion in the World of the Turks: Festschrift for Larry Clark at Seventy-Five (Silk Road Studies 19): 33–55. Turnhout: Brepols. Beckwith, C.I. 2018b. The three Ecbatanas and the Silk Road. The Silk Road: Between Central Eurasia and China, Second Indiana University – Peking University Workshop, Bloomington, 23–24 March 2018. Beckwith, C.I. forthcoming. The Scythian Empire and the Classical Revolution in Persia and China. Beijing Shi Wenwu Yanjiusuo 2007. Jundushan mudi: Yuhuangmiao [Jundushan cemetery: Yuhuangmiao]. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. Beisenov, A.Z. 2002. Kurgany s ‘usami’ – kultovye pamyatniki sakov Centralnogo Kazakhstana, in E.V. Yarovoy (ed.) Drevneyshie obshchnosti zemledelcev i skotovodov Severnogo Prichernomoriya (V tys. do n.e.–V v. n.e.): 213–16. Tiraspol: Scientific-research laboratory ‘Archaeology’. Beisenov, A.Z. 2013a. Die nekropole Taldy-2 in beziehung zu den kulturen der fruhsakishen zeit osteurasiens, in T. Stöllner and Z. Samashev (eds) Unbekanntes 694 Bibliography Kasachistan. Archäologie im Herzen Asien. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Bergbaumuseum Bochum: vol. II 595– 608. Bochum: Deutsches Bergbau Museum. Beisenov, A.Z. 2013b. Predmety iskusstva rannih sakov Saryarki kak svidetel’stva vzaimodejstvija kultur. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 3(55): 13–17. Beisenov, A.Z. 2015. Poseleniya i mogilniki sakskoi epochi Centralnogo Kazakhstana, in A.Z. Beisenov (ed.) Sakskaya kultura Saryarki v kontekste izucheniya etnosotsiokulturnykh protsessov Stepnoy Evrazii: sbornik statey, posvyashchenny pamyati arkheologa K.A. Akisheva: 11–38. Almaty: Research Centre of History and Archaeology ‘Begazy-Tasmola’. Beisenov, A.Z. 2017а. Tasmolinskaiya kultura Saryarki, in A.Z. Beisenov (ed.) Kazakhstan v sakskuiu epochu: 59–100. Almaty: Institute of Archaeology. Beisenov, A.Z. 2017b. Kurgany s ‘usami’ Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana, in A.Z. Beisenov and V.G. Loman (eds) Archeologitcheskoe nasledie Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana: izutchenie i sohranenie. Sbornuk statei, posvyatshennyi 70-letiy Tsentralno-Kazakhstanskoi Archeologitcheskoi Ekspedithii: 31–37. Almaty: Research Centre of History and Archaeology ‘Begazy-Tasmola’. Beisenov, A.Z., D.B. Duisenbay and S.V. Svyatko 2017. Kurgan s ‘usami’ Jamantas. Samarski nautchnyi vestnik 3: 227–31. Beisenov, A.Z., U.U. Umitkaliev and M.A. Kulkova 2016. Radiouglerodnaya data kurgana s ‘usami’ Kyrykungir (Vostochnaya Saryarka). Evraziya v kajnozoe. Stratigrafiya, paleoehkologiya, kultury 5: 249– 55. Beisenov, A.Z., A.O. Ismagulova, E.P. Kitov and A.O. Kitova 2015. Naselenie Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana v I tys. do n.e. Almaty: Institute of Archaeology. Beisenov, A.Z., S.V. Svyatko, A.E. Kassenalin, K.A. Zhambulatov, D. Duisenbai and P.J. Reimer [= Beisenov et al. 2016a] 2016. First Radiocarbon Chronology for the Early Iron Age Sites of Central Kazakhstan (Tasmola Culture and Korgantas Period). Radiocarbon 58: 179–91. Beisenov, A.Z., D.B. Duisenbay, I.K. Ahiyarov and S.V. Svyatko [= Beisenov et al. 2016b] 2016. Radiouglerodnye daty kurgana s ‘usami’ iz mogilnika Tandaily 2 v Centralnom Kazakhstane. Evraziya v kainozoe. Stratigrafiya, paleoehkologiya, kultury 5: 233– 39. Beisenov, A.Z., G.S. Dzhumabekova, G.A. Bazarbaeva and D.B. Duisenbay [= Beisenov et al. 2016c] 2016. Nahodka kostiyanogo futliyara v kurgane tasmolinskoi kultury. Tyragetia (N.S.) 10 (25) 1: 225–36. Beisenov, A.Z., G.S. Dzhumabekova, G.A. Bazarbaeva, D.B. Duisenbay and I.K. Akhiyarov 2017. Vichrevye kompozzii v iskusstve sakov Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana. Archeologiya i davnyaya istoriya Ukrainy 23/2: 40–58. Beisenov, A.Z. (ed.) 2015. Sakskaya kultura Saryarki v kontekste izucheniya etnosotsiokulturnykh protsessov Stepnoy Evrazii: sbornik statey, posvyashchenny pamyati arkheologa K.A. Akisheva. Almaty: Research Centre of History and Archaeology ‘Begazy-Tasmola’. Bell, G.L. 1907. Syria: The desert and the sown. London: William Heinemann. Bellasis, A.F. 1856. Further Observations on the Ruined City of Brahminabad in Sind. Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society: 413–25. Bendrey, R., S. Lepetz, T. Turbat, P. Henri-Giscard, A. Zazzo, M. Balasse, G.I. Zaitseva, K.V. Chugunov, J. Ughetto, K. Debue and J.-D. Vigne 2017. Nomads, horses and mobility in Iron Age Central Asia: preliminary interpretations of movements based on oxygen isotope compositions of horse tooth enamel from the Mongolian Altai, in M. Mashkour and M. Beech (eds) Archaeozoology of the Near East 9: papers in honour of Hans-Peter Uerpmann and François Poplin. Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the ASWA (AA) Working Group Archaeozoology of South-west Asia and Adjacent Areas: 262–72. Oxford: Oxbow. Benecke, N. 1994. Der Mensch und seine Haustiere. Die Geschichte einer jahrtausendealten Beziehung. Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss. Benecke, N. 2013. Faunal remains of Kurganzol, in L.М. Sverchkov (ed.) Kurganzol: krepost’ Aleksandra na yuge Uzbekistana: 172–78. Tashkent: SMI-ASIA. Benecke, N. and C. Weber 2007. Die pferdeskelette von Arzan 2, in W. Menghin and H. Parzinger (eds) Im zeichen des goldenen greifen – Königsgräber der skythen: 92–94. Munich / Berlin / London / New York: Prestel. Benecke, N., М. Pruvost and C. Weber 2010. Die Pferdeskelette – Archäozoologie und Molekulargenetik, in K. Chugunov, H. Parzinger and A. Nagler (eds) Der skythenzeitliche Fürstenkurgan Aržan 2 in Tuva (Archäologie in Eurasien 26 / Steppenvölker Eurasiens 3): 249–56. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Benham, A.J. and J.S. Coats 2006. Minerals in Afghanistan: the potential for gold. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/ eprint/10926/ [accessed 25/12/2019]. Benjamin, C.G.R. 2007. The Yuezhi. Origin, Migration and the Conquest of Northern Bactria (Silk Road Studies 14). Turnhout: Brepols. Benjamin, C.G.R. 2018. Empires of Ancient Eurasia: the first Silk Roads era, 100 BCE–250 CE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Beresneva, L. 1976. The Decorative and Applied Art of Turkmenia. Leningrad: Aurora. Berezkin, Yu.E. n.d. Oruzhie Groma [Motif № 13], in Tematicheskaya Classifikatsia i Raspredelenie FolklornoMifologicheskih Motivov po Arealam. Analiticheskyi Katalog: http://www.ruthenia.ru/folklore/berezkin Berlizov, N.E. 1996. Sarmaty v Predkavkaze. Nekotorye aspekty issledovanija, in A.B. Belinskiy (ed.) Materialy po izucheniyu istoriko-kulturnogo naslediya Severnogo Kavkaza, vol. VIII: ‘Krupnovsky readings’ 1971–2006: 549– 50. Moscow: ‘Pamyatniki istoricheskoj mysli’. 695 Bibliography Berlizov, N.E. 2003. ‘Temnyj vek’ sarmatskoj istorii (k probleme vydelenija kompleksov III v. do n.e. v Prokhorovskoj kulture, in Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii Kubani: vol. 3, 93–105. Krasnodar: Scientific Research Institute of Archaeology, Kuban University. Berlizov, N.E. 2011. Ritmy Sarmatii. Savromato-sarmatskie plemena Yuzhnoj Rossii v VII v. do n.e. – V v. n.e. Krasnodar: KGUKI, Parabellum Publ. Bernard, P. 1987. Review of Pugachenkova and Rempel 1991 (earlier Russian version). Abstracta Iranica 10: 67–69. Bernard, P. 2005. De l’Euphrate à la Chine avec la caravane de Maès Titianos (c. 100 ap. n. è.). Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 149/3 (July–October): 929–69. Bernard, P. and H. Inagaki 2000. Un torque achéménide avec une inscription grecque au musée Miho (Japon) (information). Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 144/4: 13711437. Bernardini, W. 2004. Hopewell geometric earthworks: A case study in the referential and experiential meaning of monuments. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 23: 331–56. Berndt, G.M. 2018. Alans, in O. Nicholson (ed.) The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity: vol. 1, 40–41. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bernshtam, A.N. 1940. Kenkolsky mogilnik (Arkheologicheskiye ekspeditsii gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha II). Leningrad. Bernshtam, A.N. 1951. Ocherk istorii gunnov. Leningrad: Leningrad State University Press. Bernshtam, A.N. 1952. Istoriko-Arkheologicheskie ocherki Tientralyanogo Tyani-Shany i Pamiro-Alai (Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR 26). Moscow and Leningrad: Soviet Academy of Sciences, Institute of History of Material Culture. Berzovan, A. 2016. Observații privind funcționalitatea unor piese din tezaurul de la Stâncești, comuna Mihai Eminescu, jud. Botoșani. Cercetări Istorice (N.S.) 35: 49–59. Bessonova, S.S. 1973. Pogrebeniye IV v. do n.e. iz Trekhbratnego kurgana, in Skifskiye drevnosti: 243– 52. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Bessonova, S.S. 2008. Pogrebeniye № 3 iz srednego Trekhbratnego kurgana, in M. Treister (ed.) Trekhbratniye kurgany. Kurgannaya gruppa vtoroy poloviny IV–III vv. do n.e. v Vostochnom Krymu (Drevnyaya torevtika i yuvelirnoye delo v Vostochnoy Yevrope 3): 61–68. Simferopol and Bonn: Universum. Bessonova, S.S. and S. Skory 2001. Motroninskoe gorodische skifskoi epokhi (po materialam raskopok 1988–1996 g.). Krakow: Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Bessonova, S.S., М.В. Kobalov and А.І. Kubishev 2005. Kurgan bilya Olbia (skifskie pokhovannya). Archaeologia 3: 38–51. Bibikova, V.I. 1973. K interpretacii osteologicheskogo materiala iz skifskogo kurgana Tolstaya Mogila. Sovetskaya arkheologiya 1973/4: 63–68. Bichurin, N.Ya. [Father Hyacinth] 1950. Sobranie svedeniy o narodakh, obitavshikh v Sredney Azii v drevniye vremena, I. Moscow and Leningrad: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Bidzilya, V.I. and S.V. Polin 2012. Skifskij carskij kurgan Gajmanova Mogila. Kiev: ‘Scyth’. Bilinsky, О.О. 2018. Horodyshcha skifskoho chasu v dniprovskomu livoberezhnomu lisostepu: zahalna kharakterystyka, kataloh, typolohiya. Archeologiya i davnyaya istoriya Ukrainy 26/1: 213–34. Bishop, M.C. 1988. Cavalry Equipment of the Roman Army in the First Century AD, in J.C. Coulston (ed.) Military Equipment and the Identity of Soldiers. Proceedings of the first Roman Military Research Seminar, Sheffield, 1983 (BAR International Series 394): 67–196. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. Bivar, A.D.H. 1959. Details and devices in Sassanian sculptures. Oriental Art 5: 11–14. Bivar, A.D.H. 1996. Professor Sir Harold Bailey, FBA. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 6: 407–10. Bivar, A.D.H. 1969. The nomad empires and the expansion of Buddhism, in G. Hambly (ed.) Central Asia: 35–48. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson Ltd. Bivar, A.D.H. 1983. The history of eastern Iran, in E. Yarshater (ed.) The Cambridge History of Iran: the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods: vol. 3/1, 181– 231. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Blakesley, J.W. 1854. Herodotus, with a Commentary. London: Whittaker. Blazhey, A. and L. Shutyy 1977. Fenol’nye soedineniya rastitel’nogo proiskhozhdeniya [Phenolic Compounds of Plant Origin]. Moscow: Mir. Blinov, I.A., M.N. Ankushev, M.N. Sdykov and Ya.A. Lukpanova 2014. Content of gold products of Taksai-I burial ground (western Kazakhstan). Geoarchaeology and archaeological mineralogy 1: 142–49. Blyakharchuk, T., N.M. Tchebakova, E.I. Parfenova and A.J. Soja 2014. Potential influence of the late Holocene climate on settled farming versus nomadic cattle herding in the Minusinsk Hollow, south-central Siberia. Environmental Research Letters 9/6: doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/065004 Blyakharchuk, T., V. Prikhodko, M. Kilunovskaya and H-C. Li 2019. Vegetation and climate reconstruction based on pollen and microbial records derived from burial mounds soil in Tuva Republic, Central Asia. Quaternary International 507: 108–23. Boardman, J. 1994. The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity. London: Thames and Hudson. Boardman, J. 2000. Persia and the West. An Archaeological Investigation of the Genesis of Achaemenid Art. London: Thames and Hudson. Boardman, J. 2001. Aspects of ‘Colonization’. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 322: 33– 42. 696 Bibliography Boardman, J. 2003. The Tillya Tepe gold: a closer look. Ancient West and East 2/2: 348–74. Boardman, J. 2010. The Relief Plaques of Eastern Eurasia and China. The ‘Ordos Bronzes’, Peter the Great’s Treasure, and their kin (BAR International Series 2146). Oxford: Archaeopress. Bobrinsky A.A. 1894. Kurgany i sluchaynye arkheologicheskie nakhodki bliz mestechka Smely, t. 2: Dnevmiki raskopok 1889–1897 gg. Gr. Alexeja Bobrinskogo [i o kurganakh Zvenigirodskogo, Kanevskogo and Romenskogo yesdov]. St. Petersburg: Tipografia Stasyulevicha. Bobrinsky A.A. 1914. Otchet o raskopke v Kievskoy gubernii v 1912 godu. Izvestiya Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii 54: 99–108. Bobrov, V.V. and N.N. Moor 2011. Zverinyy stil v dekore tagarskikh kinzhalov. Arkheologiya Yuzhnoy Sibiri 25: 146–51. Bocco, R. 1990. La Sédentarisation des Pasteurs Nomads: Les Experts Internationaux Face à la Question Bedouine dans le Moyen-Orient Arabe (1950–1970). Cahiers des Sciences Humaines 26 (1-2): 97–117. Bogdanov, E.S. 2006. Obraz khishchnika v plasticheskom iskusstve kochevykh narodov Tsentralnoy Azii (skifosibirskaya khudozhestvennaya traditsiya). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Böhmer, H. and J. Thompson 1991. The Pazyryk carpet: A technical discussion. Source: Notes in the History of Art 10/4: 30–36. Bökönyi, S. 1968. Mecklenburg Collection, Part I, Data on Iron Age Horses of Central and Eastern Europe. American School of Prehistoric Research, Peabody Museum, Harvard University 28: 3–71. Bökönyi, S. 1974. History of domestic mammals in central and eastern Hungary. Budapest: Akademiae Kiado. Bokovenko, N.A. 1995a. The Tagar Culture in the Minusinsk Basin, in J. Davis-Kimball, V.A. Bashilov and L.T. Yablonsky (eds) Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the Early Iron Age: 299–314. Berkeley: Zinat Press. Bokovenko, N.A. 1995b. History of studies and the main problems in the archaeology of southern Siberia during the Scythian period, in J. Davis-Kimball, V.A. Bashilov and L.T. Yablonsky (eds) Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the Early Iron Age: 255–61. Berkeley: Zinat Press. Bokovenko, N.A. 2014. Obraz olenya v iskusstve rannikh kochevnikov Tsentral’noy Azii: tendentsii razvitiya i interpretatsii. Trudy IV (XX) Vserossiyskogo arkheologicheskogo s’ezda v Kazani: 5–7. Kazan: Otechestvo. Bolt, D.G. 1991. Burial in an ancient northern Mesopotamian town: The evidence from Tell Mohammed ‘Arab. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1993). Boltric, Yu.V. 1997. Pro mіstse zhіnochikh pokhovan v kurganakh skіfskoї elіti. Arkheologіya 1997/1: 28–37. Boltric, Yu.V. and O.Ye. Fialko 1996. Povernennia do Chmyrevoi Mohyly: 30–32. Muzeini chytannia: Tezy dopovidei naukovoyi konferencyi Muzeyu istorychnyh koshtovnostey Ukrainy. Boltric, Yu.V. and O.Ye. Fialko 2007. Traktemirov: A Fortified City site on the Dnieper, in D. Braund and S. Kryzhitsky (eds) Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD: 103–20. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Boltric, Yu.V. and O.Ye. Fialko 2012. Ostanni doslidzhennja kurganu Chmireva Mogila, in Arkheologiya i drevnyaya istoriya Ukrainy (Kollektsii Nauchnyh fondov IA NANU. Istochniki i issledovaniya): vol. 8, 50–57. Kiev: IA NANU. Boltrik, Yu.V. and I.P. Savovsky 1991. Kurgan Ploskaya Mogila, in Yu.V. Boltrik and Ye.P. Bunyatyan (eds) Kurgany stepnoj Skifii: 98–102. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Bonartz, D. and M. Treister 2013. Vorderasiatische Importobjekte in Gräbern der frühen Nomaden im westlichen Kasachistan, in T. Stöllner and Z. Samashev (eds) Unbekanntes Kasachistan. Archäologie im Herzen Asien. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Bergbaumuseum Bochum: vol. 2, 715–31. Bochum: Deutsches Bergbau Museum. Bondar, K. and Yu. Bashkatov 2014. Rekonstruktsiya arkheolohichnoho landshaftu poselennya Dmytrivka III za danymy vysokotochnoyi mahnitometriyi. Arkheologiya i davnya istoriya Ukrainy 13/2: 102–106. Bondar K., M. Daragan and S. Polin 2018. Modelling of space and reconstruction of the funeral ritual at a Scythian kurgan burial after magnetometry and archaeological prospection. Virtual Archaeology 3: 13-28. http://virtualarchaeology.ru/pdf/329_ va2018_book.pdf Bonfante, L. (ed.) 2011. The Barbarians of Ancient Europe: Realities and Interactions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bonhams 1995. Fine Antiquities. Catalogue of an auction held in Knightsbridge on 4th July at 11 am and 2.30 pm. London: Bonhams. Bopearachchi, O. 2008. q,v. Jihoṇika, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 14/6: 645 http://www. iranicaonline.org/articles/jihonika [accessed 12th January 2018] Borisov, A.V., M.V. Krivosheev, R.A. Mimokhod and M.V. El’tsov 2019. ‘Sod blocks’ in kurgan mounds: Historical and soil features of the technique of tumuli erection. Journal of Archaeological Science, Reports 24 (April): 122–31. Borisova, V.V. 1974. Keramicheskie kleyma Hersonesa i klassifikacija hersonesskih amfor. Numizmatika i epigrafika 11: 99–124. Borodovskiy, A.P., K. Michalczewski and Ł. Oleszczak 2019. Roe deer antler as a raw material in the Hunno-Sarmatian period in the northern Altai, CPAG 29: 55–69. Boroffka, N. 2009. Simple technology: casting moulds for axe-adzes, in T.L. Kienlin and B. Roberts (eds) Metals 697 Bibliography and society. Studies in honour of Barbara S. Ottaway (Universitätsforschungen zur Prähistorischen Archäologie 169): 246–57. Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt. Borovka, G. 1928. Scythian Art. London: Bouverie House and Ernest Benn. Bosworth, A.B. 1988. Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great. New York: Cambridge University Press. Botalov, S.G., A.D. Tairov and I.E. Lyubchanskii 2006. Kurgany s ‘usami’ uralo-kazakhstanskih stepei. Chelyabinsk: Institute of History and Archaeology, South Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Bourgeois I., L. Cammaert, C. Massart, J.H. Mikkelsen and W. Van Huele 2000. Ancient Nomads of the Altaï Mountains: Belgian–Russian multidisciplinary archaeological research on the Scytho–Siberian culture (Royal Museums of Art and History, Monographs in General Prehistory 5). Bruxelles: Musées royaux d’Art et d’Histoire. Bourova, N. 2004. Horse remains from the Arzhan-1 and Arzhan-2 Scythian monuments, in E.M. Scott, A.Y. Alekseev and G. Zaitseva (eds) Impact of the environment on Human Migration in Eurasia (NATO Sciences Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences): 323–32. Dordrecht / Boston / London: Kluwer. Boyce, M. 1955. Zariadres and Zarēr. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 17: 463–77. Boyce, M. 1989. A History of Zoroastrianism. Volume One. The Early Period. Leiden: E.J. Brill (reprint). Brandt, L.Ø., A.L. Schmidt, U. Mannering, M. Sarret, C.D. Kelstrup, J.V. Olsen and E. Capellini 2014. Species Identification of Archaeological Skin Objects from Danish Bogs: Comparison between Mass Spectrometry-Based Peptide Sequencing and Microscopy-Based Methods. PLoS ONE 9/9: e106875. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106875 Brashinsky, I.B. 1965. Novyye materialy k datirovke skifskoy plemennoy znati Severnogo Prichernomoria. EIRENE 4: 89–109. Braudel, F. 1971. Die Geschichte der Zivilisation. 15. bis 18. Jahrhundert. München: Kindler Verlag. Braund, D. 2006. In search of the creator of Athens’ Scythian archer-police: Speusis and the ‘Eurymedon vase’. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 156: 109–13. Braund, D. 2007. Black Sea Grain for Athens? From Herodotus to Demosthenes, in V. Gabrielson and J. Lund (eds) The Black Sea in Antiquity: Regional and Interregional Economic Exchanges: 39–68. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. Braund, D. and S. Kryzhitsky (eds) 2007. Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brazier, J. 1994. Neurofibromatosis and optic nerve tumours, in D. Taylor (ed.) Pediatric Ophthalmology: 247–60. London: Blackwell. Brecoulaki, H. 2014. ‘Precious colours’ in ancient Greek polychromy and painting: material aspects and symbolic values. Revue archéologique 57/1: 3–35. Bredis, N.Yu. 2001. Issledovaniye skifskogo tekstilia nach. III v. do n.e. iz Bolshogo Ryzhanovskogo kurgana. Vostochnoevropeiskij Archeologicheskij Zhurnal 4/11 (July/August): http://archaeology. kiev.ua/journal/040701/bredis.htm Brentjes, B. 1978. Die iranische Welt vor Mohammad. Leipzig: Koehler and Amelang. Briant, P. 2002. From Cyrus to Alexander: a History of the Persian Empire. Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns (revised edition; translated by P.T. Daniels). Brill, R. 1999. Chemical Analysis of Early Glasses. Volume 2: The Tables. New York: Corning Museum of Glass. Brinker, H.A. 2007. A Short History of the Museum Rietberg Zurich. Orientations 38/2 (March): 101–107. Bronnikov, A. and K. Chugunov 2015. Sokrovishcha Doliny tsarej Tuvy. Atlas-al’bom drevnego iskusstva. Moscow / St Petersburg / Kyzyl: Kuzhuget Shojgu Foundation. Brosseder, U. 2009. Xiongnu Terrace Tombs and Their Interpretation as Elite Burials, in J. Bemmann, H. Parzinger, E. Pohl and D. Tseveendorzh (eds) Current Archaeological Research in Mongolia. Papers from the First International Conference on ‘Archaeological Research in Mongolia’, held in Ulaanbaatar, August 19th–23rd, 2007 (Bonn Contributions to Asian Archaeology 4): 247– 80. Bonn: Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. Brown, F. 1906. Otchet o raskopkah v Tavricheskoj gub. Izvestiya arkheologicheskoy komissii 19: 81–116. St. Petersburg. Bruce, A.G. 1934. Highway Design and Construction. Scranton (PA): International Textbook Company. Brunet, O. 2009. Bronze and Iron Age carnelian bead production in the UAE and Armenia: new perspectives. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 39: 57–68. Bruyako, I.V. 1999. Mollyuski semeystva Cypraea i pamyatniki ranneskifskoy epokhi v Vostochnoy Evrope, in P.P. Tolochko (ed.) Problemy skifosarmatskoy arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomorya: 47– 54. Zaporozhye: Zaporozhe State University Press. Bruyako, I.V. 2005. Rannie Kochevniki v Evrope (X–V vv. do R.H). Kishinev: Higher Anthropological School. Bruyako, I.V. 2014. Pintadery rannego zheleznogo veka mezhdu Karpatami i Pontom. Stratum plus 2014/3: 39–49. Buckley, M., M. Collins, J. Thomas-Oates and J. Wilson 2009. Species identification by analysis of bone collagen using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 23: 3843–54. Buckley, M., S. Fraser, J. Herman, N.D. Melton, J. Mulville and A. Palsdottir 2014. Species identification of archaeological marine mammals using collagen fingerprinting. Journal of Archaeological Science 41: 631–41. 698 Bibliography Bühler, G. 1896. Indische Palaeographie. Von circa 350 a Chr. – circa 1300 p. Chr. (Grundriss der Indo-Arischen Philologie und Altertumskunde 1/11). Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner. Buikstra, J. and D.H. Ubelaker (eds) 1994. Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains (Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series, 44). Arkansas: Arkansas Archeological Survey. Bukowski, Z. 1977. The Scythian Influence in the area of the Lusatian culture. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. Bunker, E.C. 1988. Lost wax and lost textile: an unusual ancient technique for casting gold belt plaques, in R. Maddin (ed.) The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys. Papers from the Second International Conference on the beginning of the use of metals and alloys, Zhengzhou, China, 21–26 October 1986: 2222–27. Cambridge (MA): Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Bunker, E.C. 1991. The Chinese Artifacts among the Pazyryk Finds. Source: Notes in the History of Art 10/4: 20–24. Bunker, E.C. 1992. Gold belts in the Siberian Treasure of Peter the Great: dates, origins and iconography, in G. Seaman (ed.) Foundations of Empire – Archaeology and Art of the Eurasian Steppes (Ethnographics Monograph Series No. 3): 201–22. Los Angeles: University of Southern California. Bunker, E.C. 1993. Gold in the ancient Chinese world: a cultural puzzle. Artibus Asiae 53/1–2: 27–50. Bunker, E.C. 1997. Anсient Bronzes of the Eastern Eurasian Steppes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collection. New York: Arthur M. Sackler Foundation. Bunker, E.C. 2002. Nomadic Art of the Eastern Eurasian Steppes: The Eugene V. Thaw and Other New York Collections. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Bunker, E.C. and J. Ternbach 1970. A variation of the lost-wax process. Expedition 12/3: 41–42. Bunker, E.C., T.S. Kawami, K.M. Linduff and Wu’en Yuesitu 1997. Ancient Bronzes of the Eastern Eurasian Steppes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections. New York: The Arthur M. Sackler Foundation. Bunyatyan, E.P. 1985. Metodika socialnykh rekonstruktsiy v arkheologii. Na materiale skifskikh mogilnikov IV–III vv. do n.e. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Bunyatyan, K.P. and О.E. Fialko 2009. Skifskyi kurgan z rozmalyovanum sarkofagom. Arkheologiya 3: 55–69. Burda, S. 1979. Tezaure de aur din România. Bucharest: Meridiane. Burford, A. 1963. The Builders of the Parthenon. Greece and Rome 10: 23–35. Busova, V.S. 2017. Tekstil iz kurganov skifskogo vremeni v doline reki Eerbek (Tsentralnaya Tuva). Povolzhskaya arkheologiya 3/21: 318–28. Bylkova, V.P. 2005. Novaya nakhodka kompleksa amfor na Belozerskom poseleni. Drevnosti 2005. Kharkovskiy istoriko–arkheologicheskiy ezhegodnik: 256–67. Bylkova, V.P. 2007a. Nizhnee podneprov’e v antichnuyu epokhu (po materialam raskopok poseleniy). Kherson: Kherson University. Bylkova, V.P. 2007b. Pozdneskifskie gorodischa Nizhnego Dnepra: problemy khronologii i atribucii. Tyragetia I [16]/1: 89–114. Callieri, P. 2002. The Bactrian Seal of Khiṅgila. Silk Road Art and Archaeology 8: 121–41. Callieri, P. 2004. India iii. Relations: Achaemenid period, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 13/1: 10–13. Callieri, P. 2016. Sakas: in Afghanistan, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica, accessed October 27 2017, <http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sakas-inafghanistan> Cambon, P. and J.-F. Jarrige (eds) 2006. Afghanistan, les trésors retrouvés. Collections du musée national de Kaboul. Paris: Éditions de la Réunion des musées nationaux and Musée national des Arts asiatiquesGuimet. Campbell-Johnston, R. 2017. Dazzling trek through the treasures of a lost empire. The Times 13th September: 19. Çamurcuoğlu, D.C. 2015. The technological study of the Çatalhöyük wall paintings (Turkey): Materials, Technologies and Artists. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University College London. Çamurcuoğlu, D.C. 2018. Colourful Technologies: A Technical Study of the Colours on Çatalhöyük Wall Paintings, in R. Matthews and J. Curtis et al. (eds) Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 12–16 April 2010, the British Museum and UCL, London, Vol. 2: Ancient and Modern Issues in Cultural Heritage, Colour and Light in Architecture, Art and Material Culture, Islamic Archaeology: 245–70. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Cardini, F. 1987. Istoki srednevekovogo rytsarstva. Moscow: ‘Progress’ (abridged translation from the Italian by V.P. Gaiduk). Cardon, D. 2007. Natural Dyes. Sources, Tradition, Technology and Science. London: Archetype. Cardon, D., C. Debaine-Francfort, A. Idriss, K. Anwar and Hu Xingjun 2013. Bronze Age Textiles of the North Cemetery: Discoveries made by the Franco-Chinese Archaeological Mission in the Taklamakan Desert, Xinjiang, China. Archaeological Textiles Review 55: 68–85. Carter, A.K. and L. Dussubieux 2016. Geologic provenience analysis of agate and carnelian beads using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS): A case study from Iron Age Cambodia and Thailand. Journal of Archaeological Science 6 (April): 321–31. Caspari, G., Sadykov, T., Blochin, J. and I. Hajdas 2017. Tunnug 1 (Arzhan 0) – an early Scythian kurgan in Tuva Republic, Russia. Archaeological Research in Asia 15: 82–87. Çay, A.M. and I. Durmuş 2002. Scythians, in H. Güzel, C.G. Oğuz and O. Karatay (eds) The Turks: Early Ages: vol. 1, 147–66. Ankara: Yeni Türkiye Publications. Cereti, C.G. 1995. The Zand ī Wahman Yasn. A Zoroastrian Apocalypse (Serie Orientale Roma, 75). Rome: IsMEO. 699 Bibliography Cereti, C.G. 2010. Xiiaona- and Xyōn in Zoroastrian texts, in M. Alram et al. (eds) Coins, Art and Chronology II: 59–72. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Chadwick, J. and W.N. Mann 1978. Medicine, in G.E.R. Lloyd (ed.) Hippocratic Writings: 61–276. London: Penguin Classics (revised edition). Chahlia, N. 2009. Effect of Capparis decidua on hypolipidemic activity in rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 3/6: 481–84. Chakrabati, D.K. and P. Moghadam 1977. Some unpublished Indus Beads from Iran. Iran 15: 166–68. Chakravarti, R. 2016. Kushan empire, in J. MacKenzie (ed.) The Encyclopaedia of Empire 3: 1290–295. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Chang, C. and H.A. Koster 1986. Beyond Bones: Toward an Archaeology of Pastoralism. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 9: 97–148. Charles-Gaffiot, J. and H. Lavagne (eds) 1999. Hadrien: trésors d’une villa impériale. Milan: Electa. Chateaubriand, F.-R., vicomte de 1849/50. Mémoires d’outre-tombe. Paris: E. and V. Penaud. Chatty, D. 1996. Mobile Pastoralists.Development Planning and Social Change in Oman. New York: Columbia University Press. Chavannes, E. 1903. Voyage de Song Yun dans l’Udyāna et le Gandhāra. Bulletin de l’Ecole française d’ExtrêmeOrient 3: 379–441. Chechushkov, I.V. and A.V. Epimakhov 2018. Eurasian Steppe Chariots and Social Complexity During the Bronze Age. Journal of World Prehistory 31: 435–83. Chen, H.L., K.A. Jakes and D.W. Foreman 1998. Preservation of Archaeological Textiles through Fibre Mineralization. Journal of Archaeological Science 25: 1015–21. Cheremisin, D.V. 2005. O semantike maskirovannykh rogatykh loshadey iz pazyrykskikh kurganov. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 22 (2005/2): 129–40. Cheremisin, D.V. 2008a. Iskusstvo zverinogo stilya v pogrebalnykh kompleksakh ryadovogo naseleniya pazyrykskoy kultury: Semantika zverinykh obrazov v kontekste pogrebalnogo obryada. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Cheremisin, D.V. 2008b. K semantike obraza kljuvogolovogo olenja v pazyrykskom iskusstve, in D.G. Savinov and O.S. Sovetova (eds) Tropoju tysjacheletij. K jubileju M. A. Devlet (Trudy Sibirskoy Assotsiatsii issledovateley pervobytnogo iskusstva): vol. IV, 99–105. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat. Chernenko, E.V. 1968. Skifskiy dospek. Kiev: Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Chernenko, E.V. 1981. Skifskiy luchniki. Kiev: Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Chernenko, E.V. 2006. Die schutzwaffen der Skythen. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner. Chernikov, S.S. 1965. Zagadka zolotogo kurgana. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Chernova, O.F. and V.S. Busova 2016. Identifikatsiya fragmentov mekhovoy odezhdy iz kurganov skifskogo vremeny s teritorii Tsentralnoy Tuvy. Arkheologicheskie Vesty 22: 52–61. Chernova, O.F. and T.N. Tselikova 2004. Atlas volos mlekopitajuschih. Tonkaja struktura ostevyh volos i igl v skanirujuschem elektronnom mikroskope. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd. Chernova, O.F., T.V. Perfilova, A.B. Kiladze, F.A. Zhukova, V.M. Novikova and T.I. Marakova 2011. Atlas mikrostruktury volos mlekopitayushchih – obyektov biologicheskoj ekspertizy. Moscow: EKOM. Chernykh, E.N. 1992. Ancient metallurgy in the USSR. The Early Metal Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chernykh, L.A. and M.N. Daragan (eds) 2014. Kurgany epokhi eneolita-bronzy mezhdurechia Bazavluka. Chertomlyka (Kurgane der Ukraine 4). Kiev: Izdatel Oleg Filyuk. Chevalier, J., M.-L. Inizan and J. Tixier 1982. Une technique de perforation par percussion de perles en cornaline (Larsa, Iraq). Paléorient 8/2: 55–65. Chizhova, A.A. 2004. Motiviye rospisi serdolikovykh bis v rannem srednevekov’ye (nakhodki na severnom Kavkaze), in Izobrazitel’nyy pamyatniki: stili, epokha, kompozitsi (1-4 dekabr 2004): 180–83. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University. Chlenova, N.L. 1967. Proiskhozhdenie i rannyaya istoriya plemen tagarskoy kultury. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Chlenova, N.L. 1981a. Svyazi kultur zapadnoy Sibiri s kulturami Priuralya i Srednego Povolzhya v kontse epokhi bronzy i nachale zheleznogo veka, in T.N. Troitskaya (ed.) Problemy zapadnosibirskoy arkheologii: epokha zheleza: 4–42. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Chlenova, N.L. 1981b. Tagarskie loshadi (o svyazyah plemen Yuzhnoi Sibiri i Srednei Azii v skifskuyu epokhu), in B.A. Litvinsky (ed.) Kavkaz i Srednyaya Aziya v drevnosti i srednevekove (istoriya i kultura): 80– 94. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Chochorowski, J. and S. Skory 1997. Die Zentralbestattung des Grabhügels von Ryzanovka im rechtsseitigen Teil des ukrainichen Waldsteppengebietes, in V. Lungu and G. Simion (eds) Actes du IIIe Colloque International d’Archéologie Funéraire: 105–22. Tulcea: Institutul de Cercetări Eco-Muzeale. Chologauri, L., A. Gabunia, L. Mowat, S.M.N. Priestman, E.W. Sauer, St J. Simpson and S. Stetkiewicz 2020. The small objects and other finds, in E.W. Sauer, L. Chologauri, A. Gabunia, K. Hopper, D. Lawrence, E. Macdonald, M. Mashkour, F.A. Mowat, D. Naskidashvili, K. Pitskhelauri, S.M.N. Priestman, L. Shumilovskikh, St J. Simpson, A. Tiliakou, Y. Abe, C.M. Batt, G. Gagoshidze, B. Gilmour, D.P. Greenwood, C. Pickard, I. Poole, V. Radu, L. Snape, J. Riley Snyder, E. Stoetzel, S. Amiribeirami, M. 700 Bibliography Astolfi, I. Bailiff, S. Beizaee Doost, E. Bonato, B. Clavel, K. Debue, D. Decruyenaere, A. Diana, H. Fathi, R. Jajanidze, S. Kamjan, T. Kainaat, R. Khazaeli, E. Kranioti, M. Lemoine, G. Phlip, C. Shupe, R. Shikaku, B. Stern and S. Stetkiewicz Dariali: ‘The Caspian Gates’ in the Caucasus from Antiquity to the Age of the Huns and the Middle Ages: The Joint Georgian-British Dariali Gorge Excavations and Surveys of 2013–2016 (British Institute of Persian Studies archaeological monograph series VI/2): 603–84. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Chrisman-Campbell, K. 2015. Fashion Victims: Dress at the Court of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette. New Haven: Yale University Press. Christian, D. 2000. Silk Roads or Steppe Roads? The Silk Roads in world history. Journal of World History 11/1 (March): 1–26. Christie’s, Antiquities. Catalogue of the auction held 2 July 1982. London: Christie’s. Chugunov, K.V. 2000. Bronzovyye nakonechniki strel skifskogo vremeni Tuvy, in A.B. Nikitin, S.V. Pankova, S.V. Khavrin and K.V. Chugunov (eds) Mirovozzreniye. Arkheologiya. Ritual. Kultura. Sbornik statey k 60-letiyu M.L. Podolskogo: 213–38. St. Petersburg. Chugunov, K.V. 2004. Arzhan – istochnik, in O.A. Fedoseenko (ed.) Arzhan. Istochnik v Doline carej. Arkheologicheskie otkrytiya v Tuve: 10–39. St. Petersburg: Slavia. Chugunov, K.V. 2005. Absolyutnaya khronologiya tagarskoy kultury – vzglyad izvne, in G.G. Korol (ed.) Arkheologiya Yuzhnoy Sibiri: idei, metody, otkrytiya: 102–104. Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev. Chugunov, K.V. 2008. Plity s petroglifami v komplekse kurgana Arzhan-2 (k khronologii arzhanomayemirskogo stilya), in D.G. Savinov and O.S. Sovetova (eds) Tropoyu tysyacheletiy: K yubileyu M.A. Devlet: 53–69. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat. Chugunov, K.V. 2009. Arzhan-1 i Arzhan-2: sravnitelny analiz, in anon. (ed.) Naslediye narodov Tsentralnoy Azii i sopredelnykh territoriy: izucheniye, sokhraneniye i ispolzovaniye. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoprakticheskoy conferentsii: Part 1, 48–52. Kyzyl: ‘Anyak’ Kyzyl Education Centre. Chugunov, K.V. 2010. Die Materialien aus Aržan 2 im Kontext der Periodisierung skythenzeitliche Denkmäler Tuvas, in K. Chugunov, H. Parzinger and A. Nagler (eds) Der skythenzeitliche Fürstenkurgan Aržan 2 in Tuva (Archäologie in Eurasien 26. Steppenvölker Eurasiens 3): 160–69. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Chugunov, K.V. 2011a. Arzhan-2: rekonstruktsiya etapov funktsionirovaniya pogrebalno-pominalnogo kompleksa i nekotoryye voprosy ego khronologii. Rossiyskiya arkheologicheskiy yezhegodnik 1: 262–335. Chugunov, K.V. 2011b. Iskusstvo Arzhana-2: stilistika, compozitsiya, ikonografiya, ornamentalnye motivy, in D.A. Machinsky (ed.) Evropeyskaya Sarmatiya: 39– 60. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya. Chugunov, K.V. 2013. Aktual’nyye problemy khronologii pamyatnikov epokhi rannikh kochevnikov Tsentral’noy Azii i Sibiri. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta: istoriya 3/23: 97–102. Chugunov, K.V. 2017. Issledovaniya kurgana 1 mogilnika Bugry v predgoryakh Altaya. Arkheologichesky sbornik gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 41: 126–42. Chugunov, K.V., A. Nagler and H. Parzinger 2006a. Arzhan-2: materialy epokhi bronzy, in D.G. Savinov and M.L. Podolsky (eds) Okunevskiy sbornik 2: kultura i eye okruzheniye: 303–11. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press. Chugunov, K.V., A. Nagler and H. Parzinger 2006b. Discovery of a royal burial of the Scythian period in Tuva, in J. Aruz, A. Farkas and E. Valtz Fino (eds) The Golden Deer of Eurasia. Perspectives on the Steppe Nomads of the Ancient World: 128–31. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Chugunov, K., H. Parzinger and A. Nagler 2003. Der skythische Fürstengrabhügel von Aržan 2 in Tuva. Vorbericht der russisch-deutschen Ausgrabungen 2000–2002. Eurasia Antiqua 9: 113–62. Chugunov, K., H. Parzinger and A. Nagler et al. 2010. Der skythenzeitliche Fürstenkurgan Arzan 2 in Tuva (Archäologie in Eurasien 2 / Steppenvölker Eurasiens 3). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Chugunov, K.V., T.V. Ryabkova and St J. Simpson 2017. Mounted warriors, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 192–201. London: Thames and Hudson. Clauson, G. 1959. Review of G. Vernadsky, The Origins of Russia. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 3/4: 166– 67. Clements, J. 2017. A History of the Silk Road. London: Haus Press. Cohen, M.N. and G.J. Armelagos (eds) 1984. Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture. London: Academic Press. Colburn, H.P. 2013. Connectivity and Communication in the Achaemenid Empire. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 56: 29–52. Collins, P. 2008. Assyrian palace sculptures. London: British Museum Press. Collis, J. 2014. Urbanisation in Temperate Europe in the Iron Age: Mediterranean Influence or Indigenous?, in M. Fernández-Götz, H. Wendling and K. Winger (eds) Paths to Complexity: Centralisation and Urbanisation in Iron Age Europe: 15–23. Oxford: Oxbow. Collon, D. 1995. Ancient Near Eastern Art. London: British Museum Press. Connolly, P. 1986. A Reconstruction of a Roman Saddle. Britannia 17: 353–55. Connolly, P. 1987. The Roman Saddle, in M. Dawson (ed.) Roman Military Equipment: the Sources of Evidence (BAR International Series 336): 7–27. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. Connolly, P. 2001. Gretsia i Rim. Entsiklopediya voyennoy istorii. Moscow: EKSMO-Pres (translation from the English). 701 Bibliography Connolly, P. and C. van Driel-Murray 1991. The Roman Cavalry Saddle. Britannia 22: 33–50, pls V–VII. Conovici, N. 1998. Les timbres amphoriques. 2. Sinope (tuiles timbres comprises). (Histria 8/2). Conrad, J. 1993. Lord Jim. New York: The Modern Library. Cooke, B. (ed.) 2000. Imperial China. The Art of the Horse in Chinese History. Lexington (KY): Kentucky Horse Park. Cornevin, C. and F.-X. Lesbre 1894. Traité de l’âge des animaux domestiques d’après les dents et les productions épidermiques. Paris: Baillière. Cousens, H. 1975. The Antiquities of Sind, with historical outline. Karachi: Oxford University Press (reprint). Cowell, M. 1977. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of ancient gold alloys, in T. Hackens and H. McKerrell (eds) X-Ray Microfluorescence Applied to Archaeology (PACT 1): 76–85. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Craddock, P. 2009. Scientific Investigation of Copies, Fakes and Forgeries. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Crawford, M.H. and W.R. Leonard 2002. The biological diversity of herding populations: an introduction, in W.R. Leonard and M.H. Crawford (eds) Human Biology of Pastoral Populations: 1–9. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Crescioli, L. 2017. Necropoli o santuari? La dimensione funeraria, rituale e sociale dei kurgan sciti: nuovi dati dalla necropoli di Kaspan (regione del Semirech’è, Kazakhstan). Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Venice. http://dspace.unive.it/ handle/10579/10263. Cribb, J. 1985. The Sino-Kharoshthi coins of Khotan: their attribution and relevance to Kušān chronology, part 2. Numismatic Chronicle 145: 136–49. Cribb, J. 1993. The ‘Heraeus’ coins, in M.R. Price (ed.) Essays in Honour of R. Carson and K. Jenkins: 107–34. London: Spink. Cribb, J. 1999. The early Kushan kings: new evidence for chronology. Evidence from the Rabatak inscription of Kanishka I, in M. Alram and D.E. Klimburg-Salter (eds) Coins, Art, and Chronology. Essays on the preIslamic History of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands: 177– 205. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Cribb, J. 2010. The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence. With an analytical appendix by A. Oddy, in M. Alram et al. (eds) Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Cribb, R. 1991. Nomads in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Crișan, I.H. 1986. Spiritualitatea geto-dacilor. Bucharest: Albatros. Crone, P. 1991. Kavād’s Heresy and Mazdak’s Revolt. Iran 29: 21–42. Crouwel, J.H. 2012. Metal wheel tyres from the ancient Near East and Central Asia. Iraq 74: 89–95. Crowell, B.L. 2007. Nabonidus, as-Sila’, and the Beginning of the End of Edom. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 348 (November): 75–88. Cunliffe, B. 1988. Greeks, Romans, and Barbarians: Spheres of Interaction. London: Batsford. Cunliffe, B. 2015. By Steppe, Desert, and Ocean. The Birth of Eurasia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cunliffe, B. 2019. The Scythians. Nomad Warriors of the Steppe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cunningham, J.S. and E. Henson (eds) 1998. Christopher Marlowe, Tamburlaine the Great. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Curl, J.S. (ed.) 1994. Egyptomania. The Egyptian Revival: a Recurring Theme in the History of Taste. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. Curtis, J. 1990. Ancient Persia. London: British Museum Press. Curtis, J. 1998. A Chariot Scene from Persepolis. Iran 36: 45–51. Curtis, J. 2013. An Examination of Late Assyrian Metalwork with special reference to Nimrud. Oxford: Oxbow. Curtis, J. and M. Kruszyński 2002. Ancient Caucasian and Related Material in the British Museum (British Museum Occasional Papers 121). London: The British Museum. Curtis, J. and N. Tallis (eds) 2005. Forgotten Empire. The World of Ancient Persia. London: The British Museum. Daffinà, P. 1967. L’immigrazione dei Saka nella Drangiana. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. Daim, F., K. Kaus and P. Tomka (eds) 1996. Hunnen und Awaren. Reitervölker aus dem Osten. Begleitbuch und Katalog. Eisenstadt: Burgenländischen Landesregierung. Dalton, O.M. 1964. The Treasure of the Oxus with other examples of early Oriental metal-work. London: The British Museum. Dan, A. 2013. The Black Sea as a Scythian Bow, in M. Manoledakis (ed.) Exploring the Hospitable Sea. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Black Sea in Antiquity held in Thessaloniki, 21–23 September 2012 (BAR International Series 2498): 39–58. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. Dandamaev, M.A. 1982. Sakski matrosy. Iranica Antiqua 17: 101–103. Dandamayeva, M. and G. Brereton (eds) 2019. ‘A osnoval tam svoy korolevskiy dvorets’: assiriyskoye iskusstvo iz Britanskogo muzeya [‘And he founded therein his royal palace’: Assyrian art from the British Museum]. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Dani, A.H. 1986a. Indian Palaeography. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. Dani, A.H. 1986b. The Historic City of Taxila. Paris and Tokyo: UNESCO and The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies. Danilicheva, E.V. (ed.) 2016. Armenia. Legenda bytiya. Moscow: ‘Pareto-print’ Press. Danilova, I.E., M.Yu. Treister and I.E. Pruss (eds) 1996. Sokrovischa Troi iz raskopok Genriha Shlimana. Moscow: Leonardo Arte. 702 Bibliography Danov, H. 1976. Tracia Antică. Bucharest: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică. Daragan, M.N. 2013. Kurgany stepnoy chasti Ukrainy: prostranstvennyy analiz i vizualizatsiya metodami GIS–tekhnologiy, in D.Yu. Hookk (ed.) Virtualnaya arkheologiya (nerazrushayushchiye metody issledovaniy. modelirovaniye. rekonstruktsii). Materialy Pervoy Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii. Sostoyavsheysya v Gosudarstvennom Ermitazhe 4–6 iyunya 2012 g.: 76–85. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Publishing House. Daragan, M.N. 2014. Prostranstvennyy analiz arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov mezhdurechia Bazavluk–Solenaya–Chertomlyk, in L.A. Chernykh and M.N. Daragan (eds) Kurgany epokhi eneolitabronzy mezhdurechia Bazavluka. Chertomlyka (Kurgane der Ukraine 4): 367–448. Kiev: Izdatel Oleg Filyuk. Daragan, M.N. 2016a. Nakonechniki strel predskifskogo i ranneskifskogo vremeni: tekhnologiya izgotovleniya. Metrologiya i markirovka. Trudy gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 77 (‘Arkheologiya bez granits. Kollektsii, problemy, issledovaniya, gipotezy’): 127–70. Daragan, M.N. 2016b. Scythian internecine feuds. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 22: 96– 140. Daragan, M.N. 2017a. O formirovanii skifskikh kolchannykh naborov vtoroĭ poloviny VI v. do n.e. Stratum plus 2017/3: 51–112. Daragan, M.N. 2017b. Krupnye gorodishcha skifskogo vremeni v ukrainskoy lesostepi (osobennosty raspolozheniya), in S.A. Skory (ed.) Arkheologia i davnya istoria Ukrainy 23/2: 397–427. Daragan, M.N. 2018. Prostranstvennaya harakteristika Aleksandropolskogo kurgana, in S.V. Polin and A.Yu. Alekseev (eds) Skifskiy tsarskiy Aleksandropolskiy kurgan IV v. do n.e. v Nizhnem Podneprovye (Kurgany Ukrainy 6): 732–40. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Daragan, M., M. Gleba and O. Buravchuk 2016. ‘Pandora’s box’: a textile tool set from a Scythian burial in Ukraine, in C. Alfaro, J. Ortiz, L. Turell and M.J. Martínez (eds) Purpureae Vestes V, Ancient Textiles, Basketry and Dyes in the Ancient Mediterranean World: 57–62. Valencia: University of Valencia Press. Darmesteter, J. 1898. The Zend Avesta. New York: The Christian Literature Copmany. Daryaee, T. 2009. Sasanian Persia. The Rise and Fall of an Empire. New York: I.B. Tauris. Das Anlitz des Fremden 2012. Eine Ausstellung des Kunsthistorischen Museums Wien in Kooperation mit dem Bernischen Historischen Museum und der Collection Jean-Pierre Righetti (Schweiz). http:// pro.geo.univie.ac.at/projects/khm/?lanuage=de Dashevskaya, O.D. 1991. Pozdnie skify v Krymu. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. David, A.R. and M.R. Zimmerman 2010. Cancer: an old disease, a new disease or something in between? Nature Reviews Cancer 10: 728–33. Davidson, O.M. 2013. Poet and Hero in the Persian Book of Kings. Boston and Washington, DC: Ilex Foundation Centre for Hellenic Studies (third edition). Davydova, A.V. 1995. Ivolginsky Arkheologichesky Kompleks: Tom. 1, Ivolginskoye gorodishche / Arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki syunnu. Vyp. 1. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Oriental Studies. Davydova, A.V. 1996. Ivolginsky Arkheologichesky Kompleks: Tom. 2, Ivolginskoye Mogilnik. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Oriental Studies. Davydova, L.I. 1990. Bosporskiye nadgrobnye relyefy V v. do n.e.–III v. n.e. Katalog vystavki. Leningrad: State Hermitage Museum. Dawson, T. and G. Sumner 2015. By the Emperor’s Hand: Military Dress and Court Regalia in the Later Romano– Byzantine Empire. Oxford: Oxbow. Debaine-Francfort, C. 1990. Les Saka du Xinjiang avant les Han (266 av.–220 ap. J.-C.): critères d’identification, in H.-P. Francfort (ed.) Nomades et sédentaires en Asie centrale. Apports de l’archéologie and de l’ethnologie (Actes du colloque franco-soviétique d’Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan) 17–26 octobre 1987: 81–95. Paris: Éditions du CNRS. Debaine-Francfort, C. and A. Idriss (eds) 2001. Keriya, mémoires d’un fleuve: Archéologie et civilisation des oasis du Taklamakan (Mission archéologique francochinoise au Xinjiang / Patrimoines d’Orient). Paris: Éditions Findakly. De Blois, F. 2012. A new look at Mazdak, in A.J. Silverstein and T. Bernheimer (eds) Late Antiquity: Eastern Perspectives: 12–20. Cambridge: Gibb Memorial Trust. Dedyulkin, A.V. 2015. Materialy iz pogrebenija, issledovannogo v 1973 g. v g. Novocherkasske, iz Fondov Muzeja istorii donskogo kazachestva, in V.A. Korenjako and A.L. Bojko (eds) Za rekoy Tanaisom. Sbornik pamjati V.E. Maksimenko (1939–2014): 71–72. Rostov-on-Don: JuFU. De Menasce, J. 1960. Déchiffrement de motifs alphabétiques de l’époque sassanide. Bulletin de l’Institut Française d’Archéologie Orientale 59: 309– 14. Demidenko, S.V. 2007. Ob odnom iz aspektov ‘problemy III v. do n.e.’ v sarmatskoj arkheologii. Rossiyskaya Arkheologiya 2007/2: 48–54. Demidenko, S.V. 2008. Bronzovyye kotly drevnikh plemen Nizhnego Povolzh’ya i Yuzhnogo Priural’ya (V v. do n.e.– III v. n.e.). Moscow: Publishing House of LKI. Demidenko, S.V. 2010. Rannesarmatskoe pogrebenie iz mogilnika Verhnij Eruslan – nikakih ‘oksyumoronov’. Nizhnevolzhskij arkheologicheskij vestnik 11: 365–73. Derevyanko, A.P. and V.I. Molodin 2000. Fenomen altaiskikh mumi. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Derevyanko, A.P. and V.I. Molodin (eds) 2016. Altay v krugu evraziyskikh drevnostey. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 703 Bibliography Dergachev, V.A. 1997. Metallicheskie izdeliya k probleme genezisa kultur rannego galshtata Karpato-DanubioNordpontiyskogo regiona. Kishinev: Institute of Archaeology. Desyatchikov, Yu.M. 1972. Katafraktariy na nadgrobii Afeniya. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1972/4: 68–77. Devlet, M.A. 1966. Plemena basseyna Srednego Eniseya v rannem zheleznom veke. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Moscow. Devlet, M.A. 1968. Iz istorii osvoeniya metallurgii zheleza na Srednem Enisee. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1968/1: 28–38. De Waele, A. and E. Haerinck 2006. Etched (carnelian) beads from northeast and southeast Arabia. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 17/1 (May): 31–40. DeWeese, D. 2011. Islam in Central Asia, in I. Hareir and R. M’Baye (eds) The Different Aspects of Islamic Culture: the Spread of Islam throughout the World: vol. 3, 721–34. Paris: UNESCO. Dezsö, T. 2012. The Assyrian Army. The Structure of the Neo-Assyrian Army II. Cavalry and Chariotry. Budapest: Eötvös University Press. DGS 1866a. Drevnosti Gerodotovoj Skifii. Sbornik opisanij arkheologicheskih raskopok i nahodok v Chernomorskih stepjah. St. Petersburg: Printing House of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. DGS 1866b. Drevnosti Gerodotovoj Skifii. Sbornik opisanij arkheologicheskih raskopok i nahodok v Chernomorskih stepjah, Tabl. I–XXI. St. Petersburg: Printing House of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Dhakad, P.K., P.K. Sharma and S. Kumar 2016. A Review on Ethnobiological and Medicinal Potential of Capparaceae Family Plant: Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy 4/3: 27–39. Diakonova, V.P. 1970. Bolshiye kurgany-kladbishcha na mogilnike Kokel (po rezultatam raskopok za 1963, 1965 gg.), in L.P. Potapov (ed.) Trudy Tuvinskoy kompleksnoy arkheologo-etnograficheskoy ekspeditsii III. Materialy po arkheologii i etnografii mogilnika Kokel: 80–209. Moscow and Leningrad: Russian Academy of Science Publishing House. Diatroptov, P.D. 2001. Izobrazheniye vsadnikov v antichnom Severnom Prichernomorye, in I.I. Guschina and D.V. Zhuravlev (eds) Pozdniye skify Kryma (Trudy gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeya 118). Moscow: State Historical Museum. Dickens, M. 2018. Khotan (Yutian); Khotanese language and literature; Sarmatians (Sauromatians); Scythians (Saka); Tarim Basin, in O. Nicholson (ed.) The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity: vol. 2, 863, 863, 1334, 1346–47, 1454. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dickinson, G. and L. Wrigglesworth 2000. Imperial Wardrobe. London: Ten Speed Press. Di Cosmo, N. 1994. Ancient Inner Asian nomads: their economic basis and its significance in Chinese history. Journal of Asian Studies 53: 1092–126. Di Cosmo, N. 2002. Ancient China and Its Enemies: The Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dietler, M. 2010. Archaeologies of Colonialism: Consumption, Entanglement, and Violence in Ancient Mediterranean France. Berkeley: University of California Press. Dikshit, M.G. 1949. Etched Beads in India. Decorative Patterns and the Geographical Factors in their Distribution. Poona: Deccan College. Dmitriev, A.V. 1979. Pogrebeniye vsadnikov i boevykh koney v mogilnike epokhi pereseleniya narodov na r. Dyurso bliz Novorossiyska. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1979/11: 212–29. Dong Gao 1995. Gongyuan 3 zhi 6 shiji Murong Xianbei, Gaojuli, Chaoxian, Riben maju zhi bijiao yanjiu [A comparative study on the horse fittings of Murong Xianbei, Gaojouli, Korea and Japan]. Wenwu 10: 34– 42. Doulgeri–Intzessiloglou, A. and Y. Garlan 1990. Vin et amphores de Peparethos et d’Ikos. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 114/1: 361–89. Dovatur, А.I., D.P. Kallistov and I.A. Shishova 1982. Narody nashey strany v ‘Istorii’ Gerodota. Teksty, perevod, kommentariy. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Driel-Murray, C. van, P. Connolly and J. Duckham 2004. Roman saddles: archaeology and experiment 20 years on, in L. Gilmour (ed.) In the Saddle: an exploration of the saddle through history: 1–20. London: Archetype Publications. Duan Qingbo 2015a. Cong Qin Shihuang ling kaogu kan Zhongxi wenhua jiaoliu (1) [The cultural interaction between East and West: from the perspective of the archaeological findings of the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang (1)]. Xibei daxue xuebao 45/1: 8–15. Duan Qingbo 2015b. Cong Qin Shihuang ling kaogu kan Zhongxi wenhua jiaoliu (2) [The cultural interaction between East and West: from the perspective of the archaeological findings of the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang (2)]. Xibei daxue xuebao 45/2: 8–14. Duan Qingbo 2015c. Cong Qin Shihuang ling kaogu kan Zhongxi wenhua jiaoliu (3) [The cultural interaction between East and West: from the perspective of the archaeological findings of the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang (3)]. Xibei daxue xuebao 45/3: 8–13. Dubin, L.S. 1987. The History of Beads from 30,000 BC to the Present. London: Thames and Hudson. Dudarev, S.L. 2011. Mogilnik ‘Lermontovskaya skala (u reki)’ – pamyatnik rannezheleznogo veka Pyatigorya, in V.B. Vinogradov (ed.) Sbornik nauchnykh rabot S.L. Dudareva: stati, materialy, retsenzii: 233–60. Moscow: Ileksa. Dumezil, G. 1990. Skify Narty, Moscow: Nauka. Dumont, L. 1970. Homo Hierarchicus. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Durando, F. 2005. Greece. Splendors of an Ancient Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson. 704 Bibliography During Caspers, E.C.L. 1972. Etched carnelian beads. Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology 8/9: 83–98. Durkheim, É. 1964. The Division of Labor in Society. New York: New York Free Press of Glencoe (First Free Press paperback edition). Dusinberre, E. 2008. Circles of Light and Achaemenid styles in Gordion’s Seal 100, in N. Cahil (ed.) Love for Lydia: a Sardis Anniversary Volume Presented to Crawford H. Greenewalt, Jr (Archaeological Exploration of Sardis 4): 87–98. Cambridge [MA] and London: Harvard University Press. Dusinberre, E. 2010. Anatolian Crossroads: Achaemenid Seals from Sardis and Gordion, in J. Curtis and St J. Simpson (eds) The World of Achaemenid Persia. History, Art and Society in Iran and the Ancient Near East: 323– 25. London: I.B. Tauris. Dusinberre, E. 2013. Empire, Authority, and Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dussubieux, L. and B. Gratuze 2003. Nature et origine des objets en verre retrouvés à Begram (Afghanistan) et à Bara (Pakistan), in O. Boperarachchi, C. Landes and C. Sachs (eds) De l’Indus a l’Oxus. Archeologie de l’Asie Centrale: 315–37. Lattes: Association IMAGO and musée de Lattes. Edwardes, M. 1996. Searching for the Scythians. National Geographic 190/3: 54–79. Edwardes, M. 2003. Masters of Gold. National Geographic 203/6: 112–29. Effenberger, A., B. Marshak, V. Zalesskaya and I. Zaseckaya 1978. Spätantike und früh-byzantinische Silbergefäße aus der Staatlichen Ermitage Leningrad. Ausstellung der Staatlichen Ermitage Leningrad in der Frühchristlich-byzantinischen Sammlung der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin, Dezember 1978 bis März 1979. Berlin: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Eger, C. 2010. Indisch, Persisch oder Kaukasisch? Zu den Karneolperlen mit Ätzdekor der Gruppe C nach Beck und den östlichen Fernkontakten der Provinz Arabien. Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 57: 221–78. Egg, M. and C. Pare 1995. Die Metallzeiten in Europa und im Vorderen Orient. Die Abteilung Vorgeschichte im Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum (Kataloge vorund frühgeschichtlicher Altertümer 26). Mainz am Rhein: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums. Elagina, N.G. 1959. Skifskie antropomorfnye stely Nikolaevskogo muzeya. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1959/2: 187–96. Elizarenkova, T.Ya. 1999. Slova i Weschi v Rigvede. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura. Elizarenkova, T.Ya. 2007. Atharvaveda (Shaunaka). Knigi VIII–XII. Perevod s Vediiskogo Yazyka, Vstupitel’naya stat’ya, Kommentarii i Prilozheniya (Atharvaveda / Saunaka): vol. 2. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura (in three volumes). Eluére, C. 1989. Secrets of Ancient Gold. Düdingen: Trio. Emery, I. 1994. The Primary Structures of Fabrics: An Illustrated Classification. London: Thames and Hudson (third edition). Emmerick, R.E. 1968. Saka Grammatical Studies. London: Oxford University Press. Emmerick, R.E. 1979 [1983]. The historical importance of the Khotanese manuscripts, in J. Harmatta (ed.) Prolegomena to the Sources on the History of Pre-Islamic Central Asia: 167–77. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. Emmerick, R.E. 1983a. The Iranian settlements to the east of the Pamirs, in E. Yarshater (ed.) The Cambridge History of Iran: the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods: vol. 3/1, 263–75. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Emmerick, R.E. 1983b. Buddhism among Iranian peoples, in E. Yarshater (ed.) The Cambridge History of Iran: the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods: vol. 3/2, 949–64. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Emmerick, R.E. 1989. Buddhism in Central Asia, in J. Kitagawa and M. Cummings (eds) Buddhism and Asian History: Religion, History, and Culture. Selections from the Encyclopaedia of Religion: 131–37. London: MacMillan-Collier. Emmerick, R.E. 1990. Buddhism among Iranian peoples, i. in pre-Islamic times, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 4: 492–96. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Emmerick, R.E. 1992. A Guide to the Literature of Khotan. Tokyo: The International Institute for Buddhist Studies (second edition). Emmerick, R.E. 2001. Harold Walter Bailey 1899–1996, in C.E. Bosworth (ed.) A Century of British Orientalists 1902–2001: 10–48. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Emmerick, R.E. 2002. Hunting the hapax: Sir Harold Bailey (1899–1996), in N. Sims-Williams (ed.) Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples (Proceedings of The British Academy 116): 1–17. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Emmerick, R.E. 2012. Khotanese and Tumshuqese, in G. Windfuhr (ed.) The Iranian Languages: 377–415. London: Routledge. Enoki, K., G.A. Koshelenko and Z. Haidary 1999. The Yüeh-chih and their migrations, in J. Harmatta, B.N. Puri and G.F. Etemady (eds) History of civilizations of Central Asia: the development of Sedentary and Nomadic civilizations, 700 B.C. to A.D. 250: Vol. II, 171–89. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. Eraly, A. 2007. The Mughal World. India’s Tainted Paradise. London: Batsford. Erdenechuluun P. and D. Erdenebaatar 2011. The Sword of Heaven. Culture of Bronze Artifacts of the Bronze Age and Hunnu Empire. Ulaanbaatar. Erdy, M. 2003/04. Art objects from the Sidorovka Kurgan Cemetery and the Analysis of its Ethnic Affiliation. SAPAR Bulletin 6/7: 48–52. Erlikh, V.R. 2007. Severo-Zapadny Kavkaz v nachale zheleznogo veka. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. 705 Bibliography Erlikh, V.R., A.P. Kantorovich and V.E. Maslov 2015. Spornye voprosy khronologii Arkhaicheskoy Skifii. Vestnik Rossiyskogo gumanitarnogo nauchnogo fonda 78/1: 73–82. Moscow: Publishing House of the Federal State budget organisation Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation. Errington, E. 2010. Differences in the patterns of Kidarite and Alchon coin distribution at Begram and Kashmir Smast, in M. Alram et al. (eds) Coins, Art and Chronology II: 147–68. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Errington, E. 2017. Charles Masson and the Buddhist Sites of Afghanistan: Explorations, Excavations, Collections 1832–1835 (British Museum Research Publications 215). London: The British Museum. Ertug, A. and P. Baker 2000. Silks for the Sultans: Ottoman Imperial Garments from the Topkapı Palace. Istanbul: Ertuğ and Kocabiyik. Ervynck, A. 1995. Les restes animaux du kourgan scythe de Kizil (monts Altaï, Sibérie). Bulletin des Musées Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire 66: 141–50. Esin, Yu.N., J. Magay, E. Rousellier and F. Walter 2014. Kraska v naskal’nom iskusstve okunevskoy kul’tury Minusinskoy kotloviny. Rossiyskaya Arkheologiya 2014/3: 79–88. Esin, Yu.N. (ed.) 2017. Naskalnye izobrazheniya Oglakhty. Album. Abakan: State National Reserve ‘Khakassky’. Evans-Pritchard, E.E. 1940. The Nuer. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Falk, H. 2001. Names and weights inscribed on some vessels from the silver hoard. Journal des Savants 2001/2: 308–19. Falk, H. 2014. The alleged Kharoṣṭhī-Brāhmī mixed script and some new seals from Bengal. Zeitschrift für Indologie und Südasienstudien: 105–24. Falk, H. 2015. Kushan Histories. Literary Sources and Selected Papers from a Symposium at Berlin, December 5 to 7, 2013. Bremen: Hempen Verlag. Farkas, A. 1973. Sarmatian Roundels and Sarmatian Art. Metropolitan Museum Journal 8: 77–88. Farris, W. 1996. Heavenly Warriors: The evolution of Japan’s Military, 500–1300. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Fassbinder, J.W.E. 2016. Magnetometerprospektion sakischer Kurgane: Das Gräberfeld Žoan Tobe mit einem Großkurgan und der Kurgan bei Kegen, SüdOst Kasachstan, in A. Gass (ed.) Das Siebenstromland zwischen Bronze- und Früheisenzeit. Eine Regionalstudie (TOPOI. Berlin Studies of the Ancient World 28): 520–37. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter. Fassbinder, J.W.E., Gass, A., Hofmann, I., Belinskiy, A.B. and Parzinger H. 2015a. Early Iron Age kurgans and their periphery: Latest findings and interpretations from the northern Caucasus, in D.Yu. Hookk (ed.) Virtual Archaeology (Methods and benefits). Proceedings of the Second International Conference held at the State Hermitage Museum, 1–3 June 2015 (St. Petersburg 2015): 81–88. Fassbinder, J.W.E., Gass, A., Hofmann, I., Belinskiy, A.B. and Parzinger H. 2015b. Early Iron Age kurgans from the North-Caucasus. Archaeologia Polona [Special theme: Archaeological Prospection] 53: 280–84. Fedorov, A.A. and B.Ya. Rozen 1950. Krasil’nye rasteniya SSSR, in Rastitel’noe syr’e SSSR (Trudy BIN im. V.L. Komarova AN SSSR) 1: 349–402. Moscow and Leningrad: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Fedorov, V.K. 1997. Ritualnaya posuda dlya otpravleniya kulta somy iz tsentralnogo Fillipovskogo kurgana, in N.A. Zakharova (ed.) Yuvelirnoye iskusstvo i materialnaya kultura. Tezisy Dokladov IV kollokviuma v Gosudarstvennom Ermitazha: 70–72. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Fedorov, V.K. and V.Ye. Gorshkova 2001. Kolchan iz chelovecheskoy kozhi v pogrebenii rannego kochevnika iz Bashkirskogo Zaural’ya, in V.K. Fedorov (ed.) Ufimskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik: sbornik nauchnykh statey 3: 178–80. Ufa: National Museum of Republic of Bashkortostan. Fedoseyev, N.F. 1999. Classification des timbres astynomiques de Sinope, in Y. Garlan (ed.) Production et commerce des amphores anciennes en Mer Noire: 27– 48. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l’Universite de Provence. Fedoseyev, N.F. 2014. Zamechaniya k khronologicheskoy klassifikatsii gerakleyskikh kleym, in Bosporskiye chteniya. Bospor, Kimmeriyskiy i Pont v period antichnosti i srednevekovya. Aktualnyye problemy arkheologii 15: 410–18. Ferguson, R.B. and N.L. Whitehead 2005. War in the tribal zone: expanding states and indigenous warfare. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press. Fernández-Götz, M., H. Wendling and K. Winger 2014. Paths to Complexity: Centralisation and Urbanisation in Iron Age Europe. Oxford: Oxbow. Fidelsky, S.A. 2012. Poselenie Chobruchi na Nizhnem Dnestre v III–II vv. do n.e., in N.P. Telnov (ed.) Drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomor’ya III–II vv. do n.e.: 16–20. Tiraspol’: OOO ‘Remont vychislitel’noj’ tehniki. Figueira, T. and C. Soares (eds) 2020. Ethnicity and Identity in Herodotus. Oxford: Routledge. Finkielsztejn, G. 2001. Chronologie détaillée et révisée des éponymes amphoriques rhodiens, de 270 à 180 av. J.-C. Premier bilan (BAR International Series 990). Oxford: Archaeopress. Finley, M. 1962. The Black Sea and Danubian Regions and the Slave Trade in Antiquity. Klio 40: 51–59. Finsterbusch, K. 1971. Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Dastellungen. Vol. II. Abbildungen und Addenda. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Firshteyn, B.V. 1966. Cherepa iz Aleksandropolskogo skifskogo kurgana. Voprosy antropologii 22: 62–76. Fleet, J.F. (ed.) 1888. Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings and their Successors (Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, CII III). Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing. 706 Bibliography Fleure, H.J. and H.J.E. Peake 1928. The steppe and the sown (The corridors of time 5). New Haven: Yale University Press. Florea, G. 2011. Dava et Oppidum: débuts de la genése urbaine en Europe au deuxiéme age du Fer. Cluj-Napoca: Centrul de Studii Transilvane. Florescu, A. and Florescu, M. 2005. Cetățile traco-getice de la Stâncești. Târgoviște: Cetatea de Scaun. Florescu, A. and S. Rață 1969. Complexul de cetăți tracogetice (sec. VI–III î.e.n.) de la Stâncești – Botoșani. Studii și Materiale Suceava: 9–21. Fodor, I. 1969. Skifskie i sarmatskie mechi s segmentovidnym perekrestem. Sovetskaya arkheologiya 1969/3: 251–54. Fondel, C. 1962. Dana’s System of Mineralogy, Vol III: Silica Minerals. New York and London: Wiley (seventh edition). Frachetti, M.D. 2008. Pastoralist Landscapes and Social Interaction in Bronze Age Eurasia. Berkeley and London: University of California Press. Frachetti, M.D. 2012. Multiregional emergence of mobile pastoralism and non-uniform institutional complexity across Eurasia. Current Anthropology 53/1: 2–38. Francfort, H.-P. 1984. Fouilles d’Aï Khanoum III. Le sanctuaire du temple à niches indentées 2. Les trouvailles (Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan 27). Paris: de Boccard. Francfort, H.-P. 1998. Central Asian Petroglyphs: between Indo-Iranian and shamanistic interpretations, in C. Chippindale and P.S.C. Taçon (eds) The Archaeology of Rock-Art: 302–18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Francfort, H.-P. 2001. Des cousins des Scythes?, in C. Debaine-Francfort (ed.) Keriya, mémoires d’un fleuve: Archéologie et civilisation des oasis du Taklamakan (Mission archéologique franco-chinoise au Xinjiang / Patrimoines d’Orient): 156–58. Paris: Éditions Findakly. Francfort, H.-P. 2002. Images du char en Eurasie orientale des origines à la fin du 1er millénaire av. J.-C., in V.V. Bobrov (ed.) Pervobytnaja arkheologija. Chelovek i iskusstvo. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov, posvyashchenny 70-letyu po dnya rozhdeniya Yakova Abramovicha Shera: 80–89. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Francfort, H.-P. 2007. Choix des nomades et choix des sédentaires en Asie Centrale dans l’adaptation de thèmes et de motifs des arts de la Perse achéménide, in P. Rouillard, C. Perlès and E. Grimaud (eds) Mobilités, immobilismes. L’emprunt et son refus: 267–82. Paris: de Boccard. Francfort, H.-P. 2009. La mort chez les Scythes de l’Europe à l’Altaï: la culture de Pazyryk and ses prédécesseurs à la lulière de quelques découvertes récentes, in J. Guilaine (ed.) Sépultures and sociétés. Du Néolithique à l’Histoire. Séminaire du Collège de France: 153–92. Paris: Errance. Francfort, H.-P. 2011. Tillya Tépa (Afghanistan). La sépulture d’un roi anonyme de la Bactriane du 1er siècle p.C. Topoi 17/1: 277–347. Francfort, H.-P. 2012. Tillya Tepe and connections with the Eurasian steppes, in J. Aruz and E. Valtz Fino (eds) Afghanistan: Forging Civilizations along the Silk Road: 88–101. New Haven and London: Metropolitan Museum of Art and Yale University Press. Francfort, H.-P. 2013. L’art oublié des lapidaires de la Bactriane aux époques achéménide et hellénistique (Persika 1). Paris: de Boccard. Francfort, H.-P. 2014. Les nomades installés dans la bactriane (IIe s. av. J.-c.–Ier s. ap. J.-c.): Nouvelles découvertes. Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 2013/4 (November/ December): 1543–76. Francfort, H.-P. 2016. L’aigle qui marche et le cerf qui vole: images d’hybrides ornithologiques en Asie centrale ancienne, in L. de Bellefonds and A. Rouveret (eds) L’homme-animal dans les arts visuels. Image and créatures hybrides dans le temps et dans l’espace (Colloque Transimages): 222–69. Paris: Les Belles Lettres and Presses Universitaires de Paris Nanterre. Francfort, H.-P. and S. Lepetz 2010. Les chevaux de Berel’ (Altaï) – Chevaux steppiques et chevaux achéménides: haras et races, in A. Gardeisen, E. Furet and N. Boulbes (eds) Histoire d’équidés: des textes, des images et des os. Actes du colloque organisé par l’UMR 5140 du CNRS, Montpellier, 13–14 Mars 2008 (Monographies d’Archéologie Méditerranéenne, hors série 4): 57–104. Lattes: Association pour le développement de l’archéologie en LanguedocRousillon. Francfort, H.-P., A. Idriss and Zhang Yuzhong 2001. Des morts dans les sables, in C. Debaine-Francfort (ed.) Keriya, mémoires d’un fleuve: Archéologie et civilisation des oasis du Taklamakan (Mission archéologique franco-chinoise au Xinjiang / Patrimoines d’Orient): 137–43. Paris: Éditions Findakly. Francfort, H.-P., G. Ligabue and Z. Samashev 1998. Découverte d’une tombe gelée d’époque scythe (IVe s. av. J.-C.) à Berel’ dans l’Altaï (Kazakhstan oriental). Compte rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 142/4 (December): 1165– 75. Francfort, H.-P., G. Ligabue and Z. Samashev 2000. La fouille d’un kourgane scythe gelé du IVe siècle av. notre ère à Berel’ dans l’Altaï (Kazakhstan). Compte rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 144/2 (June): 775–806. Francfort, H.-P., G. Ligabue and Z. Samashev 2006. The Gold of the Griffins: Recent Excavation of a Frozen Tomb in Kazakhstan, in J. Aruz, A. Farkas, and E. Valtz Fino (eds) The Golden Deer of Eurasia. Perspectives on the Steppe Nomads of the Ancient World (Metropolitan Museum of Art Symposia): 114–26. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 707 Bibliography Francfort, H.-P., F. Soleilhavoup, J.-P. Bozellec, P. Vidal, F. D’errico, D. Sacchi, Z. Samashev and A. Rogozhinskij 1995. Les pétroglyphes de Tamgaly. Bulletin of the Asia Institute (N.S.) 9: 167–207. Francis Jnr, P. 1980. Bead Report II: Etched Beads in Iran. Ornament 4/3: 24–28. Francis Jnr, P. 1984. Bead Report X: Part II … Etched carnelians. Ornament 7/3: 29, 52. Francis Jnr, P. 1991. Beadmaking at Arikamedu and beyond. World Archaeology 23/1: 28–43. Francis Jnr, P. 1999. Beads of the World. Atglen (PA): Schiffer (revised second edition). Frankopan, P. 2017. Stepping out. Apollo (December): 100–101. Frantz, J.H. and D. Schorsch 1990. Egyptian red gold. Archeomaterials 4: 133–52. Frazer, J. 1911. The Magic Art. London: Grove. Freestone, I. and C. Stapleton 2015. Composition, technology and production of coloured glasses from Roman mosaic vessels, in J. Bayley, I.C. Freestone and C. Jackson (eds) Glass of the Roman World: 61–76. Oxford: Oxbow. Frye, R.N. 1946. Review of G. Vernadsky, Ancient Russia. American Slavic and East European Review 5: 212–21. Frye, R.N. 1964. Symbols, Monograms and Devices in Ancient Iran, in Dr. J.M. Unvala Memorial Volume: 181– 84. Bombay: Kaikhusroo M. Jamaspasa. Frye, R.N. 1984. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck. Frye, R.N. 1992. Central Asia iii. in pre-Islamic times, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 5: 164–69. Costa Mesa: Mazda. Frye, R.N. 1993. The Heritage of Persia. Costa Mesa: Mazda (third impression, with corrections). Frye, R.N. 1996a. Iranian nomadic tribes in Central Asia, in J. Herrmann and E. Zürcher (eds) History of Humanity: from the seventh century BC to the seventh century AD, vol. III: 443–45. Paris: UNESCO and Routledge. Frye, R.N. 1996b. The fall of the Graeco-Bactrians: Śakas and Indo-Parthians, in J. Herrmann and E. Zürcher (eds) History of Humanity: from the seventh century BC to the seventh century AD, vol. III: 454–55. Paris: UNESCO and Routledge. Frye, R.N. 1996c. The rise of the Kušān empire, in J. Herrmann and E. Zürcher (eds) History of Humanity: from the seventh century BC to the seventh century AD, vol. III: 456–60. Paris: UNESCO and Routledge. Frye, R.N. 2005. Ibn Fadlan’s Journey to Russia. A TenthCentury Traveler from Baghdad to the Volga River. Princeton: Markus Wiener. Frye, R.N. and B.A. Litvinsky 1996. The oasis states of Central Asia, in J. Herrmann and E. Zürcher (eds) History of Humanity: from the seventh century BC to the seventh century AD, vol. III: 461–64. Paris: UNESCO and Routledge. Fukai, S. 1977. Persian Glass. New York / Tokyo / Kyoto: Weatherhill / Tankosha (first published as Perushia no Garasu, translated by E.B. Crawford). Furasiev, A.G. and E.A. Shablavina 2019. Kontseshti: knjazheskoe pogrebenie epohi Velikogo pereselenija narodov. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Gabain, A. von 1961. Der Buddhismus in Zentralasien, in Religion: Religionsgeschichte des Orients in der Zeit der Weltreligionen (Handbuch der Orientalistik I.8.2): 496–514. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Gabrielson, V. and J. Lund (eds) 2007. The Black Sea in Antiquity: Regional and Interregional Economic Exchanges. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. Gajić-Kvaščev, M., M. Marić Stojanović, Ž. Šmit, V. Kantarelou, A.G. Karydas, D. Šljivar, D. Milovanović and V. Andrić 2012. New evidence for the use of cinnabar as a colouring pigment in the Vinča culture. Journal of Archaeological Science 39/4: 1025– 33. Galanina, L.K. 1983. Ranneskifskiye uzdechniye nabory (po materialam Kelermesskikh kurganov). Arkheologichesky sbornik gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 4: 32–55. Galanina, L.K. 1985. Shlemy kubanskogo tipa (voprosy khronologii i proiskhozhdeniya). Kulturnoye Naslediye Vostoka: 169–83. Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Galanina, L.K. 1997. Kelermesskiye kurgany. Moscow: Paleograph. Galanina, L.K. and A.Yu. Alekseev 1990. Novye materialy k istorii Zakubanya v ranneskifskoye vremya. Arkheologichesky sbornik gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 30: 34–54. Gan Bowen 1972. Gansu Wuwei Leitai Dong Han mu qingli jianbao [Short account of the results of the excavation of an Eastern Han dynasty grave by the village of Leitai near the town of Wuwei in Gansu Province]. Wenwu 2: 16–24. Gansu Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo 2012. Gansu Qin’an Wangwa Zhanguo mudi 2009 nian fajue jianbao [Breif report on the excavation of the Warring States Wangwa cemetery in Qin’an, Gansu, in 2009]. Wenwu 8: 27–37. Gansu Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo 2014. Xirong yizhen: Majiayuan Zhanguo mudi chutu wenwu [Treasures of the Xirong: Artifacts from the Warring States cemetery at Majiayuan]. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. Gansu Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo 2017. Gansu Zhang Xian Dunping mudi 2014 nian fajue jianbao [The excavation of the Dunping cemetery in Zhangxian County, Gansu in 2014]. Kaogu 8: 34–51. Gansu Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo 1996. Gansu Jiuquan Xigou Cun Wei Jin mu fajue baogao [Excavation of Wei and Jin tombs at Xigou, Jiuquan, Gansu]. Wenwu 7: 4–38. Gansu Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo and Qingshui Xian Bowuguan 2014. Qingshui Liuping [Liuping, Qingshui]. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. Gansu Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo and Shaanxi Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiuyuan 2013. Gansu Zhangjiachuan Xian Majiayuan Zhanguo mudi 708 Bibliography muguan shiyanshi kaogu jianbao [The laboratory archaeology of the wooden coffin of M4 in the Majiayuan cemetery of the Warring-States period in Zhangjiachuan County, Gansu]. Kaogu 8: 25– 35. Gansu Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo and Zhangjiachuan Huizu Zizhixian Bowuguan 2008. 2006 niandu Gansu Zhangjiachuan Huizu Zizhixian Majiayuan Zhanguo mudi fajue jianbao [2006 excavation on the Majiayuan cemetery of the Warring States period in Zhangjiachuan Autonomous County of Hui Nationality, Gansu]. Wenwu 9: 5–28. Gardiner-Garden, J. 1989. Ateas and Theopompus. The Journal of Hellenic Studies 109: 29–40. Garkavts, A.N. (ed.) 2005. Velikaya Step v antichnykh i vizantiyskikh istochnikakh: Sbornik materialov. Almaty: Baur. Garlan, Y. 1999. Les timbres amphoriques de Thasos. I. Timbres Protothasiens et Thasiens ansiens (Etudes Thasiennes XVIII, Corpus International des Timbres Amphoriques Fascicle 6). Paris: de Boccard. Garlan, Y. 2004. Les timbres ceramiques Sinopeens sur amphores et sur tuiles trouves a Sinope. Presentation et catalogue. Paris: de Boccard. Garlan, Y. 2004/05. En visitant et revisitant les ateliers amphoriques de Thasos. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 128/29: 269–329. Garner, J. 2013. Das Zinn der Bronzezeit in Mittelasien II. Die montanarchäologischen Forschungen an den Zinnlagerstätten (Archäologie in Iran und Turan 12 / Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum 194). Berlin / Bochum / Darmstadt: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Eurasien-Abteilung / Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum / Philipp von Zabern. Garrison, M. 2000. Achaemenid Iconography as Evidenced by Glyptic Art: Subject Matter, Social function, Audience and Diffusion, in C. Uehlinger (ed.) Images as Media. sources for the cultural history of the Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean: 1st Millennium BCE (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 175): 115–63. Fribourg: University Press. Garrison, M. 2011. The Seal of ‘Kuras the Anzanite, Son of Sespes’ (Teispes), PFS 93*: Susa – Ansan – Persepolis, in J. Alvarez-Mon and M.B. Garrison (eds) Elam and Persia: 375–405. Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns. Garrison, M. and M.C. Root 2001. Seals on the Persepolis Fortification Tablets, I: Images of Heroic Encounter (Oriental Institute Publications 117). Chicago: The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. Gates, J.E. 2002. The Ethnicity Name Game: What lies behind ‘Graeco-Persian’? Ars Orientalis 32: 105–32. Gauglitz, E., G. Jäger and W. Jäger 1998. Bautechnische einschatzungen des Čertomlyk–kurgans aus der sight des Modernen Ingenieurs, in R. Rolle, V.Yu. Murzin and A. Alekseev (eds) Konigskurgan Čertomlyk. Ein skythischer Grabhugel des 4. vorshristlichen Jahr- hunderts (Hamburger Forschungen zur Archäologie III): 87–92. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Gavrilov, A.V. 2004a. Okruga antichnoj Feodosii. Simferopol: ChP ‘Azbuka’. Gavrilov, A.V. 2004b. Amfornye kleyma okrugi antichnoy Feodosii (materialy khronologii arkheologicheskih pamyatnikov). Donetsk: ‘Donbass’. Gavrilov, A.V. and I.V. Shonov 2004. Skifskie selischa V-III vv. do n.ye. v stepnoy zone centralnogo Kryma. Drevnosti Bospora 7: 89–99. Gavrilov, A.K. (ed.) 2004. Korpus bosposkih nadpisei. Albom illustratsiy (KBN-album). St. Petersburg: Bibliotheca Classica Petropolitana. Gavrilova, A.A. 1965. Mogilnik Kudyrge kak istochnik po istorii altayskikh plemen. Moscow and Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Gavrilyuk, A.G. and A.D. Tairov 1993. Evolyutsiya nekotorykh form savromato-sarmatskikh mechey, in V.E. Medvedev and Yu.S. Khudyakov (eds) Voennoe delo naseleniya yuga Sibiri i Dalnego Vostoka: 73–88. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Gavrilyuk, N.A. 1999. Istoria ekonomiki stepnoy Skifii VI– III vv. do n.e. Kiev: Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Gavrilyuk, N.A. 2003. The Graeco-Scythian slave trade in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, in P. Bilde, J. Højte and V. Stolba (eds) The Cauldron of Ariantas: Studies Presented to A.N. Shcheglov on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday: 75–85. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. Gavrilyuk, N.A. 2007. Social and Economic Issues in the Development of Steppe Scythia, in D. Braund and S. Kryzhitsky (eds) Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD: 135–44. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gavrilyuk, N.A. 2013. Ekonomika stepnoy Skifii VI–III vv. do n.ye.. Kiev: ‘Oleg Filjuk’ (second edition). Gavrilyuk, N.A. and M.I. Abikulova 1991. Pozdneskifskie pamjatniki Nizhnego Podneprov’ja (Novye materialy). Kiev: IA NANU. Gavrilyuk, N.A., V.P. Bylkova and S.N. Kravchenko 1992a. Skifskie poselenija IV v. do n.e. v stepnom Podneprov’e. Kiev: IA NANU. Gavrilyuk, N.A., V.P. Bylkova and S.N. Kravchenko 1992b. Skifskie poselenija IV v. do n.e. v stepnom Podneprov’e. Kiev: IA NANU. Gere, C. and J. Rudoe 2010. Jewellery in the Age of Queen Victoria – a Mirror to the World. London: British Museum Press. Gershevitch, I. 1967. The Avestan Hymn to Mithra with Introduction, Translation and Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gershevitch, I. 2002. Professor Sir Harold Bailey: an appreciation, in N. Sims-Williams (ed.) Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples (Proceedings of The British Academy 116): 285–96. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 709 Bibliography Gertman, А.N. 1972. Detali konskoy uzdy v sostave Kazbekskogo klada (po materialam kollektsii GIM). Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1972/3: 338–43. Ghirshman, R. 1964. The Art of Ancient Iran: from its origins to the time of Alexander the Great. London: Golden Press. Ghosh, A. 1947/48. Taxila (Sirkap), 1944–5. Ancient India 4: 41–84, folding plans. Giles, E. 1910. College English: ‘Sohrab and Rustum’ by Matthew Arnold. Journal of Education 71: 326–27. Gillard, R.D., S.M. Hardman, R.G. Thomas and D.E. Watkinson 1994. The mineralization of fibres in burial environments. Studies in Conservation 39: 132– 40. Ginters, W. 1928. Das Schwert der Skythen und Sarmaten in Südrussland. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Gleba, M. 2008. You Are What You Wear: Scythian Costume as Identity, in M. Gleba, C. Munkholt and M.-L. Nosch (eds) Dressing the Past: 13–28. Oxford: Oxbow. Gleba, M. 2017. Tracing textile cultures of Italy and Greece in the early first millennium BC. Antiquity 144: 1205–22. Gleba, M. and T. Krupa 2012. Ukraine, in M. Gleba and U. Mannering (eds) Textiles and Textile Production in Europe from Prehistory to AD 400: 399–427. Oxford: Oxbow. Glebov, V.P. 2002. Esche raz o probleme III v. do n.ye., in M.Yu. Vakhtina, V.Yu. Zuyev, E.Ya. Rogov and V.A. Khrshanovsky (eds) Bosporskij fenomen. Pogrebalnye pamyatniki i svyatilischa: vol. 2, 186–97. St. Peterburg: State Hermitage Museum. Glebov, V.P. 2003. O ‘sarmatskoy’ konceptsii krizisa pervoy poloviny III v. do n.je. v Severnom Prichernomore, in V.N. Zinko (ed.) Materialy IV Bosporskih chtenij. Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskij mir v period antichnosti i srednevekovya: 80–88. Kerch. Glebov, V.P. 2004. Khronologiya rannesarmatskoy i srednesarmatskoy kultur Nizhnego Povolzhya, in I.I. Marchenko, M.G. Moshkova and B.A. Raev (eds) Sarmatskie kultury Evrazii: problemy regionalnoy khronologii. Doklady k 5-y mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii ‘Problemy sarmatskoy arkheologii i istorii’: 127–33. Krasnodar: OOO ‘Firma NSS’. Glebov, V.P. 2007. Specifika stanovlenija rannesarmatskoy kultury na nizhnem Donu, in I.V. Sergatskov (ed.) Regionalnye osobennosti rannesarmatskoy kultury. Materialy seminara Centra izuchenija istorii i kultury sarmatov: vol. II, 59–82. Volgograd: Volgograd University. Glebov, V.P. 2009. Rannesarmatskaya kultura nizhnego Podonya II–I vv. do n.e. Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata istoricheskih nauk. Moscow: IA RAN. Abstract of unpublished dissertation on competition of the scientific degree of the candidate of historical sciences. Glebov, V.P. 2012. Kochevniki Nizhnego Podon’ja IV– II vv. do n.e. Nekotorye problemy izucheniya, in Drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomorya III–II vv. do n.ye.: 28–33. Tiraspol’: OOO ‘Remont vychislitel’noj tehniki’. Glover, I.C. 1996. The Archaeological Evidence for Early Trade between India and Southeast Asia, in J. Reade (ed.) The Indian Ocean in antiquity: 365–400. London: Kegan Paul International. Glover, I.C. and B. Bellina 2001. Alkaline Etched Beads East of India in the Late Prehistoric and Early Historic Periods. Bulletin de l’Ecole française d’ExtremeOrient 88: 191–215. Glover, I.C. and B. Bellina 2003. Alkaline etched beads in Southeast Asia, in I.C. Glover, H. Hughes Brock and J. Henderson (eds) Ornaments from the Past: Bead Studies after Beck: 92–107. Bangkok and London: The Bead Study Trust. Glueck, G. 1975. Scythian gold at Met brings detente. The New York Times 17th April: 46. Glushkova, T.N. 2005. Tekhnologicheskaya kharakteristika pazyrykskogo tekstilia s plato Ukok, in N.V. Polosmak and L.L. Barkova (eds) Kostyum i tekstil’ pazyryktsev Altaya: 170–93. Novosibirsk: Infolio Press. Göbl, R. 1967. Dokumente zur Geschichte der iranischen Hunnen in Baktrien und Indien. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz (four volumes). Göbl, R. 1971. Die sasanidische Tonbullen vom Takhti-Suleiman und die Probleme der sasanidischen Sphragistik. Acta Antiqua Academiae Hungaricae 19/1–2: 95–112. Godard, A. 1950. Le Trésor de Ziwiyè (Kurdistan). Haarlem: Enschedé. Golden, P.B. 2003. Nomads and sedentary societies in Medieval Eurasia. Washington D.C.: American Historical Association. Goldman, B. 1964. Origin of the Persian Robe. Iranica Antiqua 4: 133–52. Goldman, B. 1991. Women’s Robes: The Achaemenid Era. Bulletin of the Asia Institute (N.S.) 5: 83–103. Golieva, A.A. 2011. Drevesina v ritual’noy obryadnosti kurgannogo mogil’nika Filippovka 1, in L.T. Yablonsky (ed.) Yestestvenno-nauchnyye metody v izuchenii Filippovskogo 1 mogil’nika: 40–46. Moscow: Тaus. Golikov, V.P. and S.V. Ustinov 1986. Analiz krasitelei, in G.T. Kovpanenko (ed.) Sarmatskoye pogrebeniye І v.n.e. na Yuzhnom Buge: 140. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Good, I. 2010. Early Islamic Textiles and their Influence on Pre-Islamic Dress, in G. Vogelsang-Eastwood (ed.) Berg Encyclopaedia of World Dress and Fashion, 5: Central and Southwest Asia: 282–87. Oxford: Berg. Goodman, A. 1991. Health, adaptation, and maladaptation in past societies, in H. Bush and M. Zvelebil (eds) Health in Past Societies: Biocultural Interpretations of Human Skeletal Remains in Archaeological Contexts (BAR International Series 567): 31–38. Oxford: Tempus Repartum. Goodman, A.H., J. Lallo, G.J. Armelagos and J.C. Rose 1984. Health changes at Dickson Mounds, Illinois 710 Bibliography (AD 950–1300), in M.N. Cohen and G.J. Armelagos (eds) Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture: 271– 305. London: Academic Press. Gorbunova, N.G. 1986. The Culture of Ancient Ferghana VI century B.C.–VI century A.D.. (BAR International Series 281). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. Gordon, S. 2001. A World of Investiture, in S. Gordon (ed.) Robes and Honor. The Medieval World of Investiture: 1–22. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Gordon, S. 2010. Khil’a: Clothing to Honor a Person or Situation, in G. Vogelsang-Eastwood (ed.) Berg Encyclopaedia of World Dress and Fashion, 5: Central and Southwest Asia: 462–67. Oxford: Berg. Gordon, S. (ed.) 2003. Robes of Honour. Khil’at in Pre-Colonial India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Gorelick, L. and A.J. Gwinnett 1990. The Ancient Near Eastern cylinder seal as social emblem and status symbol. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 49/1: 45–56. Gorlin, R.J., J.J. Pindborg and M.M. Cohen 1990. Syndromes of the Head and Neck. Oxford: Oxford University Press (third edition). Goroncharovsky, V.A. 2003. Mezhdu imperiey i varvarami: voennoye delo Bospora rimskogo vremeni (Militaria Antiqua). Moscow: Philomatis. Gotlib, A.I. 2006. Novye syuzhety tashtykskogo iskusstva (predvaritelnaya publikatsiya), in A.P. Derevyanko and V.I. Molodin (eds) Sovremenniye problemy arkheologii Rossii: Materialy Vserossiyskogo arkheologisheskogo syezda: vol. 2, 78–80. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. Gotlib, A.I. 2007. Yarusnye zakhoroneniya tashtykskogo mogilnika Chernoozyornoye II v Khakasii, in S.P. Nesterov (ed.) Tashtykskiye pamyatniki KhakasskoMinusinskogo kraya: 8–38. Novosibirsk: Khakasia State University named after N.F. Katanov, Novosibirsk State University. Grach, A.D. 1980. Drevniye kochevniki v tsentre Aziii. Moscow: ‘Oriental Literature’, Russian Academy of Sciences. Gracheva, R.G. 2004. Cryosols of the mountains of southern Siberia and Far Eastern Russia, in J.M. Kimble (ed.) Cryosols: Permafrost-Affected Soils: 231– 52. New York: Springer. Graeber, D. 2001. Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. New York: Palgrave. Graetsch, H., I. Topalovic and H. Gies 1994. NMR spectra of moganite and chalcedony. European Journal of Mineralogy 6: 459–64. Grakov, B.N. 1928. Kurgany v okrestnostjah poselka Nezhinskogo Orenburgskogo uezda po raskopkam 1927 g. Tsaranion 4: 145–55. Grakov, B.N. 1947. Skіfi. Kiev: Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR. Grakov, B.N. 1954. Kamenskoe gorodische na Dnepre (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR = MIA 36). Moscow: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Gramatopol, M. 1984. Tezaurul de la Stâncești. Magazin Istoric 18/11 (212): 27–28. Gray, B. 1991. Post-Sasanian Metalwork. Bulletin of the Asia Institute (N.S.) 5: 59–64. Great Britain 1943. Naval Intelligence Handbook on Palestine and Jordan. Oxford: Naval Intelligence Division. Grebennikov, Yu.S. 2008. Kimmeriytsy i skify Stepnogo Pobuzh’ya (IX–III vv. do n.e.). Nikolaev: Ilion. Grechko, D.S. 2012. K voprosu o smene kultur kochevnikov na juge Vostochnoy Evropy v VI v. do n.e., in V.A. Alekshin et al. (eds) Kultury stepony Evrazii i ikh vzaimodeistviye s drevnimi zivilizatsiyami: vol. 2, 350–58. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, ‘Periphery’. Greifenhagen, A. 1970. Schmuckarbeiten in Edelmetall. Berlin: Gebr. Mann (two volumes). Grenet, F. 2003. Regional interaction in Central Asia and Northwest India in the Kidarite and Hephthalite periods, in N. Sims-Williams (ed.) Indo-Iranian languages and peoples (Proceedings of the British Academy 116): 203–24. London: The British Academy. Grenet, F. 2010. A view from Samarkand: the Chionite and Kidarite periods in the archaeology of Sogdiana (fourth to fifth centuries A.D.), in M. Alram et al. (eds) Coins, Art and Chronology II: 267–81. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Griffin, R.C. and D. Donlon 2009. Patterns in dental enamel hypoplasia by sex and age at death in two archaeological populations. Archives of Oral Biology 54S: 93–100. Griffith, T.H.R. 1895. The Hymns of the Atharva-Veda Translated with a Popular Commentary. 1. Benares: E.J. Lazarus and Co. Grinin, L.Е. 2006. Rannee gosudarstvo, ego alternativy i analogy: 85–163. Volgograd: Uchitel. Grinin, L.Е. and A.V. Korotaev 2013. Epokha pervichnogo politogeneza, in V.A. Popov (ed.) Ranniye formy potestarnykh system: 31–64. St. Petersburg: Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences. Gromov, A.V. 1997. Proiskhozhdeniye i svyazi okunevskogo naseleniya Minusinskoy kotloviny, in D.G. Savinov and M.L. Podolsky (eds) Okunevsky Sbornik. Kultura. Iskusstvo. Antropologiya: 301–45. St. Petersburg: Petro Rif. Grossheim, A.A. 1946. Rastitel’nye resursy Kavkaza. Baku: Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences. Grueber, H.A. 1910. Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum. Vol. 2. Coinages of Rome, Roman Campania, Italy, the social war and the provinces. London: Longmans. Grunskaya-Petrova, I.P. 1939. Krasil’nye rasteniya yuzhnoy chasti Nagorno-Karabakhskoy avtonomnoy oblasti i opyt 711 Bibliography sbora narodnykh svedeniy po nim 6: 526–608. Baku: Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences. Gryaznov, M.P. 1950. Pervyj Pazyrykskij Kurgan. Leningrad: State Hermitage Museum. Gryaznov, M.P. 1969. The Ancient Civilization of South Siberia. London: Barrie and Rockliff and The Cresset Press. Gryaznov, M.P. 1980. Arzhan. Tsarsky kurgan ranneskifskogo vremeni. Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Gryaznov, M.P. 1984. Der Grosskurgan von Arzan in Tuva, Südsibirien (Materialen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie 2). Munich: C.H. Beck. Gryaznov, M.P., M.P. Zavitukhina, M.N. Komarova, S.S. Minyayeva, M.N. Pshenitsina and Yu.S. Khudyakov 1979. Kompleks arkheologicheskikh pamyatikov u gory Tepsei na Yenisei. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Gulyaev, V.I. 2004. Eshche raz k voprosu ob etnokulturnoy situatsii v Srednem Podonye v skifskoe vremya (V–IV vv. do n.e.), in V.I. Gulyaev (ed.) Arkheologiya Srednego Dona v skifskuyu epokhu: 7–24. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Gulyaev, V.I. 2009. ‘Paradnye’ mechi V–IV vv. do n.e. iz kurganov Skifii, in V.V. Kileynikov (ed.) Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki Vostochnoy Evropy 13: 147–51. Voronezh. Gutsalov, S.Yu. 2004. Drevnie kochevniki Yuzhnogo Priuralya VII–I vv. do n.e. Ural’sk: ‘Poligrafservis’. Gutsalov, S.Yu. 2007. Pogrebalnyye pamyatniki kochevoy elity Yuzhnogo Priural’ya serediny 1 tys. do n.e. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 30 (2007/2): 75–92. Gutsalov, S.Yu. 2012. On links between the Ancient Nomads in the Southern Foothills of the Urals and Central Asia. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 18/1: 29–50. Habsburg-Lothringen, G. von and M. Lopato 1993. Fabergé Imperial Jeweller. St. Petersburg and Washington D.C.: Thames and Hudson on behalf of the State Hermitage Museum and the Fabergé Arts Foundation. Hackin, J. 1939. Recherches Archéologiques à Begram. Chantier No 2 (1937) (Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan IX). Paris: Les Éditions d’Art et d’Histoire. Haerinck, E. 1989. The Achaemenid (Iron Age IV) period in Gilan, Iran, in L. de Meyer and E. Haerinck (eds) Archaeologia Iranica et Orientalis. Miscellanea in honorem Louis Vanden Berghe: 455–74. Gent: Peeters. Haheu, V. 2008. Sisteme de fortificații de la est de Carpați. Chișinău: Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Institute of Cultural Patrimony, Centre of Archaeology. Haimovici, S. 1983. Caractéristiques des chévaux des gétes decouvértes dans la necropole de Zimnicea. Dacia (N.S.) 27: 79–107. Haimovici, S. 1992. Observații cu privire la motivul animalier în toreutica traco-geto-dacă. ThracoDacica 13: 179–93. Haimovici, S. and C. Tarcan-Hrișcu 1996. Unele particularități morfologice ale unui craniu de cal descoperit în cetatea geto-dacică de la Butuceni (Republica Moldova). Arkheologia Moldovei 19: 306– 10. Haines, B.M. 2006. The fibre structure of leather, in M. Kite and R. Thomson (eds) Conservation of leather and related materials: 11–21. Oxford: ButterworthHeinemann. Hakemi, A. 1997. Shahdad: Archaeological excavations of a Bronze Age center in Iran. Rome: IsMEO. Hall, C. 1994. Gemstones. London / New York / Sydney / Moscow: Dorling Kindersley. Hall, E.T. 1961. Surface enrichment of buried metals. Archaeometry 4: 62–66. Hallas, C.S. 2004. Metcalf, John [so-called Blind Jack of Knaresborough] (1717–1810), road builder and surveyor. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online edition). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb9780198614128-e-18616. [Last accessed November 2018]. Hambly, G.R.G. 2005. Central Asia: history, in The New Encyclopaedia Britannica 15: 705–707. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica (fifteenth edition). Hanks, B. 2010. Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes and Mongolia. Annual Review of Anthropology 39: 469–86. Hanks, B. et al. 2000. Iron Age Nomadic Burials of the Eurasian Steppes: A Discussion Exploring Burial Ritual Complexity, in J. Davis-Kimball and E.M. Murphy (eds) Kurgans, Ritual Sites and Settlements: Eurasian Bronze and Iron Age (BAR International Series 890): 19–30. Oxford: Archaeopress. Hannestad, L. 2007. Timber as a Trade Resource of the Black Sea, in V. Gabrielson and J. Lund (eds) The Black Sea in Antiquity: Regional and Interregional Economic Exchanges: 85–100. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. Hansen, V. 2017. The Silk Road: a New History with Documents. New York: Oxford University Press. Hartmann, A. 1978. Ergebnisse der spektralanalytischen Untersuchung vor und frühgeschichtlicher Goldfunde aus rumänischen Boden. Germania 67: 5–10. Hartog, F. 1988. The Mirror of Herodotus. The Representation of the Other in the Writing of History. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press. Harțuche, N. 1985. Mormântul princiar traco-getic de la Găvani, județul Brăila. Istros 4: 13–24. Hauptman, H. 1983. Neue Funde eurasischer Steppennomaden in Kleinasien, in R.M. Boehmer and H. Hauptmann (eds) Beiträge zur Altertumskunde Kleinasiens: Festschrift für Kurt Bittel: 251–70. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Hawkins, G.S. and J.B. White 1965. Stonehenge decoded. Garden City (NY). 712 Bibliography Hawkins, S. 2013. Greek and the Languages of Asia Minor to the Classical Period, in E.J. Bakker (ed.) A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language: 213–27. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hayward, M. 2007. Dress at the Court of King Henry VIII. London: Routledge. Heather, P. 2008. Die Wanderung der Goten: Von Skandinavien nach Thrakien, in J. Frings (ed.) Rom und die Barbaren. Europa zur Zeit der Völkerwanderung (Ausstellung): 160–63. München: Hirmer. Heather, P. and J. Matthews 1991. Goths in the Fourth Century. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. Heintze, H.F. von, Th. Kraus and H. Sichtermann 1967. Römische Relief Kunst in Propyläen Kunstgeschichte. Berlin. Hellwig, O. 2009. Wörterbuch der mittelalterlichen indischen Alchemie (eJIM 2, supplement). Groningen: Barkhuis and University of Groningen. Heltzer, M. 1994. Mordekhai and Demaratos and the Question of Historicity. Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran 27: 119–21. Henderson, J., J. An and H. Ma 2018. The Archaeometry and Archaeology of Ancient Chinese Glass: A Review. Archaeometry 60/1: 88–104. Henkelman, W. 1996. The royal Achaemenid crown. Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran 28: 275–93, pls 16.2–19.6. Henkelman, W. 2003. Persians, Medes and Elamites: Acculturation in the Neo-Elamite Period’, in G. Lanfranchi, M. Roaf and R. Rollinger (eds) Continuity of Empire (?) Assyria, Media, Persia: 180–231. Padova: S.a.r.g.o.n Editrice e libreria. Henkelman, W.F.M. and M.W. Stolper 2009. Ethnic identity and ethnic labelling at Persepolis: the case of the Skudrians, in P. Briant and M. Chauveau (eds) Organisation des pouvoirs et contacts culturels dans les pays de l’empire achéménide (Actes du colloque organisé au Collège de France par la « Chaire d’histoire et civilisation du monde achéménide et de l’empire d’Alexandre » et le « Réseau international d’études et de recherches achéménides » (GDR 2538 CNRS), 9–10 novembre 2007): 271–329. Paris: De Boccard. Herrmann, G. 1989. Parthian and Sasanian Saddlery. New Light from the Roman West, in L. de Meyer and E. Haerinck (eds) Archaeologia Iranica et Orientalis. Miscellanea in Honorem Louis Vanden Berghe: 757809. Gent: Peeters. Herrmann, G. 2017. Ancient Ivory. Masterpieces of the Assyrian Empire. London: Thames and Hudson. Herzfeld, E. 1935. Archaeological History of Iran (Schweich Lectures on Biblical Archaeology 1934). London: Oxford University Press. Heussner, K.-U. and I.Yu. Slyusarenko 2007. Die Dendrochronologie von Arzhan 2, in W. Menghin and H. Parzinger (eds) Im Zeichen des Goldenen Greifen. Königs Gräber der Skythen: 82–83. Munich / Berlin / London / New York: Prestel. Hiebert, F.T. and P. Cambon (eds) 2011. Afghanistan. Crossroads of the Ancient World. London: British Museum Press. Hickman, J. 2012. Bactrian Gold: Jewelry Workshop Traditions at Tillya Tepe, in J. Aruz and E. Valtz Fino (eds) Afghanistan. Forging Civilizations along the Silk Road: 78–87. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Higgins, R. 1974. Minoan and Mycenaean Art. London: Thames and Hudson. Higham, C.F.W. 2004. Ay Khanum, Hotan, Kaxgar (Kashgar), Kharoshthi, Kushans, Lou-lan, Niya, Sakas, Shan-shan, Tarim Basin, Tillya Tepe, Xiongnu, in Encyclopaedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations: 29–30, 143, 179–80, 182, 189–91, 205–27, 242–44, 291, 309– 11, 339–42, 349–51, 390–92. New York: Facts on File, Inc. Hildinger, E. 2001. Scythians and Sarmatians, in E. Hildinger (ed.) Warriors of the Steppe: a Military History of Central Asia, 500 B.C. to 1700 A.D.: 33–55. Staplehurst (Kent): Spellmount. Hinüber, O. von 2011. Four Donations Made by Maṅgalahaṃsikā, Queen of Palola (Gilgit). Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2010, 14: 3–6. Hinz, W. and H. Koch 1987. Elamisches Wörterbuck, Vols I–II (Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran Ergänzungsband 17). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer. Hirth, K. 1978. Interregional Trade and the Formation of Prehistoric Gateway Communities. American Antiquity 43/1: 35–45. Hoffmann, H. 1966. Tarentine rhyta. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Hole, F. 1979. Rediscovering the Past in the Present: Ethnoarchaeology in Luristan, Iran, in C. Kramer (ed.) Ethnoarchaeology. Implications of Ethnography for Archaeologists: 129–218. New York: Columbia. Höllmann, T.O., G. Kossack and K. Jettmar (eds) 1992. Maoqinggou: ein eisenzeitliches Gräberfeld in der OrdosRegion (Innere Mongolei). Mainz: Philip von Zabern. Holt, F.L. 2005. Into the Land of Bones: Alexander the Great in Afghanistan. Berkeley: University of California Press. Honeychurch, W. 2010. Pastoral nomadic voices. A Mongolian archaeology for the future. World Archaeology 42/3: 405–17. Honeychurch, W. 2013. The Nomad as State Builder: Historical Theory and Material Evidence from Mongolia. Journal of World Prehistory 26/4: 283–321. Honeychurch, W. 2014. Alternative Complexities. The Archaeology of Pastoral Nomadic States. Journal of Archaeological Research 22/4: 277–326. Honeychurch, W. 2015. Inner Asia and the Spatial Politics of Empire. Archaeology, Mobility, and Culture Contact. New York: Springer. Honeychurch, W. and C.A. Makarewicz. 2016. The Archaeology of Pastoral Nomadism. Annual Review of Anthropology 45: 341–59. 713 Bibliography Horedt, K. and D. Protase 1972. Das Zweite Fürstengrab von Apahida (Siebenbürgen). Germania 50/1–2: 174– 220. Hoskins, H.D. and M.A. Kass 1969. Becker-Shaffer’s Diagnosis and Therapy of the Glaucomas. Baltimore: The C.V. Mosby Company (sixth edition). Hua Tao 2008. Satuq Bughra Khan and the beginning of Islamization in the Tian Shan region, in Jin Yijiu (ed) Dangdai Zhongguo zongjiao yanjiu jingxuan congshu. Yisilanjiao jun [Chinese religions and beliefs. A series of contemporary studies in China. Islam]: 116-34. Beijing: Minzu chubanshe. Huang Xiaojun, Wei Qing, Zhao Xichen and Yang Jing 2016. Gansu Majiayuan Zhanguo mudi M4 chutu shenti zhuangshijian de baohu xiufu ji fuyuan yanjiu [Conservation and restoration of body ornaments excavated from Warrring States period tomb M4 at Majiayuan]. Zhongguo guojia bowuguan guankan 6: 148–56. Hudson, M. 2017. Thrilling gallop back in time. The Daily Telegraph 13th September: 25. Hughes, J. 2011. Ancient Deforestation Revisited. Journal of the History of Biology 44/1: 43–57. Hughes, J. and J. Thirgood 1982. Deforestation, Erosion, and Forest Management in Ancient Greece and Rome. Journal of Forest History 26/2: 60–75. Hunt Ortiz M.A., S. Consuegra Rodríguez, P. Díaz Del Río Español, V. Hurtado-Pérez and I. Montero-Ruiz 2011. Neolithic and Chalcolithic – VI to III millennia BC – use of cinnabar (HgS) in the Iberian Peninsula: analytical identification and lead isotope data for an early mineral exploitation of the Almadén (Ciudad Real, Spain) mining district, in J.E. Ortiz, O. Puche, I. Rábano and L.F. Mazadiego (eds) History of Research in Mineral Resources. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero 13: 3–14. Madrid: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España. Hussein, M., M. Altaweel and McG. Gibson 2016. Nimrud. The Queens’ Tombs. Baghdad and Chicago: Iraq State Board of Antiquities and Heritage and The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Hyland, A. 1990. Equus. The Horse in the Roman World. London: B.T. Batsford. ICOM 2006. Red List of Afghanistan Antiquities at Risk. Paris: UNESCO. Ilinskaya, B.A. 1968. Skify dneprovskogo lesostepnogo Levoberezh’ya (kurgany Posul’ya). Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Ilinskaya, V.A. and A.I. Terenozhkin 1983. Skifia VII–IV vv. do n.e. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Imperial Archaeological Commission 1907. Otchyot Imperatorskoy Arkheologicheskoy komissii za 1904. St. Petersburg: Imperial Archaeological Commission. Indian Archaeology – A Review [IAR]. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. Inizan, M.-L. 1995. Cornaline et agates: Production et circulation de la préhistore à nos jours, in F. Tallon (ed.) Les pierres précieuses de l’Orient ancien des Sumériens aux Sassanides: 21–24. Paris: Éditions du Éditions de la Réunion des musées nationaux. Inizan, M.-L. 1999. La cornaline de l’Indus et la voie du Golfe au IIIème millénaire, in A. Caubet (ed.) Cornaline et Pierres Précieuses. La Méditerranée, de l’Antiquité à l’Islam: 125–38. Paris: Musée du Louvre and La documentation française. Inizan, M.-L. 2000. Importation de cornalines et d’agates de l’Indus en Mésopotamie, le cas de Suse et Tello, in V. Roux (ed.) Cornaline de l’Inde, Des pratiques techniques de Cambay aux technosystèmes de l’Indus: 475–501. Paris: Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme. Inizan, M.-L., M. Jazim and F. Mermier 1992. L’artisanat de la cornaline au Yémen: premières données. Techniques et cultures 20: 155–74. Ippel, A. 1922. Der Bronzefund von Galjûb. Modelle eines Hellenistischen Goldschmieds. Berlin: Karl Curtius. Irimia, M. 2005. Cu privire la raporturile dintre sciți, geți și coloniile grecești la Dunărea de Jos în secolele VI–IV a.Chr.. Revista română de studii eurasiatice 1: 51–93. Irons, W. 1979. Political Stratification among Pastoral Nomads, in L’Equipe écologie et anthropologie des sociétés pastorales (ed.) Pastoral production and society = Production pastorale et société : proceedings of the international meeting on nomadic pastoralism / Actes du colloque international sur le pastoralisme nomade, Paris 1–3 Décembre 1976: 361–74. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ismagylov, R.B. 1978. Kinzhaly pozdnesavromatskogo vremeni iz Bashkirii. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1978/4: 229–38. Ismagylov, R.B. 1980. Priural’skie akinaki s navershiem v vide ushastogo grifona i khishchnogo zhivotnogo. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1980/1: 219–28. Istvan, F. (ed.) 2013. Ancient burial masks. Hungarian burial tradition of eastern origin. Budapest: Hungarian National Museum. Istvánovits, E. and V. Kulcsár 2017. Sarmatians: History and Archaeology of a Forgotten People (Forschungs Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Monographien 123). Mainz am Rhein: Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums. Itina, М.А. 1977. Istoriya stepnykh plemen yuzhnogo Priaral’ya (II nachalo I tysyacheletiya do n.e.) (Trudy Khorezmskoy Arkheologo-Etnograficheskoy Ekspeditsii 10). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Ivanov A.A., V.G. Lukonin and L.S. Smesova 1984. Iuvelirnyie izdeliya vostoka: drevnyi and srednevekovyi periody. Moscow: ‘Artiya’. Ivanchik, A.I. 2005a. Who were the the ‘Scythian’ archers on archaic Attic vases?, in D. Braund (ed.) Scythians and Greeks. Cultural Interactions in Scythia, Athens and the Early Roman Empire (Sixth Century BC–First Century AD): 100–13. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. 714 Bibliography Ivanchik, A.I. 2005b. Severnoe Prichernomorie i Stepnye Kochevniki 8–7 vv. do n.e. v Antichnoy Literaturnoy Tradicii: Folklor, Literatura i Istoriya. Moscow and Berlin: Paleograf. Ivanchik, A.I. 2006. ‘Scythian’ archers on Archaic Attic vases: problems of interpretation. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 12: 197–271. Ivanchik, A.I. 2018. Scythians, ii. history, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica, accessed 25th April 2018, <http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ scythians#History> Ivashchenko, M.V. 2012. Amfornye klejma iz poselenija Chobruchi na levoberezhe Nizhnego Dnestra, in N.P. Telnov (ed.) Drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomorya III–II vv. do n.e.: 81–86. Tiraspol’: OOO ‘Remont vychislitel’noj tehniki’ Publishers. Izvlecheniye 1855. Izvlecheniye iz Vsepoddanneyshego otcheta ob arkheologicheskikh razyskaniyakh v 1853 godu. St. Petersburg: Printing house of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Jacobs, B. 2014. Bildkunst als Zeugnis für Orientierung und Konsens innerhalb der Eliten des westlichen Achämenidenreichs, in R. Rollinger and K. Schnegg (eds) Kulturkontakte in antiken Welten. Vom Denkmodell zum Fallbeispiel. Proceedings des internationalen Kolloquiums aus Anlass des 60. Geburtstags von Christoph Ulf. Innsbruck 26. bis 30. Januar 2009 (Colloquia Antica 10): 343–68. Leuven: Peeters. Jacobson, E. 1985. Mountains and Nomads: A Reconsideration of the Origins of Chinese Landscape Representation. Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities (Östasiatiska Museet), Stockholm 57: 133–79. Jacobson, E. 1988. Beyond the Frontier. A Reconsideration of Cultural Interchange Between China and the Early Nomads. Early China 13: 201–40. Jacobson, E. 2005. The Art of the Scythians. The Interpenetration of Cultures at the Edge of the Hellenic World. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Jakes, K.A. and J.H. Howard 1986. Replacement of protein and cellulose fibers by copper minerals and the formation of textile pseudomorphs, in H.L. Needles and S. Haig Zeronian (eds) Historic Textile and Paper Materials: Conservation and Characterization: 277–87. Washington, DC: American Chemical Association. Jakes, K.A. and L.R. Sibley 1984. An Examination of the Phenomenon of Textile Fabric Pseudomorphism, in J.B. Lambert (ed.) Archaeological Chemistry III: 403–24. Washington D.C.: American Chemical Society. James, M.A., N. Reifarth, A.J. Mukherjee, M.P. Crump, P.J. Gates, P. Sandor, F. Robertson, P. Pfälzner and R.P. Evershed 2009. High prestige Royal Purple dyed textiles from the Bronze Age royal tomb at Qatna, Syria. Antiquity 83/322: 1109–18. Janaway, R.C. 1987. The preservation of organic materials in association with metal artifacts deposited in inhumation graves, in A. Boddington, A.N. Garland and R.C. Janaway (eds) Death, Decay and Reconstruction. Approaches to Archaeology and Forensic Science: 127–48. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Januszczak, W. 2017. Shining example. The Sunday Times Culture Magazine (24th September): 12. Jasim, S.A. 2006. Trade centres and commercial routes in the Arabian Gulf: Post-Hellenistic discoveries at Dibba, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 17/2 (November): 214– 37. Jaspers, K. 1949. Die Achsenzeit der Weltgeschichte. Der Monat 2/6: 3–9. Javadi, H. 2003. Mātīū Ārnūld va tarjumeh-yi dāstān-i <<Rustam va Suhrāb>>. Iran nameh 21: 301–12. Jayakumar, P. 2001. Carnelian beads from the Kodumanal megaliths, in S. Rajagopal (ed.) Kaveri: Studies in Epigraphy, Archaeology and History (Professor Y. Subbarayalu Felicitation Volume): 248–55. Chennai: Panpattu Veliyiittakam. Jettmar, K. 1951. The Altai Before the Turks (The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities Bulletin 23). Stockholm: The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities. Jettmar, K. 1965. L’art des steppes. Le style animalier eurasiatique genèse et arrière-plan social (L’art dans le monde). Paris: Albin Michel. Jettmar, K. 1967. Art of the Steppes: the Eurasian Animal Style. London: Methuen. Jin, Junli 2009. Chronological and Cultural Framework of Bronzes in Northern China during the 4th to the 3rd Millennia B.P. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Tübingen. Johnson, J.A. 2014. Community Matters? Investigating Social Complexity through Centralization and Differentiation in Bronze Age Pastoral Societies of the Southern Urals, Russian Federation, 2100–900 BC. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh. Johnson, J.A. 2018. Presenting the Warrior? Iron Age Scythian Materials and Gender Identity at the British Museum. American Journal of Archaeology 122/3: 1–10 [https://doi.org/ajaonline1223.Johnson]. Johnson, J., S. Makhortykh, A. Ventresca Miller, and T. Taylor forthcoming. Tales of Two Cities: Demographic Centralization, Land Use, and Trade in the Pontic Forest-Steppe Urban Developments, ca. 700–200 BC. Journal of World Prehistory. Jones, J. 2017. Wine-drinking, weed-smoking warriors storm the British Museum in a beguiling show that’s part of game of thrones. The Guardian 13th September: 34. Jordana, X., I. Galtés, T. Turbat, D. Batsukh, C. García, A. Isidro, P.-H. Giscard and A. Malgosa 2009. The warriors of the steppes: osteological evidence of warfare and violence from Pazyryk tumuli in the Mongolian Altai. Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 1319–27. Joshi, J.P. 1972. Exploration in Northern Kutch and Excavation at Surkotada. Journal of the Oriental Institute, Baroda 22: 98–144. 715 Bibliography Juliano, A. 1991. The Warring States Period – The State of Qin, Yan, Chu, and Pazyryk: a Historical Footnote. Source: Notes in the History of Art 10/4: 25–29. Jung Suk-Bae 1998a. Problema vzaimootnosheniy plemen Severnogo Kitaya s plemenami Yuzhnoy Sibiri v epokhu bronzy i rannego zheleza (na osnove sravnitel’nogo izucheniya kinzhalov i nozhey). Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Moscow. Jung Suk-Bae 1998b. Kinzhaly epokhi rannego zheleza iz Severnogo Kitaya, in B.A. Raev (ed.) Antichnaya tsivilizatsiya i varvarskiy mir (Materialy 6-go arkheologicheskogo seminara) Part 1: 23–29. Krasnodar: Krasnodar State Academy of Culture. Junge, J. 1939. Die ost-saka, in J. Junge (ed.) Saka-Studien: der ferne nordosten im Weltbild der Antike (Klio 41/28): 83–105. Leipzig: Scientia. Junkelmann, M. 1992. Die Reiter Roms. Vol. III: Zubehör, Reitweise, Bewaffnung (Kulturgeschichte der Antiken Welt 53). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Kachalova, N.K. 1983. O lokalnykh razlichiyakh Poltavkinskoy kulturno-istoricheskoy obshchnosti. Arkheologicheskiy Sbornik 24: 4–19. Kadlečíková M., J. Breza, L. Vančo, M. Gregor and I. Bazovský 2015. Raman Spectroscopy of Ancient Beads from Devín Castle near Bratislava and of Four Intaglios from other Archaeological Finds in Slovakia. The Journal of Gemmology 34/6: 510–17. Kadyrbayev, M.K. 1966. Pamyatniki tasmolinskoj kultury, in A.Kh. Margulan, K.A. Akishev, M.K. Kadyrbayev and A.M. Orazbayev (eds) Drevnyaya kultura Centralnogo Kazakhstana: 303–433. Alma-Ata: Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences. Kadyrbayev, M.K. 1984. Kurgannyye nekropoli verkhovyyev r. Ilek, in A.I. Melyukova, M.G. Moshkova and V.G. Petrenko (eds) Drevnosti Evrazii v skifo-sarmatskoye vremya: 84–93. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Kadyrbayev, M.K. and J. Kurmankulov 1976. Zahoroneniiya voinov savromatskogo vremeni na levoberejie r. Ilek, in K.A. Akishev (ed.) Proshloe Kazkstana po arkheologitcheskim istotchnikam: 137–56. Alma-Ata: Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences. Kakoulli, I. 2009. Greek Painting Techniques and Materials from the Fourth to the First Century BC. London: Archetype. Kaltsas, N.E. and J. Giannakopoulou 2007. The National Archaeological Museum. Athens: EFG Eurobank Ergasias S.A. and John S. Latsis Public Benefit Foundation. Kamaleev, Z.V. 2018. Otchet i khraneniiye kollektsii Filippovsikh kurganov v Muzei arkheologii i ethnografii, in R.D. Ghilyazetdinov (ed.) Kollektsii Filippovka kurganov iz fondor Muzei arkheologii i ethnografii: 70–391. Ufa: Kital. Kambakhsh-e Fard, S.O. 1998. Parthian Pithos-Burials at Germi (Azarbaijan) (Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History Supplement 1). Tehran: Iran University Press. Kaniuth, K. 2006. Metallobjekte der Bronzezeit aus Nordbaktrien (Archäologie in Iran und Turan 6). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Kantorovich, A.R. 2010. Istoki i variatsii obrazov grifona i grifonopodobnykh sushchestv v ranneskifskom zverinom stile VII–VI vv. do n.e. Arkheologicheskiy almanakh 12: 189–224. Kantorovich, A.R. 2015. Skifskiy zverinyy stil’ Vostochnoy Evropy. Klassifikatsiya, tipologiya, khronologiya, evolyutsiya. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Moscow State University. Kaptan, D. 2002. The Daskyleion Bullae. Seal Images from the Western Achaemenid Empire (Achaemenid History 12). Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten. Karanth, R.V. 1988. Silica bead industry in Cambay, Gujarat State, India. Journal of the Geological Society of India 31 (April): 426–31. Karanth, R.V. 1992. The Ancient Gem Industry in Cambay. Man and Environment 17/1: 61–70. Karo, G. 1930. Die Schachtgräber von Mykenai. Tafeln. München: Verlag F. Bruckmann AG. Kats, V.I. 1994. Keramicheskie klejma Hersonesa Tavricheskogo. Katalog-opredelitel’. Saratov: University Publishing House. Kats, V.I. 2007. Grecheskiye keramicheskiye kleyma epokhi klassiki i ellinizma (opyt kompleksnogo izucheniya) (Bosporskiye issledovaniya 18). Simferopol and Kerch: Crimean Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies. Kats, V.I. 2015. Keramicheskiye kleyma Aziatskogo Bospora. Gorgippiya i eye khora. Semibratneye gorodishche. Katalog. Saratov: University Publishing House. Kats, V.I. 2016. Izyskaniya S.V. Polina v oblasti keramicheskoy epigrafiki Geraklei Pontiyskoy. Stratum plus 2016/3: 241–58. Kawami, T.S. 1991. Greek Art and the Finds at Pazyryk. Source: Notes in the History of Art 10/4: 16–19. Kayama, M., N. Tomioka, E. Ohtani, Y. Seto, H. Nagaoka, J. Götze, A. Miyake, S. Ozawa, T. Sekine, M. Miyahara, K. Tomeoka, M. Matsumoto, N. Shoda, N. Hirao and T. Kobayashi 2018. Discovery of moganite in a lunar meteorite as a trace of H2O ice in the Moon’s regolith. Science Advances 4/5: eaar4378. Kazakhstan 2002. Natsionalnaiya entciklopediya (Kazakzskaiya entsiklopediya 4). Almaty. Keenleyside, A. 2008. Dental pathology and diet at Apollonia, a Greek colony on the Black Sea. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 18: 262–79. Keenleyside, A., H. Schwarcz and K. Panayotova 2006. Stable isotopic evidence of diet in a Greek colonial population from the Black Sea. Journal of Archaeological Science 33: 1205–15. Keller, D. 2001. Fabulous Creatures from the Desert Sands, in D. Keller and R. Schorta (eds) Fabulous Creatures from the Desert Sands. Central Asian Woolen 716 Bibliography Textiles from the Second Century BC to the Second Century AD (Riggisberger Berichte 10): 9–13. Riggisberg: Abegg-Stiftung. Kelly, G.I.O. 2013. Craft specialization, techology and social change: a study of material culture in Iron Age and Early Historic South India (c. 1200 BCE–400 CE). Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin – Madison. Kelly, G.I.O. 2017. The Megalithic Bleached Carnelian Beads of the Deccan: Chronology and Use as a Medium of Exchange, in M.N. Bari and H.M. Maheshwarajah (eds) Deccan. Culture, Heritage and Literature: 105–39. New Delhi: Department of History, Central University of Karnataka and Manak Publications. Kennedy, M. 2017. ‘Their tombs were their monuments’: under the skin of the Russians’ wild ancestors. The Guardian 31st May: 3. Kennet, D. with contributions by B. Ulrich and S. Le Maguer 2013. Kadhima. Kuwait in the Early Centuries of Islam. Kuwait: National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters. Kenoyer, J.M. 2003. Stone Beads and Pendant Making Techniques, in J.W. Lankton (ed.) A Bead Timeline: Vol. 1 Prehistory to 1200 CE: 14–19. Washington, DC: The Bead Museum. Kenoyer, J.M. 2005. Bead Technologies at Harappa, 3300–1900 BC: A Comparative Summary, in C. Jarrige and V. Lefèvre (eds) South Asian Archaeology 2001. Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference of the European Association of South Asian Archaelogists, held in Collège de France, Paris 2–6 July 2001: vol. I, 157– 70. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations and ADPF (two volumes). Kenoyer, J.M. 2007. Stone beads in Ancient South Asia 7000–600 BC: A comparative approach to technology, style, and ideology, in J. Allen and V. Hector (eds) The Global Perspective of Beads and Beadwork: History, Manufacture, Trade, and Adornment: 1–12. Istanbul: Kadir Has University. Kenoyer, J.M. 2017. History of Stone Beads and Drilling: South Asia, in A.K. Kanungo (ed.) Stone Beads of South and Southeast Asia: Archaeology, Ethnography and Global Connections: 127–50. Gandhinagar and New Delhi: Indian Institute of Technology and Aryan Books International. Kenoyer, J.M. 2020. Bleached carnelian beads of the Indus Tradition, 3rd millennium BC: origins and variations, in I.L. Finkel and St J. Simpson (eds) In Context: the Reade Festschrift: 169-182. Oxford: Archaeopress Archaeology. Kenoyer, J.M., M. Vidale and K.K. Bhan 1991. Contemporary Stone Beadmaking in Khambhat, India: Patterns of Craft Specialization and Organization of Production as reflected in the Archaeological Record. World Archaeology 23/1: 44–63. Kenoyer, J.M., M. Vidale and K.K. Bhan 1994. Carnelian Bead Production in Khambhat India: An Ethnoarchaeological Study, in B. Allchin (ed.) Living Traditions: Studies in the Ethnoarchaeology of South Asia: 281–306. New Delhi / Bombay / Calcutta: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Kepinski, C. 2010. The burial mounds of the Middle Euphrates (2100-1800 B.C.) and their links with Arabia: the subtle dialectic between tribal and state practices, in L. Weeks (ed.) Death and Burial in Arabia and Beyond. Multidisciplinary Perspectives (Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 10): 165–71. Oxford: Archaeopress. Kettering, K. 2017. Baron Stieglitz, the Polovstov Family, and the Pursuit of Art, in M. Kelly Trombly (ed.) Fabergé and the Russian Crafts Tradition: An Empire’s Legacy: 21–30. London and Baltimore: Thames and Hudson and The Walters Museum. Khabdulina, M.K., D.T. Tleugabulov, T.V. Brynza, G.D. Bilyalova and P.Yu. Kucherov 2017. Issledovaniye pamyatnikov bronzovogo veka v Akmolinskom Priishim’ye (poseleniye Shagalaly II). Astana: Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Faculty of History, Scientific Research Institute of Archaeology named after K.A. Akishev. Khavrin, S.V. 2005. Spektralnyy analiz bronzovykh izdeliy skifskogo vremeni Sayano-Altaya i problemy khronologii tagarskoy kultury, in G.G. Korol (ed.) Arkheologiya Yuzhnoy Sibiri: idei, metody, otkrytiya: 96–98. Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev. Khazanov, А.М. 1975а. Zoloto Skifov. Moscow: Soviet Art. Khazanov, А.М. 1975b. Sotsialnaya istoriya skifov. Osnovnye problemy razvitiya drevnikh kochevnikov evraziyskikh stepey. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Khazanov, А.М. 1978. The Early State among the Scythians. The Early State 32: 425. Khazanov, А.М. 1981. The Early State among the Eurasian nomads. The study of the state: 156–73. Khazanov, А.М. 1984. Nomads and the Outside World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Khazanov, А.М. 1994. Nomads and the Outside World. University of Wisconsin Press (second edition). Khazanov, А.М. 2015. The Scythians and their neighbors, in R. Amitai and M. Biran (eds) Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change: The Mongols and their Eurasian predecessors: 32–49. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Khazanov, А.М. 2016. Notes on the Scythian Political Culture, in I. Zimonyi and O. Karatay (eds) Central Eurasia in the Middle Ages: Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden: 171–88. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Khazanov, A.M. and A. Wink (eds) 2001. Nomads in the Sedentary World. Richmond: Curzon. Khrapunov, I.N. 1995. Ocherki yetnicheskoy istorii Kryma v rannem zheleznom veke. Tavry. Skify. Sarmaty. Simferopol: Tavrija. Khrapunov, I.N. 2004. Etnicheskaja istorija Kryma v rannem zheleznom veke. Bosporskie issledovanija 6. 717 Bibliography Simferopol and Kerch: Kerchenskaya gorodskaya tipografiya. Khudaverdyan, A.Y. 2012. Bioarchaeological analysis of human skeletal remains of Iron Age from the Shirakavan cemetery, Shirak Plateau, Armenia. Advances in Anthropology 2: 224–33. Khudyakov, Yu.S. 2005. Sedla drevnikh tyurok Tsentralnoy Azii, in V.I. Soyonov and V.P. Oynoshev (eds) Izucheniye istoriko-kulturnogo naslediya narodov Yuzhnoy Sibiri: 119–43. Gorno-Altaysk: Agency on the Cultural and Historical Heritage of the Altai Republic. Kilunovskaya, M. and P. Leus 2018a. Archaeological discoveries in Tuva: excavations of the Ala-Tey and Terezin cemeteries of the Xiongnu period in 2015– 2016. Asian Archaeology 1/1: 45–62. Kilunovskaya, M. and P. Leus 2018b. Recent Excavations of Xiongnu Graves on the Left Bank of the UlugKhem in Tuva. The Silk Road 16: 1–20 [https:// edspace.american.edu/silkroadjournal/v16_2018_ kulinovskaya_leus/]. Kingma, K. and R. Hemley 1994. Raman spectroscopic study of microcrystalline silica. American Mineralogist 79: 269–73. Kirby, D., M. Buckley, E. Promise, S.A. Trauger and T.R. Holdcraft 2013. Identification of collagen-based materials in cultural heritage. Analyst 138: 4849–58. Kircho, L.B. 1975. ‘Kovry’ na cherepkakh. Pamyatniki Turkmenistana 2/20: 11–12. Ashgabat. Kiryushin, Yu.F. and A.A. Tishkin 1997. Skifskaya epokha Gornogo Altaya. Ch. I: Kultura naseleniya v ranneskifskoe vremya. Barnaul: Altai State University Press. Kisel, V.A. 1994. Neskol’ko zamechaniy ob obraze koshach’ego khishchnika v rannem skifskom iskusstve, in A.Yu. Alekseyev, N.A. Bokovenko, L.S. Marsadolov and Vl.A. Semenov (eds) Elitnye kurgany stepey Evrazii v skifo-sarmatskuyu epokhu) (Arkheologicheskie izyskaniya) 18: 111–19. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Kisel, V.A. 2003. Shedevry yuvelirov Drevnego Vostoka iz skifskikh kurganov. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Oriental Studies. Kisel, V.A. 2015a. Istorichnost ‘Skifskogo logosa’ i avtopsiya Gerodota, in Yu.K. Chistov (ed.) Radlovsky sbornik. Nauchnye issledovaniya i muzeynye proekty MAE RAN v 2014: 406–17. St. Petersburg: Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences. Kisel, V.A. 2015b. O dvuh ehpizodah skifskoj istorii v sochinenii Gerodota, in E.F. Korolkova (ed.) Arheologiya bez granic: kollekcii, problemy, issledovaniya, gipotezy. Trudy gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 77: 213–33. Kiselev, S.V. 1951. Drevnyaya istoriya Yuzhnoy Sibiri. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Kiyashko, V.Ya. and V.A. Korenyako 1976. Pogrebeniye rannego zheleznogo veka u g. Konstantinovska-naDonu. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1976/1: 170–77. Klepikov, V.M. 2000. Pamyatniki III v. do n.e. v Nizhnem Povolzhe, in Rannesarmatskaya kultura: formirovanie, razvitie, khronologiya. Materialy IV mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii ‘Problemy sarmatskoy arkheologii i istorii’: vol. 1, 116–24. Klepikov, V.M. 2002. Sarmaty Nizhnego Povolzhya IV–III vv. do n.e.. Volgograd: Volgograd University. Klepikov, V.M. and A.S. Skripkin 2002. Khronologiya rannesarmatskih pamyatnikov Nizhnego Povolzhya. Nizhnevolzhskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik 2002/5: 47– 81. Klepikov, V.M., A.S. Skripkin and I.V. Sergatskov 2008. Prokhorovskaya kultura v Nizhnem Povolzhe: stanovlenie i transformatsiya, in L.T. Yablonsky (ed.) Rannie kochevniki Volgo-Uralskogo regionaю Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii ‘Rannie kochevniki Yuzhnogo Priuralya v svete noveyshih arkheologicheskih otkrytiy’, 21–25 aprelya 2008 g.: 50–63. Orenburg: OGPU. Knauer, E.R. 1978. Towards a History of the Sleeved Coat. A Study of the Impact of an Ancient Eastern Garment on the West. Expedition 21/1: 18–36. Knauer, E.R. 1985. Ex Oriente Vestimenta. Aufstieg und Niedergang der Romische Welt (H. Temporini and W. Haase), Part II Principät, 12.3: 578–741. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter. Knauer, E.R. 2003. A Quest for the Origins of the Persian Riding Coats: Sleeved Garments with Underarm Openings, in C. Fluck and G. Vogelsang-Eastwood (eds) Riding Costume in Egypt. Origin and Appearance: 7–28. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Koch, H. 2001. Persepolis: Glänzende Hauptstadt des Perserreichs. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Kohl, P.L. 2002. Archaeological transformations: Crossing the pastoral/agricultural bridge. Iranica Antiqua 37: 151–90. Kolotukhin, V.A. 2000. Kimmeriytsy i skify Stepnogo Kryma. Simferopol: Sonat. Koltukhov, S.G. 1999. Ukreplenija Krymskoj Skifii. Simferopol: Sonat. Koltukhov, S.G. 2004. Varvarskie poselenija klassicheskogo i rannejellinisticheskogo vremeni v Vostochnom i Jugo-vostochnom Krymu. Drevnosti Bospora 7: 217–37. Koltukhov, S.G. 2006. Kurgan IV Akkayskogo (Belogorskogo) kurgannogo mogilnika. Drevnosti Bospora 9: 228–59. Koltukhov, S.G. 2007. Osnovnoe pogrebenie kurgana Besh-Oba IV/2, in Yu.P. Zaitsev and V.I. Mordvintseva (eds) Drevnyaya Tavrika. Posvyaschaetsja 80-letiyu T.N. Vysotskoy: 193–206. Simferopol: Universum. Koltukhov, S.G. 2012. Skify Krymskogo Prisivashja v VII– IV vv. do n.e. Pogrebalniye Pamyatniki. Landshaftnoistoricheskoe rayonirovanie arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov Kryma. Simferopol: ‘Predprijatie Fenix’. Komaroff, L. (ed.) 2011. Gifts of the Sultan: The Arts of Giving at the Islamic Courts. New Haven: Yale University Press. 718 Bibliography Komarova, М.N. 1981. Svoyeobraznaya gruppa eneoliticheskikh pamyatnikov na Yeniseye, in T.N. Troitskaya (ed.) Problemy zapadno-sibirskoy arkheologii. Epokha kamnya i bronzy: 76–90. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Komissarov, S.A. 2005. K voprosu o proiskhozhdenii stremyan, in A.A. Tishkin (ed.) Snaryazheniye kochevnikov Evrazii: 127–29. Barnaul: Publishing House of Altai University. Konow, S. (ed.) 1991. Kharoshṭhī Inscriptions with the exception of those of Aśoka (Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, CII II/2). Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India (reprint). Kopeikina, L.V. 1986. Zolotye blyashki iz kurgana KulOba, in N.L. Grach (ed.) Antichnaja toreutika: 28–63. Leningrad: State Hermitage Museum. Kopylov, V.P. 2002. Nizhniy Don i Bospor Kimmeriysky v tret’ey chetverti VII – pervoj treti III vv. do n.e., in M.Yu. Vakhtina, V.Yu. Zuyev, E.Ya. Rogov and V.A. Khrshanovskiy (eds) Bosporskij fenomen. Pogrebalnye pamyatniki i svyatilischa 1: 229–35. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Korenyako, V.A. 2001. Kurgan ranneskifskogo vremeni u sela Novozavedennogo v Stavropolskom kraye, in M.P. Abramova and V.I. Markovin (eds) Severny Kavkaz: istoriko-arkheologicheskiye ocherki i zametki (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii Rossii) 3: 52–64. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Korolkova, E.F. 2001. Filippovskie kurgany i zveriny stil’, in R.G. Kuzeeva and M.B. Piotrovsky (eds) Zolotye oleni Evrazii: 64–163. St. Peterburg: ‘Slaviya’. Korolkova, E.F. 2003. Ritualnyye chashi s zoomorfnym dekorom v kultura rannikh kochevnikov. Arkheologichesky sbornik gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 36: 28–60. Korolkova, E.F. 2006. Zverinyy stil’ Evrazii. Iskusstvo plemen Nizhnego Povolzhya i Yuzhnogo Priuralya v skifskuyu epokhu (VII–IV vv. do n.e.). Problemy stilya i etnokulturnoy prinadlezhnosti. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Oriental Studies. Korolkova, E.F. 2009. Sarmatischer Schmuck und sibirisches Gold antiker Nomaden in Gold der Steppe, in W. Seipel (ed.) Sensationsfunde aus fürstengräbern der scythen und sarmaten: 42–57. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum. Korolkova, E.F. 2011. Konskii ‘egret’ so scenoi terzanija iz Sibirskoi kollektsii Petra I. Soobscheniya gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 69: 5–13. Korolkova, E.F. 2017a. The Siberian Collection of Peter the Great, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 32–67. London: Thames and Hudson. Korolkova, E.F. 2017b. O proiskhozhdenii nekotorykh osobennostey sibirskogo zverinogo stilya, in N.A. Makarov (ed.) Kratkie soobschenia Instituta arkheologii 247: 50–60. Moscow: Publishing house ‘Yask’. Korolkova, E.F. 2017c. Ob absolyutnosti i absolyutnoy khronologii arkhaicheskoy Skifii i yeye vysotnykh reporov. Archeologiya i davnyaya istoriya Ukrainy 23/2: 465–69. Korolyuk, E.A. 2003. Krasil’nye rasteniya Altaya i sopredel’nykh territoriy, in N.G. Bazarnova (ed.) Khimiya rastitel’nogo syr’ya 1: 101–35. Korovina, A.K. 1957. K voprosu ob izuchenii Cemibratnikh kurganov. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1957/2: 179–87. Koryakova, L. 2000. On the Northern Periphery of the Nomadic World: Research in the Trans-Ural Region, in J. Aruz, A. Farkas and E. Valtz Fino (eds) The Golden Deer of Eurasia. Perspectives on the Steppe Nomads of the Ancient World (Metropolitan Museum of Art Symposia): 102–13. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Koryakova, L. and A.V. Epimakhov 2007. The Urals and Western Siberia in the Bronze and Iron Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kossack, G. 1998. Ostentatious Graves. Remarks about Their Nature and Interpretative Value, in B. Hänsel and A. Harding (eds) Towards Translating the Past: 13– 37. Rahden: Marie Leidorf. Kost, C. 2017. Heightened Receptivity: Steppe Objects and Steppe Influences in Royal Tombs of the Western Han Dynasty. Journal of American Oriental Society 137/2: 349–81. Kovalenko, A.N. 2006. Naselenie Nizhnego Dona vtoroj poloviny IV – pervoj treti III vv. do n.e., in Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija v bassejne Chernogo morja v drevnosti i srednie veka. Sbornik statej po materialam XI mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferentsii: 51–57. Rostovon-Don: NMCA RGPU. Kovalev, A.A. 1987. O zakhoroneniyakh loshadey v Kelermesskikh kurganakh (k razrabotkam M.P. Gryaznov), in anon. (ed.) Istoricheskiye chteniya pamyati M.P. Gryaznov: 29–30. Omsk: Omsk State University Press. Kovaleva, O.V. 2013. Risunki na plitakh i stelakh kurgana Barsuchiy log. Sayano-Altayskiy nauchnyy obzor 5/1: 91–119. Kovalevskaya, V.B. 2001. Torgovyye puti Severnogo Kavkaza v rannem srednevekov’ye (po dannym obrabotki komp’yuternykh kart raspredeleniya serdolikovykh bus V-IX vv.). Drevniye tsivilizatsii Yevrazii. Istoriya i kul’tura: Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchonnoy 75-letiyu B.A. Litvinskogo: 227–42. Moscow: ‘Oriental Literature’, Russian Academy of Sciences. Kovpanenko, G., S. Bessonova and S. Skory 1989. Pamyatniki skifskoy epokhi Dneprovskogo lesostepnogo pravoberezhja (Kiyevo-Cherkasskiy region). Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Kozak, A.D. 2018. Soprovozhdayushchiye pogrebeniya v trizne Aleksandropolskogo kurgana. K antropologii skifskogo vremeni, in S.V. Polin and A.Yu. Alekseev (eds) Skifskiy tsarskiy Aleksandropolskiy kurgan IV v. 719 Bibliography do n.e. v Nizhnem Podneprovye (Kurgany Ukrainy 6): 632–76. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Kozenkova, V.I. 1982. Tipologiya i khronologicheskaya klassifikatsiya predmetov kobanskoy kultury. Vostochny variant (Collection of Archaeological Sources B2-5). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Kozenkova, V.I. 2004. Biritualism v pogrebalnom obryade drevnikh ‘kobantsev’, in Mogilnik Tereze kontsa XII-VIII vv. do n.e. (Materialy po izucheniyu istoriko-kulturnogo naslediya Severnogo Kavkaza V). Moscow: Monuments of Historical Thought. Kozenkova, V.I. 2013. Kobanskaya kultura i okruzhayushchiy mir (vzaimosvyazi, problemy sudby i sledov raznokulturnykh infiltratsiy v mestnoy srede). Moscow: Taus. Kozhin, P.М. 2012. Lepnaya keramika kochevnikov razvitogo bronzovogo veka v Sredney Azii. Trudy Margianskoy Arkheologicheskoy Ekspeditsii 4: 199– 221. Kozintsev, A.G. 2007. Skify Severnogo Prichernomorya: mezhgruppovye razlichiya, vneshniye svyazi, proiskhozhdeniye. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 32 (2007/4): 143–58. Kozintsev, P. and Z. Samashev 2014. Berel horses. Morphological research (Collection: Materials and researches on archaeology of Kazakhstan). Astana. Kozlov, P.K. 1925. Severnaya Mongolia – NoinUlinskiye pamyatniki. Kratkiye otchyoty ekspeditsiy po issledovaniyu Severnoy Mongolii v svyazi s MongoloTibetskoy Ekspeditsii P.K. Kozlov: 7–12. Leningrad: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Kozlov, P.K. 1926. Noyon-Ulskiye kurgany. Vestnik Manchurii 1/2: 51–56. Kozlov, P.K. 1928. Kratky otchyot o MongoloTibetskoy ekspeditsii gosudarstvennogo russkogo geographicheskogo obshchestva 1923–1926: Severnaya Mongolia, III. Leningrad: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Kožomberdieva, E.I., I.K. Kožomberdiev and P.N. Kožomjako 1998. Ein Katakombengrab aus der Schlucht Samsi. Eurasia Antiqua 4: 451–71. Kozub, Yu. I. 1973. Model luka iz Olvii, in A.I. Terenozhkin (ed.) Skifskiye drevnosti: 270–75. Кiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Krader, L. 1963. Social Organization of the Mongol-Turkic Pastoral Nomads. The Hague: Mouton. Kradin, N.N. 2006. Kochevniki, mir-imperii i sotsialnaya evolutsiya, in L.E. Grinin, D.M. Bondarenko, N.N. Kradin and A.V. Korotaev (eds) Rannee gosudarstvo, ego alternativy i analogy: 490–511. Volgograd: Uchitel. Kradin, N.N. 2007. Kochevniki Evrazii. Almaty: Dyke Press. Kradin, N.N. 2011. Stateless Empire: The structure of the Xiongnu nomadic super-complex chiefdom, in U. Brosseder and B.K. Miller (eds) Xiongnu Archaeology: multidisciplinary perspectives of the first steppe empire in Inner Asia (Bonn Contributions to Asian Archaeology 5): 77–96. Bonn: Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. Kradin, N.N. 2014. Nomads of Inner Asia in transition. Moscow: Krasand. Kradin, N.N. 2018. Ancient Steppe Nomad Societies (Oxford Research Encyclopaedia, Asian History). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kraeva, L.A. and E.A. Kuptsov 2007. Novyye dannyye o konstruktsii goritov rannikh kochevnikov Yuzhnogo Priaral’ya, in L.T. Yablonsky and A.D. Tairov (eds) Problemy sarmatskoy arkheologii i istorii. Vooruzheniye sarmatov: regional’naya tipologiya i khronologiya: 30– 37. Chelyabinsk: Izdatelstvo YuUrGU. Kratkiye Otchyoty Expeditsiy po issledovaniyu Severnoy Mongolii v svyazi s Mongolo-Tibetskoy Expeditsiyey P.K. Kozlova. 1925. Leningrad: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Kreyenbroek, G. 1985. Sraoša in the Zoroastrian Tradition. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Kruglikova, I.T. 1975. Sel’skoe hozjajstvo Bospora. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Kruglikova, I.T. 1984. Bulli iz Djiga-tepe. Drevnyaya Baktriya. Materiali Sovetsko-Afghanskoi ekspeditsii 3: 141–51. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Krupa, T.M. 2001. Issledovaniye sostava krasitelei arkheologicheskih tkanei vtoroi poloviny VII v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e., in Problemy zberezhennya, konservatsiyi, restavratsiyi ta ekspertyzy muzeinyh panyatok. Tezy dopovidei III Mizhnarodnoyi naukovopraktychnoyi konferentsiyi. 22-24 travnya 2001: 84–85. Kiev: Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Kruts, S.I. 2005. Novÿe antropologicheskie materialÿ iz kurganov skifskoï znati Severnogo Prichernomor’ya, in B.N. Mozolevsky and S.V. Polin (eds) Kurgany Skifskogo Gerrosa IV v. do n.e. (Babina, Bodyana i Soboleva mogily): 459–501. Kiev: ‘Stilos’. Kryzhitskii, S.D. 1982. Zhilye doma antichnykh gorodov Severnogo Prichernomoria: VI v. do n.e. –IV v. n.e. Kiev: ‘Scientific Opinion’. Kubarev, V.D. 1981. Kinzhaly iz Gornogo Altaya, in Yu.S. Khudyakov (ed.) Voyennoye delo drevnikh plemen Sibiri i Tsentralnoy Azii: 29–54. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Kubarev, V.D. 1987. Kurgany Ulandryka. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Kubarev, V.D. 1988. Drevnie rospisi Karakola. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Kubarev, V.D. 1991. Kurgany Ustyda. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Kubarev, V.D. 2009. Pamyatniki karakolskoy kultury Altaya. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Kubishev, A.I., S.S. Bessonova and N.V. Kovalev 2009. Bratolyubovskiy kurgan. Kiev: ‘Korvinpress’. 720 Bibliography Kuhrt, A. 2007. The Persian Empire. A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period. London: Routledge. Kulishev, V.S. and N.Zh. Saparov 2016. Paykendskiy klad 2014 goda, in D.K. Mirzaakhmedov and A.V. Omelchenko (eds) Materialy Bukharskoi Arkheologicheskoi Ekspeditsii 13: 65–67, figs 125–27. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Kull, B. 1997. Tod und Apotheose. Zur Ikonographie in Grab und Kunst der jüngeren Eisenzeit an der unteren Donau und ihrer Bedeutung für die Interpretation von ‘Prunkgräbern’. Bericht der Römisch–Germanischen Kommission 78: 197–466. Kumamoto, H. 2009. Khotan, ii. history in the preIslamic period, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica, accessed 27th October 2017 <http://www. iranicaonline.org/articles/khotan-i-pre-islamichistory> Kumar, R. 1999. Costumes and Textiles of Royal India. London: Antique Collectors’ Club Art Books. Kundo, L.P. 2005. ‘Zhiviye’ krasiteli pazyrykskogo tekstilya, in N.V. Polosmak and L.L. Barkova (eds) Kostyum i tekstil’ pazyryktsev Altaya (IV–III vv. do n.e.): 206–11. Novosibirsk: Infolio Press. Kushakova, N.A. and K.V. Chugunov 2010. Pogrebalnyy kompleks s cherepami zhivotnykh v Tsentralnoy Tyve. Tsentralnaya Aziya i Pribaykalye v drevnosti 4: 148–56. Kushnareva, K.Kh. 1977. Drevneyshiye pamyatniki Dvina. Yerevan: Academy of Sciences of the Amenian SSR. Kuttner, R. 1978. The linguistic affinities of the Scyths. The Mankind Quarterly 18: 222–26. Kuzmin, N.Yu. 2006. Okunevsky kod v semantike tesinsko-tashtykskoy raskraski masok, in D.G. Savinov and M.L. Podolsky (eds) Okunevsky sbornik-2. Kultura i ee okruzheniye: 343–51. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press. Kuzmin, N.Yu. 2011. Pogrebalniye pamyatniki khunnosyan’biyskogo vremeni v stepyakh Srednego Eniseya: Tesinskaya kultura. St. Petersburg: Aysing Press. Kuzmina, E.E. 1977. Les relations entre la Bactriane and l’Iran du VIIIe au IVe siècle BC, in J. Deshayes (ed.) Le plateau iranien and l’Asie centrale des origines à la conquête islamique: 201–14. Paris: Éditions du CNRS. Kuzmina, E.E. 1987. Syuzhet borby khishchnika i kopytnogo v iskusstve ‘zverinogo’ stilya evraziyskikh stepey skifskoy epokhi, in A.I. Martynov and V.I. Molodin (eds) Skifo–sibirskiy mir. Iskusstvo i ideologiya: 3–12. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Kuzmina, E.E. 2003. Historical perspectives on the Andronovo and early metal use in eastern Asia, in K.M. Linduff (ed.) Metallurgy in Ancient Eastern Eurasia from the Urals to the Yellow River (Chinese Studies 31): 37-84. Lampeter: The Edwin Mellen Press. Kuzmina, E.E. 2007. The Origin of the Indo-Iranians. Leiden: E.J. Brill (translated by S. Pitina and P. Prudovsky). Kuzminykh, S.V. 1983. Metallurgiya Volgo–Kamya v rannem zheleznom veke. Med i bronza. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Kuznetsov, V. and A.B. Niktin 2019. An Old Persian Inscription from Phanagoria. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 25/1: 1–7. Kuznetsova, T.M. 2016. Kelermessky mogilnik i sistema skifskoy khronologii arkhaicheskogo perioda, in A.S. Balakhvantsev and S.V. Kullanda (eds) Kavkaz i step na rubezhe epokhi bronzy i rannego zheleza: 124– 34. Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences. Kyzlasov, L.R. 1960. Tashtykskaya epokha v istorii Khakassko-Minusinskoy kotloviny. Moscow: Moscow University Press. Kyzlasov, L.R. 1964. O naznachenii drevnetyurkskikh kamennykh izvayaniy, izobrazhayushchikh lyudey. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1964/2: 27–39. Kyzlasov, L.R. 1969a. Istoriya Tuvy v sredniye veka. Moscow: Moscow State University Press. Kyzlasov, L.R. 1979. Drevnyaya Tuva (ot paleolita do IX veka). Moscow: Moscow State University Press. Kyzlasov, L.R. 1987. Pismo iz eneolita (izucheniye v Khakasii unikalnogo pamyatnika – kromlekha kultovogo sooruzheniya epokhi neolita), in V.P. Shilov (ed.) Zadachi sovetskoy arkheologii v svete resheniy XXVII syezda KPSS: tezisy dokladov vsesoyuznoy konferentsii: 143–45. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Soviet Academy of Sciences. Kyzlasov, L.R. and S.V. Pankova 2004. Tatuirovka drevney mumii iz Khakasii (rubezh nashei ery). Soobshcheniya gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 62: 61–67. La Guérinière, F.R. de 2009. Konnaya bibliya. Shkola verkhovoy ezdy. Moscow: Acquarium Press (translation from the French by S.N. Nizov). Lahiri, N. 1992. The Archaeology of Indian Trade Routes up to c. 200 BC. Resource Use, Resource Access and Lines of Communication. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Lancaster, W. 1981. The Rwala Bedouin Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lang, A. 2012. Urartu und die Nomaden – Zur Adaption altorientalischer Motive im reiternomadischen Kunsthandwerk des 7. und 5. Jh. v. Chr. In Eurasien, in S. Kroll, C. Gruber, U. Hellwag, M. Roaf and P. Zimansky (eds) Biainili-Urartu. The proceedings of the symposium held in Munich 12–14 October 2007: 281–93. Leuven: Peeters. Lankton, J.W., J. Diamanti and M. Kenoyer 2003. A Bead Timeline. Volume I: Prehistory to 1200 CE. A Resource for Identication, Classification and Dating. Washington, D.C.: The Bead Society of Greater Washington. Lateiner, D. 1989. The Historical Method of Herodotus. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Latyshev, V.V. 1948. Izvestiya drevnikh pisateley grecheskikh i latinskikh o Skifii i Kavkaze. Vestnik drevnei istorii 1948/2: 217–332. La Vaissière, E. de 2007. A Note on the Schøyen Copper Scroll: Bactrian or Indian? Bulletin of the Asia Institute 21 (N.S.): 127–30. 721 Bibliography La Vaissière, E. de 2015. The Steppe World and the Rise of the Huns, in M. Maas (ed) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila: 175–192. Camridge: Cambridge University Press. Law, R.W. 2011. Inter-regional Interaction and Urbanism in the Ancient Indus Valley: A Geologic Provenience Study of Harappa’s Rock and Mineral Assemblage (Occasional Paper 11, Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past). Kyoto: Research Institute for Humanity and Nature. Law, R., A. Carter, K. Bhan, A. Malik and M.D. Glascock 2012. INAA of Agate Sources and Artifacts from the Indus, Helmand, and Thailand Regions, in D. Frenez and M. Tosi (eds) South Asian Archaeology 2007. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the European Association of South Asian Archaeology Ravenna, Italy, 2-6 July 2007. Volume I. Prehistoric Periods (BAR International Series 2454): 177–84. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. Layard, A.H. 1853. The Monuments of Nineveh. London: John Murray. Lazaretov, I.P. 2007. Pamyatniki bainovskogo tipa i tagarskaya kultura. Arkheologicheskie Vesti 14: 93‒105. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Science. Lazaretov, I.P. 2012. Okunevskiye kurgany s diagonalnymi kladkami, in V.A. Alekshin et al. (eds) Kultury stepnoy Evrazii i ikh vzaimodeystviye s drevnimi tsivilizatsiyami. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 110-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya M.P. Gryaznova: vol. 2, 220–24. St. Petersburg: ‘Periphery’ and Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Lazaretov, I.P., A.V. Polyakov, Yu.N. Esin and N.I. Lazaretova 2012. Novye dannye po formirovaniyu okunevskogo kulturnogo fenomena, in A.P. Derevyanko, A.B. Kudelin and V.A. Tishkov (eds) Istoriko-kulturnoye naslediye i dukhovnye tsennosti Rossii: 130–36. Moscow: ROSSPEN Press. Lazarevsky, Ya. 1894. Aleksandropolskij kurgan. Mogila skifskogo carja. Zapiski rossiyskogo arkheologicheskogo obschestva 7/1–2: 24–46. Le Bailly, M., S. Lepetz, Z. Samashev, H.-P. Francfort and F. Bouchet 2008. Palaeoparasitological study of gastro-intestinal content in horses at a scythian kurgan (3rd century BC) found in Kazakhstan. Anthropozoologica 43/2: 69–75. Lebedeva, E.Y. 2005. Arkheobotanika i izuchenie zemledeliya epokhi bronzy Vostochny Evropy. Opus: Mezhdistsiplinarnye Issledovaniya v Arkheologii 4: 50– 68. Lebedynsky, I. 2001. Les Scythes. La civilisation des steppes (VIIe-IIIe av. J.-C.). Paris: Errance. Lebedynsky, I. 2003. Les Nomades. Les peuples nomades de la steppe des origines aux invasions mongoles IXe siècle av. J.-C.–XIIIe siècle apr. J.-C.. Paris: Errance. Lebedynsky, I. 2006. Les Saces. Les ‘Scythes’ d’Asie, VIIIe siècle av. J.-C.–IVe siècle apr. J.-C.. Paris: Errance. Lebedynsky, I. 2010. Les Scythes. Paris: Errance (revised and expanded edition). Lecoq, P. 1997. Les inscriptions de la Perse achéménide (trans and annot). [Paris]: Gallimard. Lee, J.H., J.A. Han and S.T. Lim 2009. Effect of pH on aqueous structure of maize starches analyzed by HPSEC-MALLS-RI system. Food Hydrocolloids 23: 1935–939. Leggett, W.F. 1944. Ancient and Medieval Dyes. New York: Chemical Press. Legrand, S. 2003. Karasuk metallurgy: technological development and regional influence, in K.M. Linduff (ed.) Metallurgy in Ancient Eastern Eurasia from the Urals to the Yellow River (Chinese Studies 31): 139–56. Lampeter: The Edwin Mellen Press. Leighton, C. 2017a. The BP exhibition ‘Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia’. British Museum Middle East Newsletter 2: 24–25. Leighton, C. 2017b. Riding across Siberia. The British Museum Magazine 88 (autumn): 24–28. Leighton, C. 2018. The BP exhibition ‘Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia’. British Museum Middle East Newsletter 3: 40–41. Lenz, E.E. 1905. Zametki o predmetakh vooruzheniya iz raskopok 1903 g. bliz s. Zhurovki, Kievskoy gubernii. Izvestiya Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii 14: 54–68. Leontiev, N.V., V.F. Kapelko and Yu.N. Esin 2006. Izvayaniya i stely okunevskoy kultury. Abakan: Khakassia Book Publishers. Lepetz, S. 2013. The sacrifice of horses in a Pazyryk culture kurgan: the princely tomb of Berel’ (Kazakhstan). Criteria for choice and slaughter procedure. Anthropozoologica 48/2 (Animals in Funerary Space, edited by R.-M. Arbogast and S. Lepetz): 309–22. Paris. Lerner, J. 1991. Some so-called Achaemenid Objects from Pazyryk. Source: Notes in the History of Art 10/4: 8–15. Lerner, J. 1996. Horizontal-Handled Mirrors: East and West. Metropolitan Museum Journal 31: 11–40. Lerner, J.A. and N. Sims-Williams (eds) 2011. Seals, Sealings and Tokens from Bactria to Gandhara (4th to 8th century CE) (Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 421). Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Leshnik, L.S. 1974. South Indian ‘Megalithic’ Burials: The Pandukal Complex. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner. Leskov, A.M. 1972. Novye sokrovishcha kurganov Ukrainy. Leningrad: Aurora. Letyagin, A.Yu., A.A. Savelov and N.V. Polosmak 2014. Vysokopol’naya magnitno-rezonansnaya tomografiya antropoarkheologicheskogo ob’yekta iz kurgana 1 mogil’nika Ak-Alakha-3 (Ukok): rezul’taty i interpretatsiya. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 60 (2014/4): 83–91. Leus, P. and S.V. Bel’skiy 2016. Terezin I – mogilnik vremen khunnu v tsentralnoy Tuve. Arkheologicheskie Vesti 22: 93–104. 722 Bibliography Levine, M. 2000. Osobennosti paleopatalogiy loshadey epokhi rannego zheleza, in A.P. Derevyenko and V.I. Molodin (eds) Fenomen altayskikh mumiy: 243–49. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Levine, M., G.N. Bailey, K.E. Whitwell and L.B. Jeffcott 2000. Paleopathology and Horse Domestication: the case of some Iron Age horses from the Altaï Moutains, Siberia, in G. Bailey, R. Charles and N. Winder (eds) Human Ecodynamics, Proceedings of the Association for Environmental Archaeology Conference 1998 held at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne: 123– 33. Oxford: Oxbow. Levine, M., Y. Rassamakin, A. Kislenko and N. Tatarintseva 1999. Late Prehistoric Exploitation of the Eurasian Steppe. Cambridge: McDonald Institute. Levinschi, A.N. 2005. Considerații asupra începuturilor de locuire a geților în silvostepa Moldovei (sec. VI î.e.n). Tyragetia 14: 63–70. Leypunskaya, N. 2007. Olbian–Scythian Trade: Exchange Issues in the Sixth to Fourth Centuries BC, in D. Braund and S. Kryzhitsky (eds) Classical Olbia and the Scythian World: From the Sixth Century BC to the Second Century AD: 121–34. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Li Fei, Li Shuicheng and Shui Tao 1993. Huluhe liuyu de gu wenhua yu gu huangjing [The ancient cultures and environment in the Hulu River Valley]. Kaogu 9: 822–42. Li Wenying 2012. Silk artistry of the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, in D. Kuhn (ed.) Chinese Silks: 115–67. New Haven / New York / Beijing: Yale University Press. Liaoning Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo and Chaoyang Shi Bowuguan 1997. Chaoyang Shi’ertai Xiang Zhuanchang 88M1 fajue jianbao [Excavation of a tomb (coded 88M1) in a Brickyard at Shiertai Township, Chaoyang]. Wenwu 11: 19–32. Librado, P., C. Gamba, C. Gaunitz, C. Der Sarkissian, M. Pruvost, A. Albrechtsen, A. Fages, N. Khan, M. Schubert, V. Jagannathan, A. Serres-Armero, L.F.K. Kuderna, I.S. Povolotskaya, A. Seguin-Orlando, S. Lepetz, M. Neuditschko, C. Thèves, S. Alquraishi, A.H. Alfarhan, K. Al-Rasheid, S. Rieder, Z. Samashev, H.-P. Francfort, N. Benecke, M. Hofreiter, A. Ludwig, C. Keyser, T. Marques-Bonet, B. Ludes, E. Crubézy, T. Leeb, E. Willerslev and L. Orlando 2017. Ancient genomic changes associated with domestication of the horse. Science 356: 442–45. Lieverse, A.R. 1999. Diet and the aetiology of dental calculus. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 9: 219–32. Lillie, M.C. 1996. Mesolithic and Neolithic populations of Ukraine: indications of diet from dental pathology. Current Anthropology 37: 135–42. Lindholm, C. 1986. Kinship Structure and Political Authority: The Middle East and Central Asia. Comparative Studies in Society and History 20: 334–55. Linduff, K.M. 2002a. Why have Siberian artifacts been excavated inside the ancient dynastic Chinese border?, in Yu. Piotrovsky (ed.) Stepi Evrazii v drevnosti i srednevekove. K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya M.P. Gryaznov: vol. I/2, 264–67. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum and Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Linduff, K.M. 2002b. At the eastern edge: metallurgy and adaptation in Gansu (PRC) in the 2nd millennium BC, in K. Jones-Bley and D.G. Zdanovich (eds) Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to 1st Millennium BC. Regional Specifics in Light of Global Models: 595–611. Washington D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man. Linduff, K.M. 2006. Why have Siberian artefacts been excavated within ancient Chinese dynastic borders? in D.L. Peterson, L.M. Popova and A.T. Smith (eds) Beyond the Steppe and the Sown. Proceedings of the 2002 University of Chicago Conference on Eurasian Archaeology (Colloquia Pontica 13): 358–70. Leiden and Boston: E.J. Brill. Linduff, K.M. 2010. 2010. Art, Death and the Interpretation of Mortuary Remains. Art, Ritual Ceremony, Religion: Material Culture and Spiritual Beliefs (Chinese) Ancient Art and Primitive Worship. Artistica: Research Journal of Arts and Humanities: 5–24 Linduff, K.M. and Mei Jianjun 2009. Metallurgy in ancient Eastern Asia: Retrospect and prospects. Journal of World Prehistory 22/3: 265–81. Linduff, K.M. and Mei Jianjun 2014. Metallurgy in Ancient Eastern Asia: Retrospect and Prospects, in B.W. Roberts and C. Thornton (eds) Archaeometallurgy in Global Perspective: 785–803. New York: Springer. Linduff, K.M. and Yang Jianhua 2012. Ritualization of Weapons in a Contact Zone: Between the past and the present, in C.W. Hartley and A.T. Smith (eds) The Archaeology of Power and Politics in Eurasia: Regimes and revolutions: 173 -87 Lipets, R.S. 1981. ‘Litso volka blagoslovenno …’ (Stadial’nye izmeneniya obraza volka v tyurkomongol’skom epose i genealogicheskikh skazaniyakh). Sovetskaya Etnografiya 1981/1: 121– 34. Littauer, M.A. and J.H. Crouwel 1979. Wheeled Vehicles and Ridden Animals in the Ancient Near East (Handbuch der Orientalisk 7.1.2.B.1). Leiden: E.J. Brill. Litvinsky, B.A. 1966. Slozhnosostavnoy luk v drevney Sredney Azii (k probleme evolyutsii luka na Vostoke). Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1966/4: 51–69. Litvinsky, B.A. 1972. O semantike dvukh izobrazitelnykh motivov pamirskogo ‘zverinogo stilya’, in Tezisy dokladov III Vsesoyuznoy konferentsii po voprosam skifosarmatskoy arkheologii: 144–48. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Soviet Academy of Sciences. Litvinsky, B.A. 2001. The Bactrian Ivory Plate with a Hunting Scene from the Temple of Oxus. Silk Road Art and Archaeology 7: 137–65. Litvinsky, B.A. and V.S. Soloviev 1985. Kafyrkala. Frühmittelalterliche Stadt im Vachš-Tal, Süd-Tadžikistan 723 Bibliography (Materialien zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie 28). Munich: C.H. Beck. Liu Dezhen and Xu Junchen 1988. Gansu Qingyang Chunqiu Zhanguo muzang de qingli [Excavation of a tomb from the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods in Qingyang Gansu Province]. Kaogu 5: 413–24. Liu Han 1959. Beichao de kaima qiyong [Funerary statuettes of the Northern dynasties – horsemen and horses in armour]. Kaogu 2: 97–100. Liu Huaijun and Yan Huichan 2003. Shaanxi Mei Xian Qin Han Chengshangong yizhi de xin faxian [The newly discovered site of Chengshan Palace of the Qin and Han dynasties at Mei County, Shaanxi]. Wenbo 1: 3–7, 58. Liu, S., Q.H. Li, F. Gan, P. Zhang and J.W. Lankton 2012. Silk Road glass in Xinjiang, China: chemical compositional analysis and interpretation using a high-resolution portable XRF spectrometer. Journal of Archaeological Science 39: 2128–42. Liu Yunghua 2002. Zhongguo gudai cheyu maju [Ancient Chinese chariots and equestrian equipment]. Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe. Liu Yuyang and Wang Hui 2017. Xian Qin shiqi xibei youmu diqu dongwu maizang xisu – cong maizang touti de xianxiang tanqi [Animal sacrifices in the northwestern region during the pre-Qin period: Beginning with the phenomenon of buried heads and hooves]. Kaogu yu wenwu 1: 62–69. Liu Xinru. 2010. The Silk Road in World History. New York: Oxford University Press. Livshits, V.A. 2003. Three Silver Bowls from the Isakovka Burial Ground N°1 with Khwarezmian and Parthian Inscriptions. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 9/1–2: 147–72. Llewellyn-Jones, L. 2013. King and Court in Ancient Persia 559–331 BCE. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Llewellyn-Jones, L. 2015. ‘That My Body is Strong’: the Physique and Appearance of the Achaemenid Monarch’, in F. Wascheck and A. Shapiro (eds) Fluide Körper-Bodies in Transition: 211–48. Cologne: Wilhelm Fink. Loehr, M. 1949. Ordos daggers and knives. New material, classification and chronology. First part: daggers. Artibus Asiae 12/1–2: 23–83. Lokhov, K.I., N.G. Berezhnaya, D.I. Matukov, N.A. Bokovenko, G.I. Zaytseva, K.V. Chugunov and E.M. Skott 2007. Izotopnyy sostav strontsiya v kostyakh iz drevnikh zakhoroneniy Sayano-Altaya kak indikator mesta prozhivaniya i migratsii, in G.I. Zaytseva and M.A. Kulkova (eds) Radiouglerod v arkheologicheskikh i paleoekologicheskikh: 263–73. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Lombard, P. and N. Basmati-Fatah 2012. Tilos. Puteshestvie v zagrobnyi mir. Ritualy i pogrebalnye traditsii v Bahraine v I v. do n.e. – III vv. n.e. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Losev, A.F. 1976. Problema simvola i realisticheskoye iskusstvo. Moscow: ‘Artiya’. Losty, J. and M. Roy 2012. Mughal India. Art, Culture and Empire. London: British Library. Lubo-Lesnichenko, E.I. 1961. Drevniye kitayskiye shyolkovye tkany i vyshivki V v. do n.e. — III v. n.e. v sobranii gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. Katalog. Leningrad: State Hermitage Museum. Lubo-Lesnichenko, E.I. 1994. Kitay na Shyolkovom puti (Shyolk i vneshniye svyazi drevnego i rannesrednevekovogo Kitaya). Moscow: ‘Oriental Literature’, Russian Academy of Sciences. Lubotsky, A. 1998. Avestan xᵛarənah: the etymology and concept, in W. Meid (ed.) Sprache und Kultur. Akten der X. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, Innsbruck, 22–28 September 1996 (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 93): 479–88. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck. Luczanits, C., ed. 2008. Gandhara. The Buddhist Heritage of Pakistan. Legends, Monasteries, and Paradise. Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany, Bonn (21 November 2008–15 March 2009), the Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin (9 April–10 August 2009) and the Rietberg Museum, Zürich (6 September 2009–3 January 2010). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Lüders, H. 1961. Mathurā Inscriptions: unpublished papers (edited by K.L. Janert). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht. Ludwig, A., M. Pruvost, M. Reissmann, N. Benecke, G.A. Brockmann, P. Castaños, M. Cieslak, S. Lippold, L. Llorente, A-S. Malaspinas, M. Slatkin and M. Hofreiter 2009. Coat Color Variation at the Beginning of Horse Domestication. Science 324 (5926): 485. Luke, B. 2017. Steppe right up for this golden show. Evening Standard 14th September: 44–45. Lukpanova, Ya. 2008. Zverinyy stil na predmetakh konskogo snaryazheniya mogilnika Kyryk-oba II. Voprosy istorii i arkheologii Zapadnogo Kazakhstana 8: 245–53. Lukpanova, Ya. 2014a. Komplekty konskogo snaryazheniya kurgana № 6 kompleksa Taksay 1 (predvaritel’nyy obzor), in A. Ongar (ed.) Vsadniki Velikoy stepi: traditsii i novatsii: 149–60. Astana: Filial of the Institute of Archaeology named after A.H. Margulan Press. Lukpanova, Ya. 2014b. Kostyum zhenshchiny sarmatskoy epokhi: opyt rekonstruktsii, in M.K. Khabdulina (ed.) Dialog kultur Evrazii v arkheologii Kazakhstana. Sbornik nauchnykh statey, posvyashchennyy 90-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya K.A. Akisheva: 430–40. Astana: Saryarka. Lukpanova, Ya. 2015. Znakovvaja funkcija predmetov s zoomorfnymi izobrazhenijami iz kurgana n°6 kompleksa Taksaj-1 (Stepnoe Priural’e), in A.Z. Beisenov (ed.) Sakskaya kultura Saryarki v kontekste izucheniya etnosotsiokulturnyh protsessov Stepnoy Evrazii: 154–59. Almaty: Begazi-Tasmola. 724 Bibliography Lukpanova, Ya. 2017. Rekonstruktsiya zhenskogo kostyuma iz elitnogo pogrebeniya Taksay-1: vzglyad arkheologa. Volga archaeology 1 (19): 145–56. Lukpanova, Ya. 2018. Kompleks ritualnyh predmetov iz elitnogo zhenskogo zahoroneniya v Zapadnom Kazakhstane. Samara Journal of Science 7/4 (25): 228– 32. Lukyashko, S.I. 2000. K rekonstruktsii sobytiy konca IV – nachala III v. do n.e. na Nizhnem Donu, in Skify i sarmaty v VII–III vv. do n.je. Paleoyekologiya, antropologiya i arkheologiya: 167–80. Moscow: OOO ‘Staryj sad’. Luneau, É. 2017. Transfers and interactions between north and south in Central Asia during the Bronze Age, in E. Allinger, F. Grenet, C. Jahoda, M.-K. Lang and A. Vergati (eds) Interaction in the Himalayas and Central Asia. Processes of transfer, translation and transformation in art, archaeology, religion and polity. Proceedings of the Third International SEECHAC Colloquium, 25–27 November 2013, Austrian Academy of Sciences (Denkschriften der PhilosophischHistorischen Klasse Ser. 495): 13–27. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Luoyang Shi Di’er Wenwu Gongzuodui 2000. Luoyang Chundulu xi Jin mu fajue jianbao [Excavation of a Jin Dynasty Tomb in Luoyang]. Wenwu 10: 26–34. Luschey, H. 2002. Rechts und Links. Untersuchungen über Bewegungsrichtung, Seitenordnung und Höhenordnung als Elemente der antiken Bildsprache. Tübingen: Wasmuth. Luther, A. 1997. Die syrische Chronik des Josua Stylites. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Lyonnet, B. 1991. Les nomades et la chute du royaume gréco-bactrien. Quelques nouveaux indices en provenance de l’Asie centrale orientale. Vers l’identification des Tokhares-Yueh-chi?, in P. Bernard and F. Grenet (eds) Historie et cultes de l’Asie centrale pré-islamique. Sources écrites et documents archéologiques. Actes du Colloque international du CNRS (Paris, 22–28 novembre 1988): 153–61, pls 61–63. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Lyonnet, B. 2013. La céramique de la maison du quartier sud-ouest d’Aï Khanoum, in G. Lecuyot (ed.) Fouilles d’Aï Khanoum IX, L’habitat (Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan 34): 179– 91, figs 82–122, pls XLIV–LI. Paris: de Boccard. McAlister, W.H. and T.E. Herman 1995. Osteochondrodysplasias, dysostoses, chromosomal aberrations, mucopolysaccharidoses, and mucolipidoses, in D. Resnick (ed.) Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders: vol. 6, 4163–244. London: W.B. Saunders (third edition). McCall, H. 2018. Assyrian Revival, in G. Brereton (ed.) I am Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria: 300– 11. London: Thames and Hudson. Macaulay, G.C. 1890. The History of Herodotus. English translation by G.C. Macaulay. London and New York: Macmillan. Machinsky, D.A. 1997. Unikalny sacralny tsentr III – serediny I tys. do n.e. v Khakassko-Minusinskoy kotlovina, in D.G. Savinov and M.L. Podolsky (eds) Okunevsky sbornik. Kultura. Iskusstvo. Antropologiya: 265–87. St. Petersburg: Petro Rif. Mackay, D. 1937. Bead Making in Ancient Sind. Journal of the American Oriental Society 57/1: 1–15. Mackay, D. 1944. Beads from Taxila. Antiquity 18/72 (December): 201–204. Mackay, E. 1929. A Sumerian Palace and the ‘A’ Cemetery at Kish, Mesopotamia, Part II (Anthropology Memoirs vol. I/2). Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. Mackay, E. 1931. Further links between Ancient Sind, Sumer and elsewhere. Antiquity 5/4 (December): 459–73. Mackay, E. 1933. India: technology, decorated carnelian beads. Man 33/150 (September): 143–46. Mackay, E. 1934. Further Excavations at Mohenjodaro. London: G. Bell and Sons (two volumes). Mackay, E. 1943. Chanhu-daro Excavations 1935–36 (American Oriental Series 20). New Haven: American Oriental Society. MacKay, J. 2016. The Nomadic Other. Ontological Security and the Inner Asian Steppe in historical East Asian international politics. Review of International Studies 42/3: 471–91. MacKay, J., J. Levin, G. de Carvalho, K. Cavoukian and R. Cuthbert 2014. Before and After Borders. The Nomadic Challenge to Sovereign Territoriality. International Politics 51/1: 101–23. MacKie, L.W. 2015. Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands. New Haven: Yale University Press. Maenchen-Helfen, O.J. 1973. The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture. ed. by Max Knight, Berkeley: University of California Press. Magee, P. 2015. When was the dromedary domesticated in the ancient Near East? Zeitschrift für OrientArchaeology 8: 252–77. Maggi, M. 2009. Khotanese literature, in R.E. Emmerick and M. Macuch (eds) The Literature of Pre-Islamic Iran. Companion Volume I to a History of Persian Literature: 330–417. London: I.B. Tauris. Mahmoud Hussein, M. 2016. Nimrud. The Queens’ Tombs. Baghdad and Chicago: Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage and The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. Mair, V.H. and P.O. Skjærvø 1992. Chinese Turkestan, ii: in pre-Islamic times, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 5: 463–69. Costa Mesa: Mazda. Maitlan, M. 2017. Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia. Kensington, Chelsea and Westminster Today (October): 38. Majumdar, N.G. 1934. Explorations in Sind. Being a report of the exploratory survey carried out during the years 1927–28, 1929–30 and 1930–31 (Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India 48). Delhi: Manager of Publications [sic]. 725 Bibliography Makhortykh, S.V. 1987. Novye dannye o skifokavkazskikh kontaktakh, in E.V. Chernenko (ed.) Skify Severnogo Prichernomorya: 53–62. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Makhortykh, S.V. 2013. Pogrebal’nyye sooruzheniya i obryad Kurgannyy nekropol’ Bel’skogo gorodishcha. Stratum plus 2013/3: 223–56. Makhortykh, S. and R. Rolle 2011. Voinskie pogrebeniya na nekropolyah Belskogo gorodischa, in V.I. Molodin and S. Hansen (eds) ‘Terra Scythica’. Materialy mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma ‘Terra Scythica’ (17–23 avgusta 2011 g., Denisova peshchera, Gornyj Altaj): 149–54. Novosirbirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Malandra, W.W. 1983. An Introduction to Ancient Iranian Religion. Readings from the Avesta and Achaemenid Inscriptions. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Malcolm, R. 1976. Method and importance of obtaining humic and fulvic acids of high purity. Journal of Research of the United States Geological Survey 4/1: 37–40. Mallory, J.P. and D.Q. Adams 2006. The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mallory, J.P. and V.H. Mair 2008. The Tarim Mummies: ancient China and the mystery of the earliest peoples from the West. London: Thames and Hudson (new edition). Mallowan, M.E.L. 1966. Nimrud and its Remains. London: Collins (two volumes). Manassero, N. 2013. Tamgas, a Code of the Steppes. Identity Marks and Writing among the Ancient Iranians. The Silk Road 11: 60–69. Mandelshtam, A.M. 1966. Kochevniki na puti v India (Materialy i Issledovaniya po Arkheologii SSSR [MIA] 136 = Trudy Tadjikskoi Arkheologicheskoi Ekspeditsii Instituta Arkheologii an SSSR i Instituta Istorii im. A. Donisha an Tadjikskoi SSR 5). Moscow: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Mandelshtam, A.M. 1983. Issledovaniye na mogilnom polye Aymyrlyg: nekotoriye itovi i perspektii, in V.M. Masson (ed.) Drevniye Kulturi Euraziiskih Stepei (po materialam arkheologicheskih rabot na novostroykah): 25–33. Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Mandelshtam, A.M. 1992. Ranniye kochevniki Skifskova perioda na territorii Tuvi, in M.G. Moshkova (ed.) Stepnaya Polosa Aziatskoi Chasti SSSR v SkifoSarmatskoye Vremya (Archeologiya SSSR): 178–96. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Măndescu, D. 2010. Cronologia perioadei timpurii a celei de-a doua epoci a fierului (sec. V-III a.Chr.) între Carpați, Nistru și Balcani. Brăila: Istros. Mannai-Ool, M.H. 1970. Tuva v Skifskoye Vremya (Uyukskaya Kultura). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Mantsevich, A.P. 1958. Golovka byka iz kurgana VI v. do n.e. na r. Kalitve. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1958/2: 196–202. Manz, B.F. 1999. The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Marazov, I., D.V. Zhuravlev and K.B. Firsov (eds) 2013. Frakijskoe zoloto iz Bolgarii. Ozhivshie legendy. Moscow: ‘Kuchkovo Polye’. Marchenko, I.I. 1996. Sirak Kubani (po materialam kurgannyh pogrebeniy nizhney Kubani). Krasnodar: Kuban University. Marchenko, K. and Y. Vinogradov 1989. The Scythian period in the northern Black Sea region (750–250 BC). Antiquity 63: 803–13. Marchenko, K.K., V.G. Zhitnikov and V.P. Kopylov 2000. Elizavetovskoe gorodishche na Donu. Moscow: Paleograph. Marsadolov, L.S. 1989a. Kurgan Arzhan. Khronologiya, altayskiye i evropeyskiye analogii, in Yu.G. Vinogradov (ed.) Problemy skifo-sarmatskoy arkheologii severnogo Prichernomorya. Tezisy dokladov oblastnoy konferentsii k 90-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora B.N. Grakova: 81–82. Zaporozhye: Zaporozhye State University Press. Marsadolov, L.S. 1989b. K voprosu o semantike kurgana Arzhan, in V.N. Dobzhansky (ed.) Problemy arkheologii skifo-sibirskogo mira (sotsialnaya structura i obshchestvennye otnosheniya) Tezisy Vsesoyuznoy arkheologicheskoy konferentsii: Part 2, 33–35. Kemerovo: Kemerovo State University Press. Marsadolov, L.S. 1994. Early Bronze Age Art of Southern Siberia, in M.B. Piotrovsky (ed.) Great Art Treasures of the Hermitage Museum. St. Petersburg: vol. 1, 54–57. London and New York: Harry N. Abrams. Marsadolov, L.S. 2000. New Semantics of the Arzhan Barrow, in anon. (ed.) 6th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists. Final Programme and Abstracts: 82–83. Lisbon: European Association of Archaeologists Publications. Marsadolov, L.S. 2005. ‘Olennye’ kamni iz posyolka Arzhan v Tsentre Azii, in V.I. Guliaev (ed.) Drevnosti Evrazii: ot ranney bronzy do rannego srednevekovya. Pamyati V.S. Olkhovskogo. Sbornik statey: 301–11. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Marsadolov, L.S. 2007. Otchet ob issledovanii drevnikh svyatilishch Altaya v 2003–2005 godakh, in M.B. Piotrovsky (ed.) Materialy Sayano-Altayskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha: 278. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Marsadolov, L.S. 2009. Kurgan Arzhan-1 v Tsentre Azii (geopolitichesky i astronomichesky aspekty), in V. Chigzhit (ed.) Naslediye narodov Tsentralnoy Azii i sopredelnykh territoriy: izucheniye, sokhraneniye i ispolzovaniye. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoprakticheskoy conferentsii: part I, 59–63. Kyzyl: Anyyak. 726 Bibliography Marsadolov, L.S. 2010. Bolshoy Salbyksky kurgan v Khakasii. Abakan: Khakasia Press. Marsadolov, L.S. 2012. Drevnyaya Mongoliya na Velikom Stepnom Puti Evrazii v IX–VII vekakh do n.e., in D. Tumen (ed.) Drevniye kultury Mongolii i Baykalskoy Sibiri. Vyp. 3. Materialy III Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii: vol. I, 203–12. Ulan Bator: Mongolia State University Press. Marsadolov, L.S. 2014. 1200-letnyaya periodichnost poyavleniya ‘voln’ kamennykh izvayaniy v Yuzhnoy Sibiri i sovremmenye problemy ikh izucheniya, in A.A. Tishkin (ed.) Drevniye i srednevekovye izvayaniya Tsentralnoy Azii. Sbornik statey: 68–75. Barnaul: Altai State University Press. Marsadolov, L.S. 2015. Arkheologicheskaya data bolshogo Berelskogo kurgana (k 150-letiyu nachala issledovaniya), in A.B. Kalysh (ed.) Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii ‘VIІ Orazbaevskie chteniya’: 55–60. Almaty: Kazakh University Press. Marsadolov, L.S. 2017. The ‘Deer’ Stone, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 82–83. London: Thames and Hudson. Marsadolov, L.S. and N.V. Tsarev 2000. Tkani iz kurgana Arzhan v Tsentre Azii, in V.I. Matiushchenko (ed.) Pyatye istoricheskie chteniya pamyati M.P. Gryaznov: 72–75. Omsk: Omsk State University Press. Marsadolov, L.S., G.I. Zaitseva and L.M. Lebedeva 1994. Korrelyatsiya dendrokhronologicheskikh i radiouglerodnykh opredeleniy dlya bolshikh kurganov Sayano-Altaya, in A.Iu. Alekseev, N.A. Bokovenko, L.S. Marsadolov and V.A. Sevenov (eds) Elitnye kurgany stepey Evrazii v skifo-sarmatskuyu epokhu. Materialy zasedaniy ‘kruglovo stola’. 22–24 dekabrya 1994 goda: 141–56. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Marsadolov, L.S., E.A. Mikolaychuk, L.S. Gavrilenko and S.V. Pankova 2017. Novye issledovaniya tkaney iz kurgana Arzhan-1 v Tuve. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 19/3: 119–49. Barnaul: Altai State University Press. Marshak, B.I. 1986. Silberschätze des Orients. Metallkunst des 3.–13. Jahrhunderts und ihre Kontinuität. Leipzig: Seemann (translated from the Russian by L. Schirmer). Marshak, B.I. and J.K. Krikis 1969. Čilekskie čaši. Trudy gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 7: 55–80. Marshall, F.H. 1911. Catalogue of the Jewellery, Greek, Etruscan and Roman in the departments of Antiquities, British Museum. London: The British Museum. Marshall, Sir John 1951. Taxila. An illustrated account of archaeological excavations carried out at Taxila under the orders of the Government of India between the years 1913 and 1934. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (three volumes). Martynov, A.I. 1984. O mirovozzrencheskoy i ideynoy osnovakh iskusstva skifo-sibirskogo mira, in A.I. Martynov (ed.) Skifo-sibirskiy mir (iskusstvo i ideologiya): 3–7. Kemerovo: Russian Academy of Sciences. Marx, E. 1967. Bedouin of the Negev. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Maslennikov, A.A. 1998. Ellinskaya khora na krayu Ojkumeny. Selskaya territoriya evropeyskogo Bospora v antichnuyu epokhu. Moscow: ‘Indrik’. Maslov, V.E. 2012. K probleme khronologii drevnostey kelermesskogo gorizonta. Rossiysky arkheologichesky ezhegodnik 2: 342–59. St. Petersburg: University Press. Masson, V.M. 1988. Scythians and their culture, in B. Piotrovsky and G. Bongard-Levin (eds) Ancient Civilisations of East and West: 102–12. Moscow: Progress Publishers (translated by S. Syrovatkin). Masson, V. and T. Taylor 1989. Soviet Archaeology in the Steppe Zone. Introduction. Antiquity 63/241: 779– 83. Mauss, M. 2002. The Gift. The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. London and New York: W.W. Norton and Co. (translated by W.D. Halls). Maximenkov, G.A. 1980. Mogilnik Chernovaya VIII – etalonny pamyatnik okunevskoy kultury, in M.P. Gryaznov, E.B. Vadetskaya, N.V. Leontiev and G.A. Maximenkov (eds) Pamyatniki okunevskoy kultury: 3–26. Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Maxwell-Hyslop, K.P. 1971. Western Asiatic Jewellery c. 3000–612 B.C. London: Methuen. Mead, S.M. 1952. Taniko weaving (how to make Maori belts and other useful articles). Wellington: Write and Carman Ltd. Medvedskaya, I.N. 1992. Periodizatsiya skifskoy arkhaiki i Drevny Vostok. Rossiyskaya Arkheologiya 1992/3: 86–107. Meeks, N. and M.S. Tite 1980. The analysis of platinum group element inclusions in gold antiquities. Journal of Archaeological Science 7: 267–75. Meeks, N., A. Mongiatti and J. Joy 2014. Precious metal torcs from the Iron Age Snettisham Treasure: metallurgy and analysis, in E. Pernicka and R. Schwab (eds) Under the Volcano. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Metallurgy of the European Iron Age (SMEIA) held in Mannheim, Germany, 20–22 September 2010: 135–56. Rahden: Marie Leidorf. Meletinsky, Ye.M. (ed.) 1990. Mifologicheskiy slovar. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopaedia. Melikian-Chirvani, A.S. 1998 [2001]. Rostam and Herakles, a family resemblance. Bulletin of the Asia Institute 12 [Alexander’s Legacy in the East: studies in honor of Paul Bernard]: 171–99. Melyukova, A.I. 1962. Skifskie kurgany Tiraspolschiny (po materialam I.Ya. i L.P. Stempkovskih) (Materialy i Issledovaniya po Arkheologii SSSR = MIA 115). Moscow and Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Melyukova, A.I. 1964. Vooruzhenie skifov. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. 727 Bibliography Melyukova, A.I. 1969. K voprosu o granitse mezhdu skifami i getami, in T.D. Zlatkovskaya and A.I. Melyukova (eds) Drevniye frakiytsy v Severnom Prichernomorye (Materialy i Issledovaniya po Arkheologii SSSR = MIA) 150: 61–80. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Melyukova, A.I. 1979. Skifiya i frakiyskiy mir. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Melyukova, A.I. 1981. Krasnokutskiy kurgan. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Melyukova, A.I. 1989a. Skifskoe iskusstvo zverinogo stilya, in B.A. Rybakov (ed.) Stepi Evropeyskoy chasti SSSR v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya (Arkheologiya SSSR): 100–104. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Melyukova, A.I. 1989b. Skifskie pamyatniki stepi severnogo Prichernomorya, in A.I. Melyukova (ed.) Stepi evropeiskoi chasti SSSR v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya: 51–67. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Melyukova, A.I. 1995. Scythians of southeastern Europe, in J. Davis-Kimball, V. Bashilov and L. Yablonsky (eds) Nomads of the Eurasian steppes in the early Iron Age: 27–62. Berkeley: Zinat Press. Melzer, G. (with L. Sander) 2006. A Copper Scroll Inscription from the Time of the Alchon Huns, in Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection. Buddhist Manuscripts III: 251–78. Oslo: Hermes. Menshikova, M.L. 2011. Polikhromnaya tkan iz Noin-Uly s kompozitsiey so skalami, gribami i ptitsami. Vozmozhnaya interpretatsiya. Soobshcheniya gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 69: 15–35. Merpert, N.Ya. 1948. Akinak s kogtevidnym navershiem. Kratkiye soobshcheniya Instituta Arkheologii 22: 74– 79. Merrillees, P.H. 2005. Pre-Achaemenid and Achaemenid Periods (Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum, Cylinder Seals VI). London: The British Museum. Meyer, C. 2013. Greco-Scythian art and the birth of Eurasia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Michaelson, C. 2004. Jade and the silk road: trade and tribute in the first millennium, in S. Whitfield and U. Sims-Williams (eds) The Silk Road: trade, travel, war and faith: 43–49. London: The British Library. Michel, A. 2014. Skin deep: an outline of the structure of different skins and how it influences behaviour in use, in S. Harris and A.J. Veldmeijer (eds) Why Leather? The material and cultural dimensions of leather: 23–40. Leiden: Sidestone. Michel, S. 1995. Der Fisch in der skytischen Kunst. Zur Deutung skytischer Bildinhalte. Frankfurt: Europäische Hochschulschriften Archäologie. Miklashevich, E.A. 2004. ‘Plemya edinoroga’ na Enisee (syanbeyskiye motivy v naskalnom iskusstve Minusinskoy kotloviny), in D.G. Savinov (ed.) Izobrazitelniye pamyatniki: stil, epokha, kompozitsii. Materialy tematicheskoy nauchnoy konferentsii: 320–25. St. Petersburg: St Petersburg State University. Miklashevich, E.A. 2008. Rock Art Research in Siberia and Central Asia 2000–2004, in P. Bahn (ed.) Rock Art Studies: News of the World III: 138–78. Oxford: Oxbow. Miklashevich, E.A. 2015. Kompleks pamyatnikov naskal’nogo iskusstva Oglahty: informatsionnyj potentsial i perspektivy issledovanija. Sajano-Altayskoe nauchnoe obozrenie. Arkheologiya 1 (9): 54–77. Miklashevich, E.A. 2016. Pamyatniki naskal’nogo iskusstva Oglahtinskogo hrebta: perspektivy nominirovanija v Spisok vsemirnogo nasledija UNESCO, in Arkheologicheskoe nasledie Sibiri i Tsentralnoy Azii (problemy interpretatsii i sohranenija): 268–73. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat. Miklashevich, E.A. 2017. Novye materialy po naskalnomu iskusstvu skifskogo vremeni v gorah Oglakhty (Khakasiya). Kratkie soobshhenija instituta arkheologii 248: 185–97. Miklashevich, E.A. and Yu.I. Ozheredov 2008. Fotografii sibirskih pisanits v nasledii A.V. Adrianova, in anon. (ed.) Tropoyu tysyacheletiy. K jubileju M.A. Devlet (Trudy Sibirskoy Assotsiatsii issledovatelei pervobytnogo iskusstva): vol. IV, 156–87. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat. Miller, A.A. 1910. Raskopki v rayone drevnego Tanaisa. Izvestiya Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii 35: 86–130. Miller, A.A. 1925. Novyi istochnik k izucheniyu svyazi Skifii s Kavkazom. Izvestiya Rossiyskoy akademii istorii materialnoy kultury 4: 96–114. Miller, B.K. 2012. Vehicles of the Steppe Elite: Chariots and Carts in Xiongnu Tombs. The Silk Road 10: 29– 38. Miller, A.A. 2014. Xiongnu ‘Kings’ and the Political Order of the Steppe Empire. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 57/1: 1–43. Miller, B.K., J. Bayarsaikhan, P.B. Konovalov, T. Egiimaa, J. Logan and M. Machicek 2009. Xiongnu constituents of the high mountains. Results of the Mongol– American Khovd archaeology project, 2008. The Silk Road 7: 8–20. Miller, M.C. 1997. Athens and Persia in the fifth century BC. A study in cultural receptivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Minardi, M. 2015. Ancient Chorasmia: a polity between the semi-nomadic and sedentary cultural areas of Central Asia: cultural interactions and local developments from the sixth century BC to the first century AD. Leuven: Peeters. Minasyan, R.S. 1986. Litye bronzovykh kotlov u narodov stepey Evrazii. Arkheologichesky Sbornik gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 27: 61–78. Minasyan, R.S. 2004. Sekrety skifskih yuvelirov, in O.A. Fedoseenko (ed.) Arzhan. Istochnik v Doline Tsarej. Arkheologicheskie otkrytiya v Tuve: 40–45. St. Petersburg: Slavia. Minasyan, R.S. 2010. Matritsa-’former’. Arkheologichesky sbornik gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 38: 180–95. 728 Bibliography Minasyan, R.S. 2014. Metalloobrabotka v drevnosti i srednevekovye (vol. 1). St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Minasyan, R.S. 2017. Gold plaques from the Siberian Collection of Peter the Great: manufacturing techniques, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 68–69. London: Thames and Hudson. Minasyan, R.S. in press. Metalloobrabotka v drevnosti i srednevekovye (vol. 2). St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Minasyan, R.S. and E.A. Shablavina 2009. O roli tekhnicheskoy terminologii v arkheologicheskoy literature, in A.G. Furasyev (ed.) Gunny, goty i sarmaty mezhdu Volgoy i Dunayem: 236–61. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press. Ming, W. 2010. Imperial Chinese Robes. London: Batford Victoria and Albert Museum. Minns, E.H. 1913. Scythians and Greeks. A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Minyaev, S.S. 2009. Elitny kompleks syunnuskikh zakhoreneniy v padi Tsaram (Zabaikalye). Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 38 (2009/2): 49–58. Minyaev, S.S. and E.V. Stepanova in press. Drevneyshiye sedla s lukami. Arkheologicheskie vesti. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Minzhulin, O.I. 1991. Rekonstruktsiya zakhysnoho ozbroyennya skifsʹkoho voyina z Hladkovshchyny. Zoloto stepu, in P.P. Tolochko and V.Yu. Murzin (eds) Zoloto stepu. Arkheolohiya Ukrayiny: 137–43. Kiev: Shlesvig. Miyazaki, Ichisada (宮崎市定) 1977/78. 中国史 Chūgoku-shi. Tokyo: Iwanami (two volumes: second edition, 1993). Mogilnikov, V.A. 1992. Sargatskaya kultura, in M.G. Moshkova (ed.) Stepi Aziatskoy chasti SSSR v skifosarmatskoe vremia (Arkheologiya SSSR) 10: 292–311. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Mogilov, О.D. 2008. Sporyadzhennya konya skifskoy dobi u lesostepu Shidnoy Evropy. Кiev and KamenetsPodolsky: Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Molodin, V.I. and S. Hansen (eds) 2011. ‘Terra Scythica’. Materialy mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma ‘Terra Scythica’ (17–23 avgusta 2011 g., Denisova peshchera, Gorny Altay). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Molodin, V.I. and A.V. Epimakhov (eds) 2014. Arii stepey Evrazii: epoha bronzy i rannego zheleza v stepyah Evrazii i na sopredelnyh territoriyah. Barnaul: Altai State University Press. Molodin, V.I., H. Parzinger and D. Tseveendorzh 2012. Zamerzshiye pogrebalnyye kompleksy pazyrykskoy kultury na yuzhnykh sklonakh Saylyugema (Mongolskiy Altay). Moscow: Triumph Press. Molodin, V.I., L.A. Prasolova, M.A. Potapov, V.I. Evsikov, H. Parzinger and D. Tseveendorzh 2009. Species Attribution of Hair of the Pazyryk Fur Coat from the Olon-Kurin-Gol-10 Burial Ground, Mongolia (Based on Morphometric Analysis). Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 37 (2009/2): 59–66. Momigliano, A.D. 1994. M.I. Rostovtzeff, in G.W. Bowersock and T.J. Cornell (eds) Studies on Modern Scholarship: 32–43. Berkeley: University of California Press. Monakhov, S.Yu. 1989. Amfory Khersonesa Tavricheskogo IV–II vv. do n.e. Saratov: University Publishing House. Monakhov, S.Yu. 1993. K khronologii Aleksandropolskogo kurgana, in Vtoraya Kubanskaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya. Tezisy dokladov: 68–70. Krasnodar. Monakhov, S.Yu. 1999. Grecheskiye amfory v Prichernomorye. Kompleksy keramicheskoy tary VII–II vv. do n.e.. Saratov: University Publishing House. Monakhov, S.Yu. 2002. ‘Pozdnie’ serii gerakleyskih amfor (kontsa IV – pervoy treti III vv. do n.e.). Antichnyy mir i arkheologiya 11: 167–77. Monakhov, S.Yu. 2003. Grecheskiye amfory v Prichernomorye. Tipologiya amfor vedushchikh tsentrov– eksporterov tovarov v keramicheskoy tare. Katalog– opredelitel. Moscow and Saratov: ‘Kimmerida’ and Saratov: University Publishing House. Monakhov, S.Yu. 2006. O khronologii sarmatskogo pogrebeniya s gerakleyskoy amforoy iz Bashkirii. Liber Archaeologicae: 89–93. Krasnodar and Rostovon-Don: Izdatelstvo YUNTs RAN. Monakhov, S.Yu. 2013. Amfory Akanfa. Novye nahodki i zametki o specifike amfornogo proizvodstva v polis, in I.I. Marchenko (ed.) Shestaya mezhdunarodnaya Kubanskaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya. Materialy konferentsii: 294–300. Krasnodar: Ekoinvest. Monakhov, S.Yu. 2014. Kosskie i psevdokosskie amfory i kleyma. Stratum plus 2014/3: 195–222. Monakhov, S.Yu. 2016. Esche raz o gerakleyskih amforah s kleymami ‘mnogostradalnogo’ fabrikanta Etima. Stratum plus 2016/6: 357–70. Monakhov, S.Yu. and N.F. Fedoseyev 2013. Zametki po lokalizatsii keramicheskoy tary. III: Amfory Ikosa. Antichnyy mir i arkheologiya 16: 255–66. Monakhov, S.Yu. and E.V. Kuznetsova 2009. Ob odnoy serii amfor neustanovlennogo doriyskogo tsentra IV veka do n.e. (byvshiye ‘bosporskiye’ ili ‘rannekhersonesskiye’), in V.P. Kopylov (ed.) Sbornik materialov XII mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii ‘Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya v basseyne Chernogo morya v drevnosti i sredniye veka’: 148–61. Rostov–on– Don: Media-Polis. Mongiatti, A. 2017. Scythian-style artefacts from the Oxus Treasure: manufacture and decoration, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 311–13, cats 225–31. London: Thames and Hudson. 729 Bibliography Mongiatti, A. 2018. Scythian gold under the microscope. InFocus Magazine 50: 4–19. Mongiatti, A., N. Meeks and St J. Simpson 2010. A gold four-horse model from the Oxus Treasure: a fine illustration of Achaemenid goldwork. The British Museum Technical Research Bulletin 4: 27–38. Moorey, P.R.S. 1980. Cemeteries of the First Millennium B.C. at Deve Hüyük, near Carchemish, salvaged by T.E. Lawrence and C.L. Woolley in 1913 (with a catalogue raisonné of the objects in Berlin, Cambridge, Liverpool, London and Oxford) (BAR International Series 87). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. Moorey, P.R.S. 1985. The Iranian Contribution to Achaemenid Material Culture. Iran 23: 21–37. Moradi, Z. 2015. Fish imagery in Iranian artwork. Iranian Society of Ichtyology 2/4: 244–61. Mordvintseva, V.I. 1996. O vtorichnom ispol’zovanii ahemenidskih bljud iz Prohorovskogo kurgana. Rossiyskaya Arkheologiya 1996/2: 155–59. Mordvintseva, V.I. 1999. A typology of the Sarmatian phalerae: 3rd century BC–2nd century AD. Acta Archaeologica 70: 137–47. Mordvintseva, V.I. 2001. Sarmatische Phaleren (Archäologie in Eurasien 11). Rahden: Marie Leidorf. Mordvintseva, V.I. 2003. Polyhromny zveriny stil. Simferopol: Universum. Mordvintseva, V.I. 2010. Tillya-tepe gold jewellery and its relations to the Sarmatian Animal Style of the Northern Black Sea. Anabasis Studia Classica et Orientalia 1: 175–207. Morgunova, N.L. and L.A. Kraeva 2012. Kurgannaya gruppa Akoba II, in N.L. Morgunova (ed.) Arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki Orenburzh’ya 10: 156– 99. Orenburg: OGPU Publishing House. Morgunova, N.L., A.A. Golieva, L.A. Kraeva, D.V. Meshcheryakov, M.A. Turetskiy, M.V. Khalyapin and O.S. Khokhlova 2003. Shumayevsky kurgan. Orenburg: Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Morris, G.B. 1978. Frozen tombs: the culture and art of the ancient tribes of Siberia. London: British Museum Publications. Moshkova, M.G. 1963. Pamyatniki Prokhorovskoy kultury. Svod arkheologicheskih istochnikov: 1–10. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Moshkova, M.G. 1974. Proishozhdenie rannesarmatskoy Prokhorovskoy kultury. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Moshkova, M.G. and M. Treister 2014. Steklannyj kubok so scenoy poednika gladiatorov iz kochevnicheskogo pogrebeniya mogilnika Lebedevka V (Zapadnij Kazakhstan). Rossiyskaya Arkheologiya 2014/2: 108– 19. Motuzaite-Matuzeviciute, G., S. Telizhenko and M.K. Jones 2012. Archaeobotanical investigation of two Scythian-Sarmatian period pits in eastern Ukraine: implications for floodplain cereal cultivation. Journal of Field Archaeology 37/1: 51–61. Mount, H. 2017. Warriors who drink their enemies’ blood. Daily Mail 14th September: 17, 21. Mozolevsky, B.N. 1979. Tovsta Mogyla. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Mozolevsky, B.N. and S.V. Polin (eds) 2005. Kurgany Skifskogo Gerrosa IV v. do n.e. (Babina, Bodyana i Soboleva mogily). Kiev: Stilos. Mukhopad, S.Ye. 1989. Skifskiye pogrebeniya rayona Solonyano-Tomakovskoy orositel’noy sistemy, in Problemy arkheologii Podneprovya: 72–84. Dnepropetrovsk: Dnepropetrovsk State University Press. Müller, H.-H. 1985. Frühgeschichtliche Pferdeskelettfunde im Gebiet der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (Beiträge zur Archäozoologie IV). Weimar: Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Thüringens. Müller-Karpe, H. 1961. Die Vollgriffschwerter der Urnenfelderzeit aus Bayern (Münchner Beiträge zur Vor und Frühgeschichte 6). Munich: C.H. Beck. Murphy, E.M. 1998. An Osteological and Palaeopathological study of the Scythian and Hunno-Sarmatian period Populations from the Cemetery Complex of Aymyrlyg, Tuva, South Siberia. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Queen’s University Belfast. Murphy, E.M. 2000a. Mummification and body processing – evidence from the Iron Age in Southern Siberia, in J. Davis-Kimball, E. Murphy, L. Koryakova and L. Yablonsky (eds) Kurgans, Ritual Sites, and Settlements: The Eurasian Bronze and Iron Age (BAR International Series 890): 279–92. Oxford: Archaeopress. Murphy, E.M. 2000b. Developmental defects and disability: the evidence from the Iron Age seminomadic peoples of Aymyrlyg, south Siberia, in J. Hubert (ed.) Madness, Disability and Social Exclusion (One World Archaeology 40): 60–80. London: Routledge. Murphy, E.M. 2003a. Iron Age Archaeology and Trauma from Aymyrlyg, South Siberia (BAR International Series 1152). Oxford: Archaeopress. Murphy, E.M. 2003b. Trepanations and perforated crania from Iron Age South Siberia: an exercise in differential diagnosis, in R. Arnott, S. Finger and C.U.M. Smith (eds) Trepanation: History, Discovery, Theory: 209–21. Lisse and Exton (PA): Swets and Zeitlinger. Murphy, E.M. 2004. Herodotus and the Amazons meet the Cyclops: philology, osteoarchaeology and the Eurasian Iron Age, in E. Sauer (ed.) Breaking Down Boundaries: The Archaeology – Ancient History Divide: 169–84. London: Routledge. Murphy, E.M. 2008. A biocultural study of children from Iron Age south Siberia, in K. Bacvarov (ed.) Babies Reborn: Infant/Child Burials in Pre- and Proto-history (BAR International Series 1832): 175–87. Oxford: Archaeopress. Murphy, E.M. 2012. A bioarchaeological study of Xiongnu expansion in Iron Age Tuva, South Siberia, in C.W. Hartley, G.B. Yazicioğlu and A.T. Smith (eds) The Archaeology of Power and Politics in 730 Bibliography Eurasian: Regimes and revolution: 240–61. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Murphy, E.M. and J. Davis-Kimball 2001. Weapon trauma on Bronze Age human skeletal remains from the Chowhougou cemeteries. Journal of Palaeopathology 13: 27–34. Murphy, E.M. and A. Khokhlov 2016. Biocultural analysis of the prehistoric populations of the Volga region, in D. Anthony, D. Brown, A. Khokhlov, P. Kuznetsov and O. Mochalov (eds) The Samara Valley Project: A Bronze Age Landscape in the Russian Steppes (Monumenta Archaeologica 37): 147–214. Los Angeles: UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. Murphy, E.M. and J.P. Mallory 2000. Herodotus and the cannibals. Antiquity 74: 388–94. Murphy, E.M., U.M. Donnelly and G.E. Rose 1998. Possible neurofibromatosis in an individual of the Scythian period from Tuva, South Siberia. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 8: 424–30. Murphy, E.M., I.I. Gokhman, Y.K. Chistov and L.L. Barkova 2002. A review of the evidence for Old World scalping: new cases from the cemetery of Aymyrlyg, South Siberia. American Journal of Archaeology 106: 1–10. Murphy E.M., Y.K. Chistov, R. Hopkins, P. Rutland and G.M. Taylor 2009. Tuberculosis among Iron Age individuals from Tyva, South Siberia: palaeopathological and biomolecular findings. Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 2029–38. Murphy, E.M., R.J. Schulting, N. Beer, Y. Chistov, A. Kasparov and M. Pshenitsyna 2013. Iron Age pastoral nomadism and agriculture in the eastern Eurasian steppe: implications from dental palaeopathology and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Journal of Archaeological Science 40: 2547–60. Muscarella, O.W. 1988. Bronze and Iron. Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Musil, A. 1928. The Manners and Customs of the Rwala Bedouins. New York: American Geographical Society. Myglan, V.O., I.Yu. Slyusarenko, O.Ch. Oydupaa and Yu.N. Garkusha 2006. Tsarskiy kurgan Arzhan-2 v Tuve: dendrokhronologicheskiy aspect. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 28 (2006/4): 130–38. Myngbay, D.K., A. Onggaruly, Zh.K. Taimagambetov, Zh. Beysenbaiuli, A.K. Satubaldin and R.I. Bektaliyeva 2016. Gold of Ages – Collection of gold and silver of the National Museum. The Illustrated Catalogue (Kazyna Series 3). Astana: National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Myshkin, V.N. 2013. Tipy pogrebalnogo obryada sotsialnoy elity kochevnikov Samaro-Uralskogo regiona v VI–V vv. do n.e. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy Akademii nauk 15/1: 219–25. Nagler, А. 2013. Pogrebalnyye sooruzheniya rannego zheleznogo veka stepey Evrazii. Nauchnoye obozreniye Sayano-Altaya 5/1: 222–32. Nagler, A., Z. Samashev, H. Parzinger and M. Nawroth 2010. Süd-Kasachstan: Kurgane Asy Saga, Kegen und Žoan Tobe, in N. Boroffka and S. Hansen (eds) Archäologische Forschungen in Kasachstan, Tadschikistan, Turkmenistan und Usbekistan: 49–54. Berlin: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Eurasien Abteilung. Naji, A.J. and Y.N. Ali 1981. The Suqs of Basrah: Commercial Organization and activity in a Medieval Islamic city. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 24: 298–309. Narain, A.K. 1987. The Sakā Haumavargā and the Amyrgioi: The Problem of Their Identity. Bulletin of the Asia Institute (N.S.) 1: 27–31. Narain, A.K. 1990. Indo-Europeans in inner Asia, in D. Sinor (ed.) The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia: from earliest times to the rise of the Mongols: 151–76. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Narain, A.K. 1998. The Earliest Sakas of South Asia. Patna: K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute. Narain, A.K. 2013. South Asia, central Asia and south Russia: the Saka connection, in D.N. Tripathi, R.C. Agrawal and P.K. Shukla (eds) India, Central Asia and Russia: three millennia of contacts: 30–45. New Delhi: ICHR-Aryan Books International. Nattier, J. 2004. Central Asia, in R. Buswell, Jr. (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Buddhism 1: 120–22. New York: MacMillan. Naveh, J. and S. Shaked (eds) 2012. Aramaic Documents from Ancient Bactria From the Khalili Collections. London: Khalili Family Trust. Nayeem, M.A. 1996. The Sultanate of Oman (Prehistory and Protohistory of the Arabian Peninsula 4). Hyderabad: Hyderabad Publishers. Nebelsick, L.D. 2012. Scythian Eagles with Ionic Honeysuckle – Patterns of Iconographic Acculturation in the North Pontic Steppes during the 6th and 5th Centuries BC, in P. Anreiter, E. Banffy, L. Bartosiewicz, W. Meid and C. MetznerNebelsick (eds) Archaeological, Cultural and Linguistic Heritage. Festschrift for Erzsebet Jerem in Honour of her 70th Birthday: 449–73. Budapest: Adu Print. Nebelsick, L.D. 2015. Ryba wpuszczona do wody: historyczny i kulturowy kontekst ‘Skarbu z Vettersfelde’, in A. Jaszewska and A. Michalak (eds) Woda – żywioł ujarzmiony i nieujarzmiony: 123–52. Zielona Góra: Stowarzyszenie Naukowe Archeologów Polskich Oddział Lubuski. Neef, R. 2010. Die Pflanzenreste, in K. Chugunov, H. Parzinger and A. Nagler (eds) Der skythenzeitliche Fürstenkurgan Aržan 2 in Tuva (Archäologie in Eurasien 26 / Steppenvölker Eurasiens 3): 242–49. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Nefedkin, A. 2004. On the Origin of the Scythed Chariots. Historia 53/3: 369–78. Nefedkin, A. 2005. On Typical Tactics of Oriental Chariot Battle. The Ancient History Bulletin [Calgary] 19/1–2: 1–14. 731 Bibliography Nefedov, S.A. 2008. Faktornyy analiz istoricheskogo protsessa. Istoriya Vostoka. Мoscow: ‘Territory of the future’. Nelson, C. (ed.) 1973. The Desert and the Sown. Nomads in the Wider Society. Berkeley: University of California Press. Nerazik, E.E. and Yu.A. Rapoport 1981. Predmeti voorudjenia i bita, in E.E. Nerazik and Yu.A. Raport (eds) Gorodishche Toprak-Kala (Raskopki 1965–1975 gg.) (Trudy Khorezmskoj Arkheologo–Etnograficheskoj Ekspedicii, XII): 101–23. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Newton, R. and S. Davison 1989. Conservation of Glass. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Nickel, H. 1973. Tamgas and Runes, Magic Numbers and Magic Symbols. Metropolitan Museum Journal 8: 165–73. Nickel, L. 2006. Tonkrieger auf der Seidenstrasse? Die Plastiken des Ersten Kaisers von China und die hellenistische Skulptur Zentralasiens. Zurich Studies in The History of Art/Georges Bloch Annual 13/14: 124– 49. Nickel, L. 2013. The First Emperor and sculpture in China. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 76/3: 413–47. Nickel, L. 2015. Bricks in Ancient China and the Question of Early Cross-Asian Interaction. Arts Asiatiques 70: 49–62. Nihon bagu taikan 1990. Comprehensive Catalogue of Japanese Horse Trappings. Volume 1. Archaic Age. Part 1. Japan [in Japanese]. Tokyo: Nihon Chūō Keibakai. Nikitenko, I.S. 2018. Rezultaty mineralogopetrograficheskogo analiza kollektsii obraztsov gornykh porod iz raskopok Aleksandropolskogo kurgana prilozheniye v Aleksandropole, in S.V. Polin and A.Yu. Alekseev (eds) Skifskiy tsarskiy Aleksandropolskiy kurgan IV v. do n.e. v Nizhnem Podneprovye (Kurgany Ukrainy 6): 726–31. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Nikitenko, I.S. and S.V. Polin 2016. Proiskhozhdeniye stroitelnogo kamnya krepidy i pantsirya Aleksandropolskogo kurgana. Geologo-mineralogicheskii visnik Krivorizkogo national university 35/1: 37–45. Nikolaev, N.N. 2012. Khunny, in O.A. Fedoseenko (ed.) Kochevniki Evrazii na Puti k Imperii: 118–31. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Nikolaev, N.N. 2017. A jewelry hoard from Znamenka, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 330–35, cats 234–46. London: Thames and Hudson. Nikolaev, N.N. and S.V. Pankova 2017. After the Scythians, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 324–29. London: Thames and Hudson. Nikonorov, V.P. 2001. Parfyanskiye sedla, in V.M. Masson (ed.) Rol akhaltekinskogo konya v formirovanii mirovogo konnozavodstva: 115–16. Ashgabat. Nikonorov, V.P. 2002. Voennoye delo evropeyskikh gunnov v svete dannykh greko-latinskoy pismennoy traditsii, in V.M. Masson (ed.) Zapiski Vostochnogo otdeleniya Rossiyskogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva (N.S.) 1 (26): 223–323. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Oriental Studies. Nikonorov, V.P. 2004. A Unique Comb from KampyrTepe (Northern Bactria), in J. Chochorowskiego (ed.) Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmatians. In memory of Professor Tadeusz Sulimirski: 317–29. Kraków: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University. Nikonorov, V.P. and Yu.S. Khudyakov 1999. Izobrazheniya voinov iz Orlatskogo mogilnika, in O.A. Mit’ko (ed.) Evraziya: kulturnoye nasledie drevnikh tsivilizatsiy: Gorizonty Evrazii 2: 141–54. Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk State University. Nikulitse, I.Т. 1987. Severnyye frakiitsy v VI-I vv. do n.e.. Kishinev: Shtiintsa. Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu Bowuguan Kaogudui 1987. Ningxia Zhongning Xian qingtong duanjian mu qingli jianbao [Excavation of the tombs with bronze daggers at Zhongning, Ningxia]. Kaogu 9: 773–77. Ningxia Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo and Ningxia Guyuan Bowuguan 1993. Ningxia Guyuan Yanglang qingtong wenhua mudi [Bronze culture cemetery at Yanglang, Guyuan, Ningxia]. Kaogu 1: 13–56. Nițu, A. and N. Zaharia 1955. Informații sumare cu privire la cetatea de la Stâncești (Botoșani). Studii și Cercetări de Istorie Veche 6/1–2: 333–36. Noelke, P. 2006. Bildhauerwerkstätten im römischen Germanien. Bonner Jahrbücher 206: 87–144. Nöldeke, T. 1930. The Iranian National Epic or the Shahnamah: being the English translation from the German of Prof. T. Nöldeke’s Das Iranische Nationalepos. Bombay: K.R. Cama Oriental Institute (second edition, translated by L. Bogdanov). Ochir-Goryaeva, M.A. and V.V. Dvornichenko 2006. Osobennosti raspolozheniya predmetov uzdy v pogrebalnykh kompleksakh (po materialam mogilnika Krivaya Luka). Nizhnevolzhskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik 8: 236–45. O’Connell, T.C., M.A. Levine and R.E.M. Hedges 2003. The importance of fish in the diet of central Eurasian peoples from the Mesolithic to the Early Iron Age, in M.A. Levine, C. Renfrew and K. Boyle (eds) Prehistoric Steppe Adaptation and the Horse: 253–68. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. Odom, A. 2011. Russian Silver in America: Surviving the Melting Pot. Washington, D.C. and London: Hillwood Museum and Gardens Foundation, in association with D. Giles Ltd. Ogden, J.M. 1977. Platinum group metal inclusions in ancient gold artefacts. Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society 11: 53–71. Ogden, J.M. 1982. Jewellery of the Ancient World. London: Trefoil Books. Ogden, J.M. 1991. Casting doubt: economic and technological considerations regarding metal casting in the ancient world, in P.B. Vandiver, J. Druzik and G. Segan Wheeler (eds) Materials Issues in 732 Bibliography Art and Archaeology II. Symposium held April 17–21 1990, San Francisco, California, USA (Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 185): 713–17. Pittsburgh: Materials Research Society. Ogden, J.M. 1992. Ancient Jewellery. London: British Museum Press. Ogden, J.M. 1998. The jewellery of Dark Age Greece: construction and cultural connections, in D. Williams (ed.) The Art of the Greek Goldsmith: 14–21. London: British Museum Press. Ogden, J.M. 2000. Metals, in P.T. Nicholson and I. Shaw (eds) Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology: 148– 76. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Oka, H., Y. Ito, S. Yamada, T. Kagami, J. Hayakawa, K. Harada, E. Atsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Odani, S. Akahori, K. Maeda, T. Tanaka and M. Mizuno 1998. Identification of Lac Dye Components by Electrospray High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan 46/1: 63–68. Olbrycht, M.J. 2016. Archaeological discoveries at Tillyatepe and Parthia’s relations with Bactria. Parthica 18: 9–29. Olkhovsky, V.S. 1977. Skifskiye katakomby v Severnom Prichernomorye. Sovetskaya arkheologiya 1977/4: 108–28. Olkhovsky, V.S. 1991. Pogrebalno-pominalnaya obryadnost naselenija stepnoj Skifii (VII–III vv. do n.e.). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Olkhovsky, V.S. 2005. Monumental’naya skulptura naseleniya zapadnoĭ chasti evraziĭskikh stepeĭ epokhi rannego zheleza. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Olkhovsky, V.S. and G.L. Yevdokimov 1994. Skifskie izvayaniya VII–III vv. do n.e. Moscow: MTO Meteo. Onayko, N.A. 1970. Antichnyy import v Pridneprovye i Pobuzhye v IV–II vv. do n.e. (SAI D1-27). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. O’Neill, J.P. (ed.) 1996. Ancient Art from the Shumei Family Collection. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Orlyuk, M., R. Rolle, A. Romenets, B. Ulrich and H. Zöllner 2016. Mikromagnitnaya sjomka Bol`shogo Belskogo gorodishcha skifskogo vremeni, Poltavskaya oblast. Geofizicheskij zhurnal 15/38: 25–39. Ortiz, G. 1993. The George Ortiz Collection. Bern: BenteliWerd. Osborne, R. 1999. Archaeology and the Athenian Empire. Transactions of the American Philological Association 129: 319–32. Ostroverkhov, A.S. 1985. Fajansovye i stekljannye busy v Skifii i Sarmatii. Vestnik drevnei istorii 1985/3: 92– 108. Özgen, İ. and J. Öztürk 1996. The Lydian Treasure: Heritage Recovered. Istanbul: Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Culture, General Directorate of Monuments and Museums. Öztürk, J. 1998. Lydian Jewellery, in D. Williams (ed.) The Art of the Greek Goldsmith: 41–47. London: British Museum Press. Pang, T. (ed.) 1998. Treasures of the Eurasian Steppes. Animal art from 800BC to 200AD. New York: Ariadne Galleries. Pankova, S. 2013. One more culture with ancient tattoo tradition in Southern Siberia: tattoos on a mummy from the Oglakhty burial ground, 3rd–4th century AD, in Ph. Della Casa and C. Witt (eds) Tattoos and body modifications in antiquity (Proceedings of the sessions at the EAA annual meetings the Hague and Oslo, 2010/11). Zurich studies in archaeology 9: 75–96. Pankova, S. 2015. Jarusnye nakonechniki strel v tashtykskih gravirovkah, in V.P. Nikonorov and V.A. Alekshin (eds) Akademicheskoe vostokovedenie v Rossii i stranah blizhnego zarubezh’ja (2007–2015): Arkheologiya, istoriya, kultura (Zapiski Vostochnogo otdelenija Rossiiskogo Arkheologichskogo obschestva) (N.S.) 3 (28): 439–55. St. Petersburg: Contrast Ltd. Pankova, S. 2016. Unearthed early silks from the Silk Road in Russia, in Zhao Feng (ed.) Sichou Zhilu: yitiao sichou zhilu [The Silk Road: a road of silk]: 54–66. Hangzhou: Donghua daxue chubanshe. Pankova, S. 2017. Identifications of Iron Age Tattoos from the Altai-Sayan Mountains in Russia, in L. Krutak and A. Deter-Wolf (eds) Ancient Ink: the Archaeology of Tattooing: 65–84. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press. Pankova, S. 2018. Kosy iz pogrebeniya 4 Oglakhtinskogo mogilnika (raskopki L.R. Kyzlasova 1969 g.), in N.Yu. Smirnov (ed.) Pamyatniki arkheologii v issledovaniyah i fotografiyah (pamyaty G.V. Dluzhnevskoy): 132–39. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Pankova, S. 2020a. Skify v Velikobritanii: opyt sotrudnichestva Ermitazha i Britanskogo Muzeya. Soobscheniya gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 78: 129–43. Pankova, S. 2020b. Mehovye odezhdy iz Oglahtinskogo mogiljnika: shuby iz pogrebeniya 4 / Fur clothes from the cemetery of Oglakhty: coats from burial no. 4, in N.V. Khvoschinskaya (ed.), Arkheologicheskiye Vesti / Archaeological News 26 (On the 90th anniversary of Aleksandr Danilovich Grach): 202–15 (Russian with English abstract). St. Petersburg: Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for the History of Material Culture. Pankova, S.V. and E.A. Mikolaychuk 2020. Kitayskiye shyolkovye tkany iz Oglakhtinskogo mogilnika v (raskopki 1969 goda), in Elkina, I.I., M. Wagner and P.E. Tarasov (eds) Iskusstvo drevnego tekstilya. Metody izucheniya, sohrannosty, reconstruktsiya. Moscow and Berlin: Nünnerich–Asmus Verlag & Media GmbH, Oppenheim am Rhein: 38-74. Pankova, S.V., S.S. Vasilyev, V.A. Dergachyov and G.I. Zaytseva 2010. Radiocarbon dating of Oglakhty grave using a wiggle matching method. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 42 (2010/2): 46–56. Parkinson, C. Northcote 1957. Parkinson’s Law, and Other Studies in Administration. Boston: Boston, Houghton Mifflin. 733 Bibliography Parrot, A. 1961. The Arts of Assyria. New York: Golden Press. Parzinger, H. 2010. Der skythenzeitliche Fürstenkurgan Aržan 2 in Tuva – Ergebnisse und weiterführende Betrachtungen, in K. Chugunov, H. Parzinger and A. Nagler (eds) Der skythenzeitliche Fürstenkurgan Aržan 2 in Tuva (Archäologie in Eurasien 26 / Steppenvölker Eurasiens 3): 303–29. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Parzinger, H. 2017. Burial Mounds of Scythian Elites in The Eurasian Steppe: New Discoveries. Journal of the British Academy 5/3: 331–55. Parzinger, H. and N. Boroffka (in collaboration with K. Alimov, M. Bubnova, J.F. Burjakov, J. Jakubov, E. Pernicka and G. Weisgerber, and contributions by A. Atachodžaev, N. Benecke and J. Görsdorf) 2003. Das Zinn der Bronzezeit in Mittelasien I. Die siedlungsarchäologischen Forschungen im Umfeld der Zinnlagerstätten (Archäologie in Iran und Turan 5). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Parzinger, H., A. Gass and Y. Fassbinder 2017. Arkheologo-geofizicheskiye issledovaniya mogilnikov rannego zheleznogo veka na territorii Kazakhstana i Severnogo Kavkaza, in V.I. Molodin and S. Hansen (eds) Multidisciplinarnyye metody v arkheologii: Noveyshiye itogi i perspektivy. Materialy mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma ‘Multidisciplinarnyye metody v arkheologii: noveyshiye itogi i perspektivy’ (22– 26 iyunya 2015 g., g. Novosibirsk): 216–39. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Parzinger, H., A. Nagler and A. Gotlib 2010. Der tagarzeitliche Großkurgan von Barsučij Log in Chakassien. Ergebnisse der deutsch–russischen Ausgrabungen 2004–2006. Eurasia Antiqua 16: 169–281. Parzinger, H., V. Zajbert, A. Nagler and A. Pleshakov 2003. Der große Kurgan von Bajkara. Studien zu einem skythischen Heiligtum (Archäologie in Eurasien 16). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Parzinger, H., A. Gass, J. Fassbinder and A. Belinskiy 2015. Interdisziplinäre Erforschung der Gräberfelder mit früheisenzeitlichen Großkurganen im Nordkaukasus, in M.T. Kashuba, S. Reinhold and V.A. Alekshin (eds) Der Kaukasus im Spannungsfeld zwischen Osteuropa und Vorderem Orient: Dialog der Kulturen, Kultur des Dialoges (im Gedenken an den 140. Geburtstag von Alexander A. Miller). Internationale Fachtagung für die Archäologie und Humboldt-Kolleg (5.-8. Oktober 2015, Sankt Petersburg): 49–53. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Parzinger, H., A. Gass and J. Fassbinder 2016. At the Foot of Royal Kurgans. The latest geoarchaeological and geophysical studies. Science First Hand 43/1: 74–89. Paul, J. 2003. The State and the Military – a Nomadic Perspective, in I. Schneider (ed.) Militär und Staatlichkeit. Beiträge des Kolloquiums am 29. und 30.04.2002, Halle (Orientwissenschaftliche Hefte 12 / Mitteilungen des SFB ‘Differenz und Integration’ 5): 25–68. Halle: Universities of Leipzig and HalleWittenberg. Păunescu, A., Șadurschi, P. and V. Chirica 1976. Repertoriul arkheologic al județului Botoșani. Bucharest: Institute of Archaeology. Payne, R. 2015. The Reinvention of Iran: The Sasanian Empire and the Huns, in M. Maas (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila: 282–99. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Perevodchikova, Ye.V. 1994. Yazyk zverinykh obrazov: Ocherki iskusstva evraziyskikh stepey skifskoy epokhi. Moscow: ‘Oriental Literature’, Russian Academy of Sciences. Perry, M.A. 2007. Is bioarchaeology a handmaiden to history? Developing a historical bioarchaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 26: 486–515. Persic, A.I. 1994. Voyna i mir na poroge tsivilizatsii: kochevye skotovody, in A.I. Persic, Yu.I. Semenov and V.A. Shnirelman (eds) Voina i mir v ranney istorii chelovechestva: vol. II/3, 129–245. Moscow: Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Peterson, D.L., L.M. Popova and A.T. Smith (eds) 2006. Beyond the steppe and the sown. Proceedings of the 2002 University of Chicago Conference on Eurasian Archaeology (Colloquia Pontica 13). Leiden and Boston: E.J. Brill. Petrenko, V.G. 1967. Pravoberezhye Srednego Pridneprovya v V–III vv. do n.e. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Petrenko, V.G. 1986. O yugo-vostochnoy granitse rasprostraneniya skifskikh kamennykh izvayaniy, in V.I. Markovin (ed.) Novoe v arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza: 158–57. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Petrenko, V.G. 1989. Lokalnye gruppy skifoobraznoy kultury lesostepi Vostochnoy Evropy, in A.I. Melyukova (ed.) Stepi Evropeiskoy chasti SSSR v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya (Arkheologia SSSR): 67–79. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Petrenko, V.G. 2006. Кrasnoznamensky mogilnik. Moscow / Berlin / Bordeaux: Paleograph. Petrenko, V.G., V.E. Maslov and A.R. Kantorovich 2000. Khronologiya tsentralnoy gruppy mogilnika Novozavedennoye-II, in V.I. Gulyaev and V.S. Olkhovsky (eds) Skify i Sarmaty v VII–III vv. do n.e.: paleoekologiya, antropologiya, arkheologiya: 238–48. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Petroutsa, E. and S. Manolis 2010. Reconstructing the Late Bronze Age diet in mainland Greece using stable isotope analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science: 614–20. Petroviciu, I., D. Creanga, I. Melinta, I. Cretu, A. Medvedovici and F. Albu 2011. The use of LC-MS in the Identification of Natural Dyes in the Epitaphios 734 Bibliography from Sucevita Monastery (15th century). Revue Roumaine de Chimie 56/2: 161–68. Petroviciu, I., A. Medvedovici, F. Albu, I. Cretu and I. Vanden Berghe 2012. LC-MS as Analytical Technique for the Identification of Natural Dyes in Historic Textiles. Romanian Reports in Physics 64/2: 507–15. Pfisterer, M. 2013. Hunnen in Indien. Die Münzen der Kidariten und Alchan aus dem bernischen historischen Museum und der Sammlung Jean-Pierre Righetti. Mit typologischen Zeichnungen von Theresa Eipeldauer (Veröffentlichungen zur Numismatik 57 / Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 459). Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Pfrommer, M. 1996. Die Gräber von Tillya-tepe – Eine späthellenistisch-frühkaiserzeitlische Nekropole zwischen achämenidischen Erbe, griechischer Tradition und nomadisch-zentralasiatischer Gegenwart, in B. Funck (ed.) Hellenismus. Beiträge zur Erforschung von Akkulturation und politischer Ordnung in den Staaten des hellenistischen Zeitalters, Akten Internationalen Hellenismus–Kolloquium 9, 1994: 91–120. Tübingen: Mohr. Pfrommer, M. 1998. Untersuchungen zur Chronologie und Komposition des Alexandermosaiks auf antiquarischer Grundlage (Aegyptiaca Trevenensia, Trierer Studien zum Griechisch-Römischen Ägypten 8). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Piankov, I.V. 1994 [1996]. The ethnic history of the Sakas. Bulletin of the Asia Institute (N.S.) 8: 37–46. Picard, Ch. and P. de la Coste-Messelière 1954. Fouilles de Delphes, IV,2. Les trésors ioniques. Paris: de Boccard. Pickford, J. 2017. Ice warriors: Scythian warriors set for display. Financial Times 31 May: 2. Pilipenko, A.S., R.O. Trapezov and N.V. Polosmak 2015. Paleogeneticheskoye issledovaniye nositeley pazyrykskoy kul’tury iz mogil’nika ak-alakha-1 (gornyy altay). Anthropology and Palaeogenetics 43/4: 147–53. Pilipko, V.N. 1996. Staraya Nisa. Zdaniye s kvadratnym zalom. Moscow: ‘Oriental Literature’, Russian Academy of Sciences. Pioro, V.I. and L.G. Samoylenko 2001. Nakhodki drevnegrecheskikh amfor v skifskikh kurganakh Dnepropetrovshchiny, in M.I. Gladkykh (ed.) Morska torgovlya v Pіvnіchnomu Prichornomor’ї: 26–42. Kiev: Taras Shevchenka National University. Piotrovsky, B.B. 1950. Karmir Blur, I. Yerevan: Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences. Piotrovsky, B.B. [1975]. Early cultures of the land of the Scythians; excavations and discoveries in Scythian lands, in From the Lands of the Scythians: ancient treasures from the Museums of the U.S.S.R. 3000 B.C.–100 B.C.: 12–31. New York and Los Angeles: Metropolitan Museum of Art and Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Piotrovsky, B., L. Galanina and N. Grach 1986. Scythian art. The legacy of the Scythian world: mid-7th to 3rd century B.C. Leningrad: Aurora. Piotrovsky, M.B. and Yu. Piotrovsky (eds) 1998. Shliman, Peterburg, Troya. St. Petersburg: Slavia. Piotrovsky, M.B., A.T. Adamova and A.B. Nikitin (eds) 2004. Iran v Ermitazhe. Formirovanie kollektsii. St. Petersburg: Slavia. Pirazzoli-t’Serstevens, M. 1994. Pour une archéologie des échanges. Apports étrangers en Chine – transmission, réception, assimilation. Arts Asiatiques 49: 21–33. Pirazzoli-t’Serstevens, M. 2007. Inner Asia and Han China: Borrowings and Representations, in T. Lawton (ed.) New Frontiers in Global Archaeology: Defining China’s Ancient Traditions: 1–20. Washington: AMS Foundation for the Arts, Sciences and Humanities. Plamenevskaya, O.L. 1975. Nekotorye dannye o tkanyakh iz kurgana Arzhan. Uchenye Zapiski Tuvinskogo Nauchno-issledovatel’skogo Instituta yazyka, literatury i istorii. Vyp. XVII 17: 199–206. Kyzyl: Tuva Book Press. Plavan, V., L. Miu, M. Daragan, N. Gavrilyuk, V. Barsukov and A. Ibragimova 2012. Study of deterioration of archaeological collagen-based artefacts, in L. Albu and V. Deselnicu (eds) Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advanced Material and Systems, Bucharest, Romania: 511–16. Bucharest: CERTEX. Pleshivenko, A.G. 1991a. Skifskiy kurgan u Belozerskogo limana, in E.P. Bunyatyan and Yu.V. Boltrik (eds) Kurgany stepnoy Skifii: 53–72. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Pleshivenko, A.G. 1991b. Torgovye svyazi Kamenskogo gorodischa (po amfornym kleymam), in G.N. Toshchev (ed.) Drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomorya i Kryma 3: 162–72. Pleshivenko, A.G. 2000. Kapulovsky kompleks skifskogo vremeni (po materialam kollektsii A.V. Bodyanskogo), in G.N. Toshchev (ed.) Drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomorya i Kryma 8: 222–36. Podolsky, M.L. 2002. Znamenskii klad iz Khakasii, in D.G. Savinov (ed.) Khladi: sostav, khronologiya, interpretatsiya: 229–34. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University. Podolsky, M.L. 2010. Zver, kotory byl sam po sebe, ili fenomenologiya skifskogo zverinogo stilya. St. Petersburg: ElekSis. Podushkin, A.N. 2019. Novyye arkheologicheskiye kompleksy mogilnikov Kylyshzhar Myntobe, in B.A. Baytanayev (ed.) Margulanovskiye chteniya 2019. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy arkheologicheskoy nauchnoprakticheskoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 95-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya vydayushchegosya kazakhstanskogo arkheologa K.A. Akisheva, Nur-Sultan, 19–20 aprelya 2019 g.: 153–69. Nur Sultan: ‘Globus’. Pokutta, D.A., A.P. Borodovskiy, L. Oleszcak, P. Tóth and K. Lidén 2019. Mobility of Nomads in Central Asia: Chronology and 87SR/86SR isotope evidence from the Pazyryk burials of Northern Altai, Russia. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 27. Polidovich, Yu. B. 2006. Khishchnik i ego zhertva: vyrazhenie krugovorota zhizni i smerti sredstvami 735 Bibliography skifskogo zoomorfnogo koda, in anon. (ed.) Strukturno-semioticheskie issledovaniya v arkheologi 3: 355–98. Donetsk: Donetsk National University. Polidovich, Yu.B. and N.I. Маlyuk 2016. Obraz ryby v iskusstve skifo-sarmatskogo vremeni, in L.Т. Yablonsky and L.А. Kraev (eds) Konstantin Fedorovich Smirnov i sovremennyye problemy sarmatskoy arkheologii: 209–16. Orenburg: Ogly. Polin, S.V. 1984. Pro sarmatske zavoyuvannya Pivnichnogo Prichornomorya. Arkheologiya 1984/45: 24–34. Polin, S.V. 1986. Poyavlenie sarmatov v Severnom Prichernomore po arkheologicheskim dannym, in Khozyaysthe bnvo i kultura doklassovyh i ranneklassovyh obschestv. Tezisy dokladov III konferentsii molodyh uchenyh IA AN SSSR: 116–18. Moscow: Tipya Instituta Istorii AN SSSR. Polin, S.V. 1987. Khronologiya rannesarmatskoy prohorovskoy kultury, in Aktualnye problemy istorikoarkheologicheskih issledovanij. Tezisy dokladov VI Respublikanskoy konferetsii molodyh uchenyh. Kiev, oktyabr 1987 g.: 132–33. Kiev: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Polin, S.V. 1991. Amfory kurgana Chertomlyk, in A.Yu. Alekseev, V.Yu. Murzin and R. Rolle (eds) Chertomlyk. Skifskiy tsarskiy kurgan IV v. do n.e.: 365–74. Kiev: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Polin, S.V. 1992. Ot Skifii k Sarmatii. Kiev: Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Polin, S.V. 2010. Amfory Aleksandropol’skogo kurgana (po materialam raskopok 2004-2009 gg.). Antichnyy mir i arkheologiya 14: 262–307. Polin, S.V. 2011a. K istorii razvitiya metodiki raskopok bol’shyh skifskih kurganov, in Metodika polevyh arkheologicheskih issledovaniy, t. 4. Grecheskie i varvarskie pamyatniki Severnogo Prichernomorya. Opyt metodiki rossiyskih i ukrainskih polevyh issledovanij: 206–22. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Polin, S.V. 2011b. Amfory i klejma iz kurgana No. 32 u g. Ordzhonikidze I nekotoryie voprosy amfornoy khronologii. Antichny mir i arkheologiya 15: 240– 64. Polin, S.V. 2014. Skifskiy Zolotobalkovskiy kurgannyy mogilnik V–IV vv. do n.e. Kiev: Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Polin, S.V. 2015. O khronologii fasosskogo kleymeniya IV v. do n.e. Trudy gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 77: 334–58. Polin, S.V. 2017. Sarmatskoye zavoevaniye Severnogo Prichernomorya (sovremennoye sostoyaniye problemy). Epokha bronzy i ranniy zhelezniy vek. Arkheologiya evraziyskikh stepey 3: 224–43. Polin, S.V. and A.Yu. Alekseev 2018. Skifskiy tsarskiy Aleksandropolskiy kurgan IV v. do n.e. v Nizhnem Podneprovye (Kurgany Ukrainy 6). Kiev: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Polin, S.V. and M.N. Daragan 2010. Raboty na Aleksandropolskom kurgane v 2008 g., in ΣΥΜΒΟΛΑ 1. Antichnyy mir Severnogo Prichernomoria. Noveyshiye nakhodki i otkrytiya: 191–209. Moscow and Kiev: ID Triumf Print. Polin, S.V. and M.N. Daragan 2011. Das Prunkgrab Alexandropol’-Kurgan. Vorbericht über die Untersuchungen in den Jahren 2004–2009. Eurasia Antiqua 17: 189–214. Polin, S.V. and A.V. Simonenko 1990. ‘Rannesarmatskie’ pogrebenija Severnogo Prichernomorya, in I.F. Kovaleva (ed.) Issledovaniya po arkheologii Podneprovya: 76–96. Dnepropetrovsk: Izdatelstvo DGU. Polin, S.V. and A.V. Simonenko 1997. Skifija i sarmaty, in V.E. Maksimento (ed.) Sarmaty i Skifiya. Sbornik nauchnyh dokladov III mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii ‘Problemy sarmatskoj arkheologii i istorii’ (Donskie drevnosti 5): 87–98. Azov: Azovskiy krayevedcheskiy muzey. Polin, S.V. and A.V. Simonenko 2004. Sarmaty i gibel Velikoy Skifii, in J. Chochorowski (ed.) Cimmerians. Scythians. Sarmatians. In memory of Professor T. Sulimirski: 367–74. Krakow: Ksiegarnia akademicka. Polin, S.V., L.A. Chernykh, M.N. Daragan and S.N. Razumov 2008. Issledovaniya kurganov epohi bronzy i skifskogo perioda u g. Ordzhonikidze (Ukraina), sezon 2007 g. (predvaritelnoye soobshcheniye). Revista Arkheologica 4/1: 135–45. Polosmak, N.V. 1994a. Steregushchie zoloto grify (akalakhinskie kurgany). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Polosmak, N.V. 1994b. The Ak-Alakh ‘Frozen Grave’ Barrow. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 1/3: 346–54. Polosmak, N.V. 1994c. A mummy unearthed from the pastures of heaven. National Geographic 186: 80–103. Polosmak, N.V. 1996a. Pogrebenie znatnoj pazyrykskoj zhenshchiny. Vestnik drevnei istorii 1996/4: 142–67. Polosmak, N.V. 1996b. Investigations of a Pazyryk Barrow at Kuturguntas. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 2/1: 91–111. Polosmak, N.V. 1998a. Pazyrykskie analogi v mogilakh Sin’czjana, in A.P. Derevyanko and V.I. Molodin (eds) Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredel’nikh territorij: vol. IV, 337–43. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Polosmak, N.V. 1998b. The Burial of a Noble Pazyryk Woman. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 5/2: 125–63. Polosmak, N.V. 2000. Pazyryk felt blankets: the Ukok collection. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 1 (2000/1): 94–100. Polosmak, N.V. 2001. Vsadniki Ukoka. Novosibirsk: Infolio Press. Polosmak, N.V. 2009. ‘Tam na nevedomykh dorozhkakh sledy nevidannykh zverey …’. Serebryanye 736 Bibliography ukrasheniya konskoy upryazhi iz kurganov khunnu. ‘Nauka’ iz pervykh ruk 5: 64–75. Polosmak, N.V. 2010. ‘My vypili Somu, my stali bessmertnymi …’. ‘Nauka’ iz pervykh ruk 33: 50–59. Polosmak, N.V. 2011. Svet dalekoj Ellady. ‘Nauka’ iz pervykh ruk 37/1: 94–107. Polosmak, N.V. 2012. History embroidered in wool. ‘Nauka’ iz pervykh ruk 31/1 (April): 88–109. Polosmak, N.V. 2015. Nouvelles découvertes de tentures polychromes brodées du début de notre ère dans les tumuli n°20 and n°31 de Noin-Ula (République de Mongolie). Arts Asiatiques 70: 3–32. Polosmak, N.V. and L.L. Barkova (eds) 2005. Kostyum i tekstil’ pazyryktsev Altaya (IV–III vv. do n.e.). Novosibirsk: Infolio Press. Polosmak, N.V. and V.A. Trunova 2006. Mortal Delight. SR Finds the Murderer. Science First Hand 7/2 (February) http://scfh.ru/en/papers/mortal-delight-sr-findsthe-murderer/ Polosmak, N.V., E.S. Bogdanov and D. Ceveendorzh 2011. Dvadcatij noin-ulinskij kurgan. Novosibirsk: Infolio Press. Polosmak, N.V., S.S. Shatskaya, M.V. Zadorozhny, L.P. Kundo and E.V. Karpova 2019. Rezul’taty issledovaniy zolotykh izdeliy iz pogrebeniy khunnu Noin-Ula (Mongoliya). Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii: 47 (2019/1): 83–94. Polyakov, A.V. and I.P. Lazaretov 2020. Current state of the chronology for the palaeometal period of the Minusinsk basins in southern Siberia. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 29. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102125 Polyakov, A.V. and S.V. Svyatko 2009. Radiouglerodnoe datirovanie arkheologicheskih pamyatnikov neolita – nachala zheleznogo veka Srednego Eniseya: obzor rezultatov i novye dannye. Teorija i praktika arkheologicheskih issledovanij 5: 20–56. Popescu, E. and A. Vulpe 1982. Nouvelles découvertes du type Ferigile. Dacia (N.S.) 26: 77–114. Popova, E.A. 1976. Ob istokakh traditsiy i evolyutsii form skifskoy skulptury. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1976/1: 108–21. Porucznik, J. 2013. The image of a ‘drunken Scythian’ in Greek tradition. Proceedings of the First Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference AIIC 2013, 24– 26 April 2013, Azores, Portugal: vol. 2, 710–14. Kocani: Egalite. Posch, W. 1995. Baktrien zwischen Griechen und Kuschan: Untersuchungen zu kulturellen und historischen Problemen einer Übergangsphase mit einem textkritischen Exkurs zum Shiji 123. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Possehl, G.L. 1981. Cambay Beadmaking. Expedition 23/4: 39–47. Possehl, G.L. 1996. Meluhha, in J. Reade (ed.) The Indian Ocean in antiquity: 133–208. London: Kegan Paul International. Potts, D.T. 1999. The Archaeology of Elam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Potts, D.T. 2011. Indianesque ivories in southeastern Arabia, in C. Lippolis and S. de Martino (eds) Un impaziente desiderio di scorrere il mondo. Studi in honore di Antonio Invernizzi per il suo settantesimo compleanno (Monographie di Mesopotamia 14): 335–44. Firenze: Casa Editrice Le Lettere. Potts, D.T. 2012. A ‘Scythian’ pick from Vaske (Gilan) and the identity of the XVIIth delegation at Persepolis, in H.D. Baker, K. Kaniuth and A. Otto (eds) Stories of Long Ago. Festschrift für Michael D. Roaf: 459–70. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag. Potts, D.T. 2014. Nomadism in Iran. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Potyomkin, Т.М. 1985. Bronzovyy vek lesostepnogo Pritobolya. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Pound, L. 1906. Arnold’s sources for Sohrab and Rustum. Modern Language Notes 21: 15–17. Prabhakar, V.N. 2016. An Overview of the Stone Bead Drilling Technology in South Asia from Earliest Times to Harappans. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 4: 47–74. Prabhakar, V.N. 2018. Decorated Carnelian Beads from the Indus Civilization Site of Dholavira (Great Rann of Khachchha, Gujarat), in D. Frenez, G.M. Jamison, R.W. Law, M. Vidale and R.H. Meadow (eds) Walking with the Unicorn. Social Organization and Material Culture in Ancient South Asia. Jonathan Mark Kenoyer Felicitation Volume: 476–85. Oxford: Archaeopress Archaeology. Price, K. and M. Gleba 2012. Textiles on Egyptian Mirrors: Pragmatics or Religion? Archaeological Textiles Review 54: 2–13. Priestley, J. and V. Zali (eds) 2016. Brill’s Companion to the Reception of Herodotus in Antiquity and Beyond (Brill’s Companions to Classical Reception, 6). Leiden and Boston: E.J. Brill. Priestman, S. 2008. Islamic Pottery in Oman, in A. alSalimi, H. Gaube and L. Korn et al. Islamic Art in Oman: 260–81. Muscat: Al Roya Press. Printseva, G.A. 2005. Precious and Rare Objects, in R.E. Kistemaker, N.P. Kopaneva, D.J. Meijers and G.V. Vilinbakhov (eds) The Paper Museum of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg c.1725–1760. Introduction and Interpretation: 209–16. Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Printseva, G.A. 2011. The Siberian Route of Pavel Piasetsky. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Privat, K.L., J. Schneeweiβ, N. Benecke, S.K. Vasiliev, T.C. O’Connell, R.E.M. Hedges and O. Craig 2005. Economy and diet at the Late Bronze Age – Iron Age site of Čiča: artefactual, archaeozoological and biochemical analyses. Eurasia Antiqua 11: 419– 48. Provencal, V.L. 2015. Sophist Kings: Persians as other in Herodotus. London: Bloomsbury. Pruglo, V.I. 1972. Englificheskiye kleyma Geraklei Pontiyskoy iz Mirmekiya. Kratkiye soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii 130: 12–20. 737 Bibliography Pshenichnyuk, A.H. 1989. Raskopki ‘carskogo’ kurgana na Yuzhnom Urale (preprint doklada). Ufa. Pshenichnyuk, A.H. 2001. Filippovskie kurgany v centre skifskogo mira, in M.B. Piotrovsky (ed.) Zolotye oleni Evrazii: 26–37. St. Petersburg: ‘Slaviya’. Pugachenkova, G.A. 1966. Khalchayan. Tashkent: ‘Fan’. Pugachenkova, G.A. 1971. Skul’ptura Khalchayana. Moscow: ‘Iskusstvo’. Pugachenkova, G.A. 1979. Dzhigatepe (raskopki 1974g.). Drevnyaya Baktriya 2: 63–94. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Pugachenkova, G.A. 1989. Drevnosti Miankalya. Iz rabot Uzbekistanskoy iskusstvovedcheskoy ekspeditsii. Tashkent: ‘Fan’. Pugachenkova, G. and L.I. Rempel 1991. Gold from Tilliatepe. Bulletin of the Asia Institute 5: 11–25. Pugachenkova, G.A., E.V. Rtveladze and K. Kato 1991. Drevnosti yuzhnogo Uzbekistana / Minami Uzubekisutan no ihō / Antiquities of Southern Uzbekistan. Tashkent and Tokyo: The Khamza Fine Arts Research Centre and Soka University Press. Puzdrovsky, A.E. 1994. O sarmatah v Krymu, in Materialy po arkthe heologii i etnografii Tavrii 4: 397–405. Puzdrovsky, A.E. 1999. Etnicheskaja istorija Krymskoj Skifii (II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e.). Khersonesskij sbornik 10: 208–25. Puzdrovsky, A.E. 2001. Politicheskaya istoriya Krymskoj Skifii vo II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e.. Vestnik drevnei istorii 2001/3: 86–118. Puzdrovsky, A.E. 2007. Krymskaja Skifija. II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e. Pogrebal’nye pamjatniki. Simferopol: BiznesInform. Qi Xiaoshan and Bo Wang (eds) 2008. Sichou Zhilu: Xinjiang gudai wenhua [The ancient culture in Xinjiang along the Silk Road]. Wulumuqi: Xinjiang remin chubanshe. Qin Shihuangdi Ling Bowuyuan 2012. Qin Shihuangdi ling chutu yihao qingtong mache [Bronze chariot no. 1 excavated in the mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin]. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. Qin Shihuangdi Ling Bowuyuan 2015. Qin Shihuangdi ling chutu erhao qingtong mache [Bronze chariot no. 2 excavated in the mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin]. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. Qinyong Kaogudui 1983. Qin Shihuang ling erhao tong chema qingli jianbao [Brief report on the excavation of bronze chariot no. 2 from the mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin]. Wenwu 7: 1–15. Rak, I.V. (ed.) 1998. Avesta v Russkih Perevodah (1861–1996). St. Petersburg: Zhurnal ‘Neva’ i Letnij Sad. Rao, S.R. 1979/85. Lothal. A Harappan Port (Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India 78). New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India (two volumes). Rapin, C. 1992. La trésorerie du palais hellénistique d’ Aï Khanoum. L’apogée et la chute du royaume grec de Bactriane (Fouilles de Aï Khanoum VIII / Mémoires de la delegation archéologique française en Afghanistan XXXIII). Paris: de Boccard. Rapin, C. 2007. Nomads and the shaping of Central Asia: from the early Iron Age to the Kushan period, in J. Cribb and G. Herrmann (eds) After Alexander: Central Asia before Islam: 29–72. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rapin, C. 2018. On the way to Roxane 2. Satraps and hyparchs between Bactra and Zariaspa-Maracanda, in J. Lhuillier and N. Boroffka (eds) A Millennium of History. The Iron Age in southern Central Asia (2nd and 1st Millennia BC). Proceedings of the conference held in Berlin (June 23–25, 2014). Dedicated to the memory of Viktor Ivanovich Sarianidi (Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan XXXV). Archäologie in Iran und Turan 17: 257–98. Rapin, C., M. Isamiddinov and M. Khasanov 2001. La tombe d’une princesse nomade à Koktepe près de Samarkand. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 2001 (January–March): 33–92. Rast-Eicher, A. 2016. Fibres. Microscopy of Archaeological Textiles and Furs. Budapest: Archaeolingua. Ratnagar, S. 1981. Encounters: The Westerly Trade of the Harappa Civilization. London: Oxford University Press. Rau, P. 1929. Die Graber der Frühen Eisen Zeit im unteren Wolgagebiet. Pokrovsk: People’s Commissariat for Education of the Volga-German Republic. Rawson, J. 1999. The eternal palaces of the Western Han: A new view of the universe. Artibus Asiae 59: 5–58. Rawson, J. 2015. Steppe weapons in ancient China and the role of hand-to-hand combat. The National Museum Research Quarterly 33/1: 37–97. Rawson, J. 2018. Gold, an exotic material in early China, in K.M. Linduff and K.S. Rubinson (eds) How Objects Tell Stories. Essays in Honor of Emma C. Bunker: 109–35. Turnhout: Brepols. Rawson, J., K. Chugunov, Y. Grebnev and L. Huan 2020. Chariotry and prone burials: reassessing late Shang China's relationship with its Northern neighbours. Journal of World Prehistory 33/2: 135-68. Rayevsky, D.S. and M.N. Pogrebova 1997. Zakavkazskiye bronzovye poyasa s gravirovannymi izobrazheniyami. Moscow: ‘Oriental Literature’, Russian Academy of Sciences. Read, C. 1912. On a Silver Sassanian Bowl of about the year 400 A.D., found in the NW. Provinces of India. Archaeologia 63: 251–56. Reade, J. 1979. Early etched beads and the IndusMesopotamia Trade (British Museum Occasional Papers 2). London: The British Museum. Reade, J. 1989. On site at the crossroads of the Arabian Sea. British Museum Society Bulletin 60 (spring): 21–23. Reade, J. 1990. Excavations at Ra’s al-Hadd, 1988. Preliminary report, in S. Cleuziou, J. Reade and M. Tosi (eds) The Joint Hadd Project. Summary report on the third season (October 1987–February 1988): 33–43. Naples: Istituto Universitario Orientale. Reade, J. 1998. Assyrian illustrations of Arabs, in C.S. Phillips, D.T. Potts and S. Searight (eds) Arabia and 738 Bibliography its Neighbours. Essays on prehistorical and historical developments presented in honour of Beatrice de Cardi (Abiel II): 221–32. Turnhout: Brepols. Redfern, D. 2000. A Technical Examination of the Scythian Gold Hoard from Vettersfelde / Witaszkowo. Eurasia Antiqua 6: 405–18. Redfern, D. 2012. A Study of Scythian Gold Jewellery Manufacturing Technology and its Comparison to Greek Techniques from the 7th to 5th Centuries BC (BAR International Series 2424). Oxford: Archaeopress. Reeder, E.D. (ed.) 1999. Scythian Gold: treasures from ancient Ukraine. New York: Harry N. Abrams. Rehm, E. 2013. Toreutische Werke in Zentrum und Peripherie – Gedanken zu Stil und Werkstätten achämenidischer und achämenidisierender Denkmäle, in M. Treister and L. Yablonsky (eds) Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur im südlichen Uralvorland (5.–3. Jh. v. Chr.): 35–52. Vienna: Phoibus Verlag. Rehren, T. and I.C. Freestone 2015. Ancient glass: from kaleidoscope to crystal ball. Journal of Archaeological Science 56: 233–41. Reifarth, N. and R. Drevello 2011. Textile Spuren in der Königsgruft. Vorbericht zu ersten Ergebnissen und dem Potential zukünftiger Forschungen, in P. Pfälzner (ed.) Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Königsgruft von Qatna: 469–82. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. Rempel, L.I. 1977. Fragmenty bronzovoy statui verblyuda iz Samarkanda i krylatyy verblyud Varakhshi (k voprosu o prirode sogdiyskogo iskusstva), in B.G. Gafurov and B.A. Litvinsky (eds) Srednyaya Aziya v drevnosti i srednevekovye (istoriya i kultura): 97–102. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Renou, L. and J. Filliozat 1985. L’Inde Classique (Manuel des études indiennes). Paris: École Française d’Extrême Orient (two volumes). Rets, K.I. 2004. Poyasnye plastiny so stsenoy okhoty na kabana iz Sibirskoy kollektsii Petra I: k voprosu o khronologicheskoy i kulturnoy atributsii, in V.Yu. Zuev (ed.) Bosporsky fenomen: problemy khronologii i datirovki pamyatnikov. Materialy Mezhdunarodonoi nauchnoi konferentsii: Part 2, 325–32. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Rezakhani, K. 2017. The Sassanians and the Sistanis, in K. Rezakhani ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity: 27–45. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Rhi, C.S. 1992. Maoqinggou-Kultur und ihre Zeitstellung, in G. Tian and S. Guo (eds) Maoqinggou: ein eisenzeitliches Gräberfeld in der Ordos-Region (Innere Mongolei) (MAVA 50): 28–45. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Riboud, K. 1971. New Soviet finds at Oglakhty and their analogy to Aurel Stein textiles – Han period. Bulletin de CIETA 2/34: 30–39. Lyon. Richard, M.B. 2004. Alexander in China? Questions for Chinese archaeology, in Yang Xiaoneng (ed.) New Perspectives on China’s Past. Chinese Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: 329–43. New Haven: Yale University Press. Richardson, N. 2017. At the British Museum. London Review of Books (19th October): 36–37. Rieth, A. 1971. Scythische Schildzeichen. Prähistorische Zeitschrift 46: 111–25. Ringgaard, M.G. and A. Bruselius Scharff 2010. The Impact of Dyes and Natural Pigmentation of Wool on the Preservation of Archaeological Textiles, in E. Andersson Strand, M. Gleba, U. Mannering, C. Munkholt and M. Ringgaard (eds) North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles 10: 221–24. Oxford: Oxbow. Roaf, M. 1974. The subject peoples on the base of the statue of Darius. Cahiers de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Iran 4: 73–160. Roaf, M. 1984. Excavations at Tell Mohammed ‘Arab in the Eski Mosul Dam Salvage Project. Iraq 46 (autumn): 141–56, pls X–XIII. Roberts, C. and K. Manchester 2005. The Archaeology of Disease. Cornell: Cornell University Press (third edition). Rockhill, W.W. 1900. The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World. London: Hakluyt Society. Rogov, E.Ya. and I.V. Tunkina 1998. Raspisnaya i chernolakovaya keramika iz nekropolya Panskoe I. Arkheologicheskie vesti 1998/5: 159–75. Rogozhinsky, A.E. 2016. Nezadolgo do Chzhan Tsyanya: sled dvizhenia nomadov iz tsentra Azii na Zapad v poslednie veka do nashei ery, in A.P. Derevyanko and V.I. Molodin (eds) Altai v krugu evraziiskih drevnostei: 527–50. Novosibirsk: Institute of the Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Rolle, R. 1989. The World of the Scythians. Berkeley and London: University of California Press and B.T. Batsford. Rolle, R. 2011. The Scythians: Between Mobility, Tomb Architecture, and Early Urban Structures, in L. Bonfante (ed.) The Barbarians of Ancient Europe: Realities and Interactions: 107–31. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rolle, R., V.J. Murzin and A.Yu. Alekseev 1998. Königskurgan Čertomlyk. Ein skythischer Grabhügel des 4. vorchristlichen Jahrhunderts. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Rolle, R., V. Murzhin and B. Shramko 1996. The Castle Wall System of Bel’sk. Hamburg Contributions to Archaeology 18: 57–84. Romashko, V.A. and V.A. Skory 2009. Bliznets-2: skifskij aristokraticheskij kurgan в Dnepronskom pravoberezhnom nadporozhye. Dnepropetrovsk: Porogi. Root, M.C. 1979. King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Root, M.C. 2011. Elam in the Imperial Imagination: From Nineveh to Persepolis, in J. Álvarez-Mon and M.B. Garrison (eds) Elam and Persia: 419–74. Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns. 739 Bibliography Rose, J. 2001. Sasanian Splendor: The Appurtenances of Royalty, in S. Gordon (ed.) Robes and Honor. The Medieval World of Investiture: 35–58. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan. Rosen, S. 1993. A Roman Period Pastoral Tent Camp in the Negev, Israel. Journal of Field Archaeology 204 (winter): 441–51. Rosen, S. 2017. Revolutions in the Desert: The Rise of Mobile Pastoralism in the Southern Levant. New York: Routledge. Ross, E.D. 1943. Both Ends of the Candle: the autobiography of Sir E. Denison Ross. London: Faber and Faber. Rossi-Osmida, G. (ed.) 2002. Margiana Gonur-depe Necropolis. 10 Years of Excavations by Ligabue Study and Research Centre. Padua: Il Punto Edizioni. Rostovtseff, M.I. 1912. Piksida raspisnogo sklepa kurgana Vasyurinoy gory. Zapiski Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostey 30: 136–50. Rostovtseff, M.I. 1913/14. Antichnaya dekorativnaya zhivopis na yuge Rossii. St. Petersburg: Imperial Archaeological Commission. Rostovtseff, M.I. 1914. Voronezhsky serebryany sosud, in Materialy i issledovanija po arkheologii Rossii 34: 79– 93. Petrograd: Typography of General Directorate, Head administration of udels. Rostovtseff, M.I. 1918. Kurgannye nakhodki Orenburgskoy oblasti epokhi rannego i pozdnego ellinizma. Materialy po arkheologii Rossii 37. Petrograd: Ninth State Printing House. Rostovtseff, M.I. 1922. Iranians and Greeks in South Russia. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. Rostovtseff, M.I. 1925. Skifiya i Bospor. Kriticheskoe obozrenie pamyatnikov literaturnykh i arkheologicheskikh. Leningrad: Institute of Archaeology, Soviet Academy of Sciences. Rostovtseff, M.I. 1926/93. Sarmatskiye i indo–skifskiye drevnosti. Peterburgskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik. Pervoye izdaniye: Sbornik statey. posvyashchennykh pamyati N.P. Kondakova. Seminarium Kondakovianum 5: 39–56. Rothschild, B.M., D.H. Tanke, M. Helbling and L.D. Martin 2003. Epidemiologic study of tumors in dinosaurs. Naturwissenschaften 90/11 (November): 495–500. Rouse, L.M. 2015. A line in the sand: Archaeological evidence for the interaction of settled farmers and mobile pastoralists in the Late Bronze Age (1950– 1500 BC) Murghab alluvial fan, Turkmenistan. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. Rouse, L.M. and B. Cerasetti 2014. Ojakly: A Late Bronze Age mobile pastoralist site in the Murghab Region, Turkmenistan. Journal of Field Archaeology 39/1: 32– 50. Roux, V. and P. Matarasso 1999. Les perles de cornaline harrapéennes: données ethnoarchéologiques, in A. Caubet (ed.) Cornaline et Pierres Précieuses. La Méditerranée, de l'Antiquité à l'Islam: 174. Paris: Musée du Louvre and La documentation française. Roux, V. and J. Pelegrin 1989. Taille des perles et spécialisation artisanale. Enquête ethnoarchéologique dans le Gujarat. Techniques et Culture 14: 23–49. Rowland, B. 1946. Gandhāra and Early Christian Art: the Homme-Arcade and the Date of the Bimaran Reliquary. The Art Bulletin 28/1: 44–47. Rudenko, S.I. 1931. ‘Skifskoye’ pogrebeniye vostochnogo Altaia. Reports of GAIMK 2: 25–61. Rudenko, S.I. 1953. Kultura naseleniya gornogo Altaya v skifskoye vremya. Moscow and Leningrad: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Rudenko, S.I. 1958. The Mythological Eagle, the Gryphon, the Winged Lion in the Art of Northern Nomads. Artibus Asiae 21/2: 101–22. Rudenko, S.I. 1960. Kultura naseleniya Tsentralnogo Altaya v skifskoe vremya. Moscow and Leningrad: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Rudenko, S.I. 1962a. Kultura gunnov i noinulinskiye kurgany. Moscow and Leningrad: Soviet Academy of Sciences (published in translation, 1969). Rudenko, S.I. 1962b. Sibirskaya kollektsiya Petra I. Arkheologiya SSSR. Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov: 3–9. Moscow and Leningrad: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Rudenko, S.I. 1968. Drevneyshie v mire khudozhestvennye kovry i tkani. Moscow: ‘Artiya’. Rudenko, S.I. 1969. Die Kultur der Hsiung-Nu und die Hügelgräber von Noin Ula. Bonn: Rudolf Habelt (translated reprint of Rudenko 1962a). Rudenko, S.I. 1970. Frozen Tombs of Siberia: The Pazyryk Burials of Iron Age Horsemen. London and Berkeley: J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd and University of California Press (translated by M.W. Thompson). Ruev, V.L. 2011. Nakonechniki osmanskikh strel po rezul’tatam issledovaniya ukrepleniya No. 14 glavnoy linii oborony Mangupa v 2007 g. Uchenyye zapiski Tavricheskogo natsional’-nogo universiteta im. V.I. Vernadskogo (Istoricheskiye nauka) 24 (63)/1: 109– 26. Rung, E. and O. Gabelko 2018. The Scythian Expedition of Darius I and the Old Persian Inscription for Phanagoreia. Vestnik drevnei istorii 78/4: 847-69. Runnels, C. 1995. Environmental Degradation in Ancient Greece. Scientific American 272/3 (March): 96–99. Rusakova, I.D. 2016. Predvaritelnye rezultaty obsledovaniya petroglifov Boyarskogo khrebta v 2011–2014 g., in O.S. Sovetova (ed.) Arkheologiya Yuzhnoy Sibiri 27: 101–14. Kemerovo. Rush, A. 1996. Professor Sir Harold Bailey. The Independent 12th January: 12. Russell, J.R. 1983. Review of H.W. Bailey, The Culture of the Sakas in Ancient Iranian Khotan. Iran-Nameh 1: 678–85. Russell, J.R. 2004. On mysticism and esotericism among the Zoroastrians. Armenian and Iranian Studies: 53152. Cambridge (MA): NELC, Harvard-NAASR. 740 Bibliography Ryabkova, T.V. 2010. Klassifikatsia izobrazheniy s rombovidnymi znakami na predmetakh predskifskogo i ranneskifskogo vremeni, in M.B. Muzhokhoev (ed.) Problemy khronologii i periodizatsii arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov i kultur severnogo Kavkaza: Tezisy dokladov: 309–12. Magas: Piligrim. Ryabkova, T.V. 2014а. Izdeliya s peregorodchatoy inkrustatsiey v predskifskikh i ranneskifskikh pamyatnikakh, in Trudy IV (XX) Vserossiyskogo arkheologicheskogo syezda v Kazani: vol. II, 163–68. Kazan: ‘Otechestvo’. Ryabkova, T.V. 2014b. Kurgan 524 u s. Zhabotin v sisteme pamyatnikov perioda skifskoy arkhaiki. Rossiysky arkheologichesky ezhegodnik 4: 236–77. St. Petersburg: 'University Publishing Consortium'. Ryabkova, T.V. 2014c. Tri kostyanykh psaliya iz Prikubanya v kollektsii Ermitazha. Archaeological News 20: 205–16. St. Petersburg: ‘Art-Express’. Ryabkova, T.V. 2015. Poseleniye Tarasova Balka pamyatnik rannego zheleznogo veka v Zakubanye (predvaritelnaya publikatsiya). Transactions of the State Hermitage 77: 359–74. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Publishing. Ryabkova, T.V. 2016. Navershiya s sharovidnymi proreznymi bubentsami iz ranneskifskikh pamyatnikov Zakubanya, in A.S. Balakhvantsev and S.V. Kullanda (eds) Kavkaz i step na rubezhe epokhi bronzy i rannego zheleza: 215–21. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Eastern Studies. Ryabkova, T.V. and E.Yu. Loginova 2013. Keramichesky compleks Kostromskogo (1-ogo Razmennogo) kurgana (predvaritelnaya publikatsiya). Shestaya mezhdunarodnaya kubanskaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya: 370–74. Krasnodar: Ekoinvest. Sahlins, M. 1963. Poor Man, Rich Man, Big-Man, Chief: Political Types in Melanesia and Polynesia. Comparative Studies in Society and History 5/3: 285– 303. Sajjadi, S.M.S. 2007. Wall Painting from Dahaneh-ye Gholaman (Sistan). Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 13/1–2: 129–54. Salmony, A. 1933. Sino-Siberian Art in the Collection of C.T. Loo. Paris: C.T. Loo. Salzman, P.C. 2002. Pastoral nomads: some general observations based on research in Iran. Journal of Anthropological Research 58: 245–64. Samashev, Z.S. 2007. Die Fürstengräber von Berel, in W. Menghin (ed.) Im Zeichen des goldenen Greifen. Königsgräber der Skythen: 132–38. Munich / Berlin / London / New York: Prestel. Samashev, Z.S. 2012. The Berel kurgans: some results of investigation, in S. Stark, K.S. Rubinson, Z. Samashev and J.Y. Chi (eds) Nomads and Networks. The Ancient Art and Culture of Kazakhstan: 31–49. New York and Princeton: Institute for the Study of the Ancient World and Princeton University Press. Samashev, Z. and V. Mylnikov 2004. Woodworking of Ancient Cattle-Breeders of Kazakh Altai. Materials of Complex Analysis of Wooden Objects from Barrow 11 of Berel Burial Ground. Almaty: ExxonMobil. Samashev, Z.S., A.S. Ermolaeva and T.M. Teplovodskaya 1999. Poseleniye Toksanbay na Ustyurte. Izvestiya Ministerstva nauki i vyshego obrazovaniya Respubliki Kazakhstan, Natsional’noy Akademii Nauk Respubliki Kazakhstan, Seriya obshchestvennykh nauk 1 (219): 49–69. Samashev, Z.S., H.-P. Francfort, A.S. Ermolaeva, G.S. Zhumabekova, E. Gij, S. Sungataj, Zh.M. Zhetybaev and G.K. Omarov 1998. Issledovanie kultury drevnykh kochevnikov kazakhstanskogo Altaya, in A.T. Toleubaev (ed.) Problemy izucheniya i sokhraneniya istoricheskogo naslediya: 174–202. Almaty: Almaty University. Samashev, Z.S., G.A. Bazarbaeva and G.S. Zhumabekova 2002. Die ‘goldhütenden greife’ des Herodot und die archäologische Kultur der Früheren Nomaden im Kazachischen Altai. Skythenzeit-liche Kurgane von Berel und Tar-Asu. Eurasia Antiqua 8: 237–77. Samashev, Z.S., G.A. Bazarbaeva, G.S. Zhumabekova and H.-P. Francfort 2000a. Le kourgane de Berel’ dans l’Altaï kazakhstanais. Arts Asiatiques 55: 5–20. Samashev, Z.S., G.A. Bazarbaeva, G.S. Zhumabekova and S. Sungataj 2000b. Berel. Almaty: Fond Berel. Samashev, Z., A. Nagler, H. Parzinger and M. Navrot 2009. Sovmestnyye germansko-kazakhskie issledovaniya bolshih sakskih kurganov Semirechya, in N.Yu. Limberis (ed.) Piataya Kubanskaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya: Materialy konferentsii: 350–52. Krasnodar: Kuban State University. Samolin, W. 1964. East Turkistan to the Twelfth Century: a brief political survey. The Hague: Mouton and Co. Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. 1983. Exit Atossa: Images of Women in Greek Historiography on Persia, in A. Cameron and A. Kuhrt (eds) Images of Women in Antiquity: 20–33. London: Routledge. Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. 1995. Persian Food: Stereotypes and Political Identity, in J. Wilkins (ed.) Food in Antiquity: 286–302. Exeter: Exeter University Press. Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. 1998. Baji, in M. Brosius and A. Kuhrt (eds) Studies in Persian History: Essays in Memory of David M. Lewis (Achaemenid History 11): 22-34. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten. Sankalia, H.D. 1970. Some Aspects of Prehistoric Technology in India. New Delhi: National Academy of Sciences. Sargent, R.A. and D.K. Ousterhout 1983. Ocular manifestations of skeletal disease, in R.D. Harley (ed.) Pediatric Ophthalmology: 1030–52. London: W.B. Saunders (second edition). Sarianidi, V.I. 1985. L’or de la Bactriane. Fouilles de la nécropole de Tillia-tepe en Afghanistan septentrional / Bactrian Gold. Excavations of the Tillya-tepe cemetery in northern Afghanistan. Leningrad: Aurora. Sarianidi, V.I. 1989. Khram i nekropol’ Tillyatepe. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. 741 Bibliography Sarianidi, V.I. 1990a. Drevnosti strany Margush. Ashgabat: ‘Ilym’. Sarianidi, V.I. 1990b. The Golden Hoard of Bactria. National Geographic 177/3 (March): 50–75. Sarianidi, V.I. 1998. Margiana and Protozoroastrism. Athens: Kapon. Sarianidi, V.I. 2001. Nekropol’ Gonura i iranskoye yazychestvo. Moscow: ‘Mir’ media. Sarianidi, V.I. 2002. Margush. Drevnevostochkoye tsarstvo v staroy del’te reki Murgab / Margush. Ancient Oriental Kingdom in the Old Delta of the Murghab river / Marguş. Murgap derýasynyń aýagyndaky gadymy gündogar şalygy. Aşgabat: Türkmen döwlethabarlary. Sarianidi, V.I. 2005. Gonur-Depe. Gorod tsarey i bogov / Goňurdepe. City of Kings and Gods / Goňurdepe. Şalaryň we hudaýlaryň şäheri. Aşgabat: Miras. Sarianidi, V.I. 2007. Necropolis of Gonur. Athens: Kapon. Sarianidi, V.I. 2009. Margush. Tayna t pravda velikoy kultury / Margush. Mystery and truth of the great culture / Marguş. Beýik medeniýetiň syrlar dünýäsi we onuň kakyky keşbi. Aşgabat: Türkmen döwlet neşirýat gullugy. Sarianidi, V.I. 2011. Tillya Tepe, the Hill of Gold: A Nomad Necropolis, in F. Hiebert and P. Cambon (eds) Afghanistan. Crossroads of the Ancient World: 219–31. London: British Museum Press. Sarianidi, V.I. and G.A. Koshelenko 1982. Monety iz raskopok nekropolja, raspoložennogo na gorodišče Tillja-tepe, in G.M. Bongard-Levin (ed.) Drevnyaya Indiya. Istoriko-kulturnye svyazi: 307–18. Moscow: ‘Oriental Literature’, Russian Academy of Sciences. Sarre, F. 1921. L’art de la Perse ancienne. Paris: G. Crès and Cie (translated by P. Budry). Sass, B. 2000. Matchlocks, Flintlocks, and Saltpetre: The Chronological Implications for the Use of Matchlock Muskets among Ottoman-Period Bedouin in the Southern Levant. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 4/3 (September): 191–216. Satlow, M. (ed.) 2013. The Gift in Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Savage-Landor, A.H. 1902. Across Coveted Lands: A Journey from Flushing (Holland) to Calcutta Overland. London: Macmillan. Savenkov, I.T. 1910. O drevnih pamyatnikah izobrazitelnogo iskusstva na Enisee. Sravnitelnye arkheologo-etnograficheskie ocherki, in Trudy XIV Arkheologicheskogo sezda v Chernigove: vol. 1, 119–31. Moscow: Typography of G. Lissner and D. Sobko. Savinov, D.G. 1995. Tesinskie ‘labirinty’ (po materialam mogilnika Esino III, in V.V. Bobrov (ed.) Drevnee iskusstvo Azii. Petroglify: 22–32. Kemerovo: Kemerovo State University. Savinov, D.G. 2002. Ranniye kochevniki Verkhnego Eniseya. Arkheologicheskiye kultury i culturogenez. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University Press. Savinov, D.G. 2009. Minusinskaya provintsiya khunnu (po materialam arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 1984– 1989 gg.). St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture and St. Petersburg State University. Savinov, D.G. 2012. Izobrazitel’nye pamyatniki ranneskifskogo vremeni: iskusstvo kompozitsii, in O.S. Sovetova and G.G. Korol (eds) Izobrazitel’nye i tekhnologicheskie traditsii v iskusstve Severnoy i Tsentral’noy Azii (Trudy Sibirskoi Assotsiastii Issledovatelei Pervobytnogo Iskusstva) 9: 35–55. Moscow and Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat. Savinov, D.G. and M.L. Podolsky (eds) 1997. Okunevsky sbornik-2. Kultura i ee okruzheniye. St. Petersburg: Petro Rif. Sax, M. 1996. Recognition and Nomenclature of Quartz Materials with specific reference to Engraved Gemstones. Jewellery Studies 7: 63–72. Schaefer, H. 1943. Hellenistic Textiles in Northern Mongolia. American Journal of Archaeology 47/3: 266– 77. Schiltz, V. 1994. Les Scythes et les nomades des steppes. 8e siècle avant J.-C. 1er siècle après J.-C. (L’univers des formes). Paris: Gallimard. Schiltz, V. 1999. Tilla tepe en Bactriane, in P. Chuvin (ed.) Les arts de l’asie centrale: 70–71. Paris: Citadelles et Mazenod. Schiltz, V. 2006. Tillia tepe, la ‘Colline de l’or’, une nécropole nomade, in P. Cambon and J.-F. Jarrige (eds) Afghanistan, les trésors retrouvés. Collections du musée national de Kaboul: 69–79, 270–83. Paris: Éditions du Réunion des musées nationaux. Schiltz, V. 2012. Le coeur and le lierre, une expression du pouvoir à Tillia Tépé, in V. Lefèvre (ed.) Orientalismes. De l’archéologie au musée. Mélanges offerts à JeanFrançois Jarrige (Indicopleustoi 9): 335–53. Turnhout: Brepols. Schimmelpfennig, M. and G. Kossack 1992. Datierung durch die Ausgräber, in Tian Guangjin and Guo Suxin (eds) Maoqinggou: ein eisenzeitliches Gräberfeld in der Ordos-Region (Innere Mongolei) (MAVA 50): 15– 28. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Schlumberger, D. 1971. La coiffure du Grand roi. Syria 48/1–2: 375–83. Schmidt, E.E. 1953. Persepolis I: Structures, Reliefs, Inscriptions (Oriental Institute Publications 68). Chicago: The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. Schmidt, E.E. 1957. Persepolis II: Contents of the Treasury and Other Discoveries (Oriental Institute Publications 69). Chicago: The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. Schmidt, P., L. Bellot-Gurlet, A. Slodczyk and F. Fröhlich 2012. A hitherto unrecognised band in the Raman spectra of silica rocks: influence of hydroxylated Si–O bonds (silanole) on the Raman moganite band in chalcedony and flint (SiO2). Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 39/6: 455–64. Schmidt, P., L. Bellot-Gurlet, V. Léa and P. Sciau 2013. Moganite detection in silica rocks using Raman and infrared spectroscopy. European Journal of Mineralogy 25/5: 797–805. 742 Bibliography Schmitt, R. 1990. Candys, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 4/7: 757–58. Schmitt, R. 1991. The Bisitun Inscriptions of Darius the Great: Old Persian text (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum I.I). London: School of Oriental and African Studies. Schmitt, R. 2000. The Old Persian Inscriptions of Naqsh-i Rustam and Persepolis (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum I.II). London: School of Oriental and African Studies. Schmitt, R. 2002. Greece xii. Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 11/4: 357–60. Schmitt, R. 2004. Haumavargā, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopædia Iranica 12: 63-64. Schmitt, R. 2018. Scythian language, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica, accessed 10th April 2018, <http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ scythianlanguage>. Schopen, G. 1997. Bones, Stones, and Buddhist Monks. Collected papers on the archaeology, epigraphy, and texts of monastic Buddhism in India (Studies in the Buddhist traditions). Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press. Schorta, R. 2001. A group of Central Asia woolen textiles in the Abegg-Stiftung collection, in D. Keller and R. Schorta (eds) Fabulous Creatures from the Desert Sand. Central Asian Woolen Textiles from the Second Century BC to the Second Century AD (Riggisberger Berichte 10): 79–114. Riggisberg: Abegg Stiftung. Schultz, M., H. Parzinger, D.V. Posdnjakov, T.A. Chikisheva and T.H. Schmidt-Schultz 2007. Oldest known case of metastasizing prostate carcinoma diagnosed in the skeleton of a 2,700‐year‐old Scythian king from Arzhan (Siberia, Russia). International Journal of Cancer 121/12 (December): 2591–95. Schulz, P.N. 1976. Skifskie izvayaniya, in I.B. Brashinsky (ed.) Khudozhestvennaya kultura i arkheologiya antichnogo mira: 218–31. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Schweppe, H. 1989. Identification of Red Madder and Insect Dyes by Thin-Layer Chromatography, in S. Haig Zeronian and H.L. Needles (eds) Historic Textile and Paper Materials. II, Conservation and Characterization of Textiles (American Chemical Society Symposium Series 410): 188–219. Washington: American Chemical Society. Scott, J.C. 2017. Against the Grain. New Haven: Yale University Press. Sdykov, M.N. and Ya. Lukpanova 2013. Rannie kochevniki Zapadnogo Kazakhstana (na primere komplexa Taksai I). Ural’sk: Poligrafservis. Seifert, M. and I.Ju. Slyusarenko 1996. Dendrochronologische Daten von Gräbern der Pazyryk-Kultur (5./4/ Jh. v. Chr.) im Altai. Dendrochronologia 14: 153–64. Sekerskaya, E.L. 1992. Analiz ostatkov loshadey iz kurganov skifskoy znati. Drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomor’ya i Kryma 3: 187–91. Sekunda, N.V. 2010. Changes in Achaemenid Royal Dress, in J. Curtis and St J. Simpson (eds) The World of Achaemenid Persia. History, Art and Society in Iran and the Ancient Near East: 256–72. London: I.B. Tauris. Selbitschka, A. 2010. Prestigegüter entlang der Seidenstraße? Archäologische und historische Untersuchungen zu Chinas Beziehungen zu Kulturen des Tarimbeckens vom zweiten bis frühen fünften Jahrhundert nach Christus (Asiatische Forschungen 154). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Semyonov, V.A. 1979. Arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki kontsa 1 tys. do n.e. v Sayanskom kanyone Eniseya, in A.I. Martynov (ed.) Problemy skifo-sibirskogo kulturno-istoricheskogo edinstva. Tezisy dokladov vsesoyuznoy arkheologicheskoy konferentsii: 87–89. Kemerovo: Kemerovo State University. Sergatskov, I.V. 2000. Final rannesarmatskoy kultury: khronologiya i problemy yetnicheskoy istorii sarmatov na rubezhe er, in Rannesarmatskaya kultura: formirovanie, razvitie, khronologiya. Materialy IV mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii ‘Problemy sarmatskoj arkheologii i istorii’: vol. I, 150–57. Samara: SNC RAN. Serruys, H. 1974. Mongol ‘Qorii’: reservation. Mongolian Studies 1: 76–91. Sevin, V. 1988. The Oldest Highway between the Regions of Van and Elazig in Eastern Anatolia. Antiquity 62/236: 547–51. Shaanxi Sheng Qinyong Kaogudui 1991. Qin Shihuang ling yihao tong chema qingli jianbao [Brief report on the excavation of bronze chariot no. 1 from the mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin]. Wenwu 1: 1–13. Shaanxi Sheng Kaogu Yanjiusuo 2004. Qindu Xianyang kaogu baogao [Archaeological report on the investigations and excavations at the ancient Qin captial of Xianyang]. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe. Shaanxi Sheng Kaogu Yanjiuyuan, Baoji Shi Wenwu Luyouju 2014. Zhouye luming: Baoji Shigushan Xi Zhou guizu mu chutu qingtongqi [Noble life of the Zhou: bronzes unearthed from the cemetery of the Western Zhou aristocrats at Shigushan of Baoji]. Shanghai: Shanghai shuhua chubanshe. Shablavina, E.A. 2015. Tekhnichesky osmotr metallicheskikh predmetov iz mogilnika Taksai-I, kurgana 6, in M.N. Sdykov (ed.) Voprosy istorii i arkheologii Zapadnogo Kazakhstana 2: 226–34. Uralsk: Poligrafservis. Shao Anding, Mei Jianjun, Yang Junchang, Chen Kunlong and Sun Weigang 2014. Qin Shihuangdi lingyuan chutu qingtong shuiqin de buzhui gongyi ji xiangguan wenti chutan [The patch-repairing technique of the bronze waterfowls unearthed in the precinct of Emperor Qinshihuang’s mausoleum site and a preliminary study on the relevant issues]. Kaogu 7: 96–104. Shaverbi, E. 2019. An Inscription of Darius I from Phanagoria (DFa): Preliminary report of a work in progress. ARTA 5: 1–15. 743 Bibliography Shcheglov, A.N. 1990. Severopontiiskay torgovlya hlebom vo vtoroi polovine VII–V vv. do n.e.: pis’mennye istochniki i arkeologiya, in O.D. Lordkipanidze (ed.) Prichemomor’e VII–V vv. do n.e.: 99–121. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. Shelach-Lavi, G. 2014. Steppe Land Interactions and Their Effects on Chinese Cultures during the Second and Early First Millennia BCE, in R. Amitai and M. Biran (eds) Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change: The Mongols and Their Eurasian Predecessors: 10–31. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press. Sheldon, J. 2002. Harold Walter Bailey, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica, accessed 25th April 2018, <http://www.iranicaonline. org/articles/ baileyharold-walter-1>. Shemakhanskaya, М.S. 2015. Metally i veshchi. Istoriya. Svoystva. Razrusheniye. Restavratsiya. Мoscow: ‘Indrik’. Shemakhanskaya, М., M. Treister and L. Yablonsky 2009. The technique of gold inlaid decoration on the 5th–4th centuries BC silver and iron finds from the early Sarmatian barrows of Filippovka, Southern Urals. ArcheoSciences, revue d`archéométrie 33: 211– 20. Sher, Ya.A. 1980. Petroglify Srednej i Central’noj Azii. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Sher, Ya.A. 1992. A propos des origines du ‘style animalier’. Arts Asiatiques 47: 5–18. Sher, Ya.A. 1993. ‘Gospodin konej’ na beregu Eniseja, in M.B. Schukin (ed.) Skify. Sarmaty. Slavjane. Rus’ (Peterburgskiy arkheologicheskij vestnik) 6: 17–22. St. Petersburg: ‘Farn’. Sher, Ya.A. 1998. O vozmozhnykh istokakh skifosibirskogo zverinogo stilya. Voprosy arkheologii Kazakhstana 1998/2: 218–30. Almaty and Moscow: Gylym. Sher, Ya.A. 2000. O datirovke kurgana Arzhan i o nekotoryh bolee obschih voprosah. Vestnik Sibirskoi assotsiastii issledovatelei pervobytnogo iskusstva 2: 25– 29. Sher, Ya.A., N. Blednova, N. Legchilo and D. Smirnov 1994. Oglakhty I–III (Russie, Khakassie) (Répertoire des pétroglyphes d’Asie Centrale, fascicule 1: Siberie du Sud 1). Paris: de Boccard. Sherratt, A. 1981. Plough and pastoralism: aspects of the secondary products revolution, in I. Hodder, G. Isaac and N. Hammond (eds) Pattern of the past. Studies in honour of David Clarke: 261–305. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Shevchenko, N.F. 2011. Stepi Prikubanya i siraki v IV– III vv. do n.e. Istoriko-arkheologicheskij almanakh 10: 44–57. Armavir and Krasnodar. Shirin, Yu.V. 2003. Verkhnee Priobye i predgorya Kuznetskogo Alatau v nachale 1 tysyacheletiya n.e. (pogrebalniye pamyatniki fominskoy kultury). Novokuznetsk: ‘Kuznetsk Fortress’. Shishegar, A. 2015. Tomb of the Two Elamite Princesses of The House of King Shutur-Nahunte son of Indada, Neo-Elamite Period, Phase IIIB (ca. 585–539 B.C.). Tehran: Iranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organisation. Shishlina, N.I. and F.T. Hiebert 1998. The steppe and the sown. Interaction between Bronze Age and Early Iron Age nomads and agriculturalists, in V.H. Mair (ed.) The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of eastern Central Asia (Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph 26): 222–37. Washington D.C.: Journal of Indo-European Studies. Shishlina, N., S. Pankova, V. Sevastyanov, O. Kuznetsova and Yu. Demidenko 2016. Pastoralists and mobility in the Oglakhty cemetery of southern Siberia: new evidence from stable isotopes. Antiquity 90/351: 679–94. Shishlina, N.I., J. Van der Plicht, R.E.M. Hedges, E.P. Zazovskaya, V.S. Sevastyanov and O.A. Chichagova 2007. The Catacomb cultures of the north-west Caspian steppe: 14C chronology, reservoir effect, and paleodiet. Radiocarbon 49: 713–26. Shramko, B.A. 1984. Iz istorii skifskogo vooruzheniya, in E.V. Chernenko (ed.) Vooruzhenie skifov i sarmatov: 22–38. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Shramko, B.A. 1987. Bel’skoe gorodische skifskoi epohi (gorod Gelon). Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Shramko, B.A. and Z.V. Yanushevich 1985. Kulturnye rasteniya Skifii. Sovetskaya arkheologiya 1985/2: 47– 64. Shramko, I.B. 1992. Ob odnom tipe mechey skifskoy epokhi, in V.K. Mikheev (ed.) Istoriya i arkheologiya Slobodskoy Ukrainy: 221–23. Kharkov: Kharkov State University. Shulga, P.I. 2008. Snaryazheniye verkhovoy loshadi i voinskiye poyasa na Altaye, 1: ranneskifskoye vremya. Barnaul: Azbuka. Shulga, P.I. 2010. Sintszyan v VIII–III vv. do n.e. (Pogrebalniye kompleksy. Khronologiya i periodizatsiya). Barnaul: Altai State University Press. Shulga, P.I. 2011. Osobennosti etnokulturnykh protsessov na territorii Sintszyana (Kitay) v VIII– III vv. do n.e., in N.A. Makarov and E.N. Nosov (eds) Trudy III (XIX) Arkheologicheskogo syezda: vol. 1, 407– 408. St. Petersburg / Moscow / Veliky Novgorod: ‘Novgorod technopark’. Shulga, P.I. 2013a. Osobennosti ugasaniya i transformatsii ranneskifskikh kultur v VI v. do n.e. na vostoke Evrazii (k postanovke problemy). Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 3/23: 319– 23. Shulga, P.I. 2013b. Mogilnik Yuhuangmiao i kochevnicheskie kultury Yuzhnoy Sibiri. Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy 19: 382–86. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Shulga, P.I. 2013c. Kharakteristike kamenskoy kultury, in Voprosy arkheologii i istorii Yuga Zapadnoj Sibiri: 161–73. Barnaul: Altai State Pedagogical University. 744 Bibliography Shulga, P.I. 2015a. Skotovody Gornogo Altaya v skifskoe vremya (po materialam poselenii). Novosibirsk: Novosobirsk State University Press. Shulga, P.I. 2015b. Mogilnik Yuhuangmiao v Severnom Kitae (VII–VI veka do nashey ery). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Shulga, P.I. and D.P. Shulga 2015. Mogilnik Saensai ranneskifskogo vremeni u g. Urumqi (Sintszyan, Kitay). Trudy gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. Arkheologiya bez granits: kollektsii, problemy, issledovaniya, gipotezy 77: 512–33. Shulga, P.I., D.P. Shulga and E.A. Girchenko 2014. Proiskhozhdeniye skifoidnoy kultury maozingou (Severnyy Kitay), in A.P. Derevyanko and V.I. Molodin (eds) Problemy arkheologii, etnografii i antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy 20: 321– 24. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Siamak, M.N. 2018. Jagd- und Kampfszenen auf den achämenidischen Siegeln. Berlin: Akademiker Verlag. Sideris, A. 2016. A Lydian Silver Amphora with Zoomorphic Handles. Studia Hercynia 20/1: 19–26. Sievers, S. 1982. Die mitteleuropäischen Hallstattdolche: Ein Beitrag zur Waffenbeigabe im Westhallstattkreis (Kleine Schriften aus dem Vorgeschichtlichen Seminar Marburg 7). Munich: C.H. Beck. Sievers, S. 2002. Istoricheskiye zapiski: Shi tszi. Moscow: ‘Oriental Literature’, Russian Academy of Sciences (translation by R.V. Vyatkin and A.M. Karapetyants). Simonenko, A.V. 1991. Sarmatskie pogrebeniye s tamgami na territorii Olviskogo gosudarstava. Arkheologia 1991/1: 106–18. Simonenko, A.V. 1993. Sarmaty Tavrii. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Simonenko, A.V. 2000. Osobennosti rannesarmatskoj kultury Severnogo Prichernomorya. Rannesarmatskaja kultura: formirovanie, razvitie, khronologiya. Materialy IV mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii ‘Problemy sarmatskoy arkheologii i istorii’: vol. 1, 158– 66. Samara: SNC RAN. Simonenko, A.V. 2003. ‘Problema III v. do n.je.’ – variant reshenija? Nizhnevolzhskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik 6: 297–303. Simonenko, A.V. 2008. Sarmatskiye katafractarii: nauchny folklor i vozmozhnosti issledovaniya. Nizhnevolzhsky arkheologicheskiy vestnik 9: 272–87. Simonenko, A.V. 2010. Sarmatskiye vsadniki Severnogo Prichernomorya. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University Press. Simonenko, A.V. 2015. Sarmatskie vsadniki Severnogo Prichernomoria. Kiev: Oleg Filjuk. Simpson, St J. 1997. Bone, ivory, and shell: Artifacts of the Persian through Roman periods, in E.M. Meyers (ed.) The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East: vol. 1, 343–48. New York: Oxford University Press (five volumes). Simpson, St J. 2001. Observations on Early Iron Age beads from Luristan. Bead Study Trust Newsletter 36 (winter): 6–10. Simpson, St J. 2003a. Sasanian Beads: the evidence of art, texts and archaeology, in I.C. Glover, H. HughesBrock and J. Henderson (eds) Ornaments from the Past: Bead Studies after Beck: 59–78. Bangkok and London: The Bead Study Trust. Simpson, St J. 2003b. From Mesopotamia to Merv: reconstructing patterns of consumption in Sasanian households, in T. Potts, M. Roaf and D. Stein (eds) Culture through Objects: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honour of P.R.S. Moorey: 347–75. Oxford: Griffith Institute. Simpson, St J. 2004. Glass and small finds from Sasanian contexts at the ancient city-site of Merv, in V.I. Nikonorov (ed.) Tsentralnoy Azii ot Akhemenidov do Timuridov. Arkheologiya, istoriya, etnologiya, kultury. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy stoletney sobraniya Aleksandr Markovich: 232–38. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences and State Hermitage Museum. Simpson, St J. 2005. The Royal Table, in J. Curtis and N. Tallis (eds) Forgotten Empire. The World of Ancient Persia: 104–11. London: British Museum Press. Simpson, St J. 2012. Afghanistan: Crossroads of the Ancient World. Some recent Contributions by the British Museum to the Appreciation of and Research into Afghanistan’s Cultural Heritage. Orient II: 91–95. Simpson, St J. 2015. Sasanian Glassware from Mesopotamia, Gilan, and the Caucasus. Journal of Glass Studies 57: 77–96. Simpson, St J. 2018. Death in Mesopotamia: archaeological evidence for funerary ritual and burial practice during the Sasanian period, in S. Gondet and E. Haerinck (eds) L’Orient est son Jardin. Hommage à Rémy Boucharlat (Acta Iranica 58): 425–47. Louvain: Peeters. Simpson, St J. 2019. Nomads and monks, soldiers and sailors, farmers and fishermen: new archaeological insights into life in the Persian Gulf from late antiquity to the early medieval period, in A.A. Zolotova (ed.) Ex oriente Lux. Collected papers to mark the 75th anniversary of Mikhail Borisovich Piotrovsky: 288–335. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Publishers. Simpson, St J. forthcoming. The small finds, in D. Kennet et al. Kadhima: excavations and surveys in the bay of Kuwait. Simpson, St J. and E.V. Stepanova 2017. Eating, drinking and everyday life, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 153–63. London: Thames and Hudson. Simpson, St J. and S. Pankova (eds) 2017. Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia. London: Thames and Hudson. Sims-Williams, N. 1999. From the Kushan-Shahs to the Arabs. New Bactrian documents dated in the 745 Bibliography era of the Tochi inscriptions, in M. Alram and D.E. Klimburg-Salter (eds) Coins, Art, and Chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic History of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands: 245–58. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Sims-Williams, N. 2000 [2001]-2012. Bactrian documents from Northern Afghanistan, vol. I: Legal and Economic documents (revised edition); vol. II: Letters and Buddhist Texts; vol. III: Plates (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum II.VI). London: Nour Foundation. Sims-Williams, N. 2002. The Bactrian inscription on the seal of Khiṅgila. Silk Road Art and Archaeology 8: 143–48. Sims-Williams, N. and F. de Blois (with contributions by H. Falk and D. Weber) 2018. Studies in the Chronology of the Bactrian documents from Northern Afghanistan. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Sims-Williams, N. and G. Hewitt 1997. Sir Harold Bailey 1899–1996. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 60: 109–16. Sims-Williams, N., F. Grenet and A.N. Podushkin, A.N. 2007. Les plus anciens monuments de la langue sogdienne: les inscriptions de Kultobe au Kazakhstan. Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 151/2 (June): 1005– 34. Sims-Williams, U. 2004. Augustus Frederic Rudolph Hoernle, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 12: 418–20. New York: Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. Sinika, V.S. 2004. Artefakt s zoomorfnym navershiyem iz kurgana 31 mogilnika pozdneskifskogo vremeni u s. Glinoye, in D.G. Savinov (ed.) Izobrazitelnyye pamyatniki: stil, epokha, kompozitsii. Materialy tematicheskoy nauchnoy konferentsii: 138–42. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University. Sinitsyn, A.A. 2017. Kanaty i Mosty Greko-Persidskoj Vojny, in O.I. Gabelko, E.V. Rung, A.A. Sinitsyn and E.V. Smykov (eds) Iranica: Iranskie Imperii i GrekoRimskij Mir v VI v. do n.eh. – VI v. n.eh: 137–71. Kazan: Kazan State University. Sinor, D. 1978. The Greed of the Northern Barbarian, in L.V. Clark and P.A. Draghi (eds) Aspects of Altaic Civilization II (Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series 134): 171–82. Bloomington (IN): Indiana University. Sîrbu, V. 2004. Les Thraces entre les Carpates, les Balkans et la Mer Noire et leurs relations avec les populations voisines (Ve s. av. J. -C. – Ier s. apr. J.-C.). Quatre conférences données à la Sorbonne. Brăila: Istros. Sîrbu, V. and G. Florea 1997. Imaginar și imagine în Dacia preromană. Brăila: Istros. Sîrbu, V. and G. Trohani 1997. Cités et éstablissements fortifiés entre les Carpates Méridionales, le Danube et la mer Noire (Ve–IIIe siècles av. J.-C.), in P. Roman, S. Diamandi and M. Alexianu (eds) The Thracian World at the Crossroads of Civilizations: 512–39. București: Vavila Edinf SRL. Sîrbu, V. and G. Trohani 2007. La presénce du poisson dans l’art thrace. Ancient Civilisations and the Sea. Studia in Honorem Annorum LXX Mihaili Lazarov (Acta Musei Varnaensis 5): 207–19. Varna. Sircar, D.C. 1942. Select Inscriptions bearing on Indian History and Civilization. Volume I: From the sixth century BC to the sixth century AD. Calcutta (second edition, Delhi and Madras 1965: V.K. Publishing House). Sircar, D.C. 1983. Select Inscriptions bearing on Indian History and Civilization. Volume II: From the sixth to the eighteenth centuries AD. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. Sivolap, M. and O. Shelekhan 2014. Klinkova zbroya skifskogo chasu v zibranni Cherkaskogo kraeznavchogo muzeyu. Naukovi zapiski 21: 209–17. Kirovograd. Skjærvø, P.O. 1987. Aśoka, iv. the legend of Aśoka and the founding of Khotan, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 2: 783–85. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Skjærvø, P.O. 1989. Modern east Iranian languages, in R. Schmitt (ed.) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum: 370–83. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert. Skjærvø, P.O. 1991. Kings of Khotan in the eighth century, in P. Bernard and F. Grenet (eds) Histoire et cultes de l’Asie centrale préislamique: sources écrites et documents archéologique: 255–78. Paris: Éditions du CNRS. Skjærvø, P.O. 2002. Khotanese manuscripts from Chinese Turkestan in the British Library: a complete catalogue with texts and translations. (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum V.VI). London: The British Library. Skjærvø, P.O. 2003. Khotanese manuscripts from Chinese Turkestan in the British Library (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum V.VI). London: The British Library (revised edition). Skjærvø, P.O. 2004. Iranians, Indians, Chinese and Tibetans: the rulers and ruled of Khotan in the first millennium, in S. Whitfield and U. Sims-Williams (eds) The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith: 34–42. London: The British Library. Skjærvø, P.O. 2006. Iran, vi. Iranian languages and scripts: (2) documentation, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 13: 348–66. New York: Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. Skjærvø, P.O. 2009. Khotan, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica, accessed 27th October 2017, <http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ khotan>. Skjærvø, P.O. 2012. Khotan, an early center of Buddhism in Chinese Turkestan, in J. McRae and J. Nattier (eds) Buddhism Across Boundaries: the Interplay of Indian, Chinese, and Central Asian Source Materials (Sino-Platonic Papers 222): 106–41. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Skjærvø, P.O. 2016. Turks and Turkic in Khotanese texts from Khotan and Dunhuang, in É. Csató, L. Johanson, A. Róna-Tas and B. Utas (eds) Turks and Iranians: Interactions in Language and History: 13–28. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 746 Bibliography Skory, S.A. 1997. Steblev: skifskiy mogilnik v Porose. Kiev: Institute of Archaeology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Skory, S.A. 1999. Data bol’shogo Ryzhanovskogo kurgana (po arheologicheskim dannym), in G.N. Toschev (ed.) Problemy skifo-sarmatskoj arheologii Severnogo Prichernomor’ja (K 100-letiju B.N. Grakova): 240–41. Zaporozhye: Zaporozhskiy State University Press. Skory, S.A. 2005. Antichnaya keramicheskaya posuda iz bolshogo Ryizhanovskogo kurgana, in V.I. Gulyaev (ed.) Drevnosti Evrazii ot ranney bronzyi do rannego srednevekovya. Pamyati V.S. Olhovskogo: 535–46. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Skory, S.A. and Ya. Khokhorovsky 2009. Aristokraticheskij kurgan Skifskaja Mogila vblizi Motroninskogo gorodischa. Stratum plus 2005-2009/3: 234–76. Skory, S.A., Ya. Khokhorovsky, V.P. Grigoryev and Ya. Rydzevskaya 1999. Tsentral’naya mogila Bol’shogo Ryzhanovskogo kurgana. Archeologiya 1999/1: 94– 105. Skripkin, A.S. 1987. Problemy khronologii sarmatskoy kultury i ee istoricheskij aspekt, in V.P. Shilov (ed.) Zadachi arkheologii v svete reshenij XXVII sezda KPSS. Tezisy dokladov Vsesoyuznoy konferentsii. Suzdal: Academy of Sciences. Skripkin, A.S. 1990. Aziatskaja Sarmatija. Problemy khronologii i ee istoricheskij aspect. Saratov: University Publishing House. Skripkin, A.S. 2000. K probleme vydeleniya sarmatskih pamyatnikov Aziatskoy Sarmatii II–I vv. do n.e., in V.N. Myshkin (ed.) Rannesarmatskaya kultura: formirovanie, razvitie, khronologiya. Materialy IV mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii ‘Problemy sarmatskoy arkheologii i istorii’: vol. 1, 37–149. Samara: SNC RAN. Skripkin, A.S. 2005. Sarmatskie mechi s kolcevym navershiem, in I.V. Belotserkovskaya (ed.) II-e Gorodsovskie chteniya (Trudy GIM 145): 171–85. Moscow: GIM. Skripkin, A.S. and V.M. Klepikov 2004. Khronologii rannesarmatskoj kultury Nizhnego Povolzhya, in Sarmatskie kultury Evrazii: problemy regionalnoy khronologii. Doklady k 5-y mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii ‘Problemy sarmatskoy arkheologii i istorii’: 95–106. Krasnodar: OOO ‘Firma NSS’. Skripkin, A.S., V.M. Klepikov and M.G. Moshkova 2002. Ob odnoy popytke modernizatsii sarmatskoy periodizatsii. Rossiyskaya Arkheologiya 2002/1: 101– 12. Slyusarenko, I.Y. 2000. Dendrokhronologicheskiy analiz dereva iz pamyatnikov pazyrykskoy kultury Gornogo Altaya. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 4 (2000/4): 122–30. Smekalova, T.N. and A.V. Chudin 2009. Magnitnaya razvedka i nekotoryje naturnyje nablyudenija na kurgannoj gruppe Mamai Gora v Zaporozhskoj oblasti, in S.I. Andrukh and G.N. Toshchev (eds) Mogilnik Mamai Gora: vol. IV, 281–93. Zaporozhye: Zaporozhskiy State University Press. Smekalova, T.N., S.G. Koltukhov and Yu.P. Zaitsev 2015. Arkheologicheskie atlasy Severnogo Prichernomorya. Atlas pozdneskifskih gorodisch predgornogo Kryma. St. Peterburg: Aletejja. Smekalova, T., O. Voss, S. Smekalov, V. Myts and S. Koltukhov 2005. Magnetometric investigations of stone constructions within large ancient barrows of Denmark and Crimea. Geoarchaeology 20/5 (May): 461–82. Smirnov, K.F. 1959. Kurgany u sel Ilovatka i Politotdelskoe, in Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR [MIA 60]: 206–322. Moscow: Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. Smirnov, K.F. 1961. Vooruzheniye savromatov. Moscow: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Smirnov, K.F. 1964. Savromaty (rannyaya istoriya i kultura sarmatov). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Smirnov, K.F. 1975. Sarmaty na Ileke. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Smirnov, N.Yu. 2005. K voprosu o sostavnykh psaliyakh epokhi pozdney bronzy – nachala rannego zheleznogo veka na vostoke Evraziyskikh stepey, in A.A. Tishkin (ed.) Snaryazheniye kochevnikov Evrazii: 88–91. Barnaul: Altai State University Press. Smirnov, N.Yu. 2009. Nekotorye zamechaniya k voprosu o peredneaziatskikh importakh v komplekse kurgana Arzhan. Zapiski Instituta istorii materialnoy kultury 4: 110–21. St. Petersburg: ‘Dmitry Bulanin’ Press. Smirnov, N.Yu. 2014. ‘ἐν τούτῳ νίκα’ ili ob odnom proisshestvii, sluchivshemsya so skifami pri ih vozvrashchenii iz Azii (Herod. IV. 1. 3, 3, 4), in M.O. Tarasenko (ed.) Doіslams’kij Bliz’kij Skhіd: Istorіya, Relіgіya, Kul’tura: 235–240. Kiev: Krymskyi Institute of Oriental Studies, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences. Smith, A. 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Dublin: Whitestone. So, J.F. 2014. Foreign/Eurasian elements in pre-imperial Qin culture: Materials, techniques and types, in Liu Yang (ed.) Beyond the First Emperor’s Mausoleum: New Perspectives on Qin Art: 192–211. Seattle: University of Washington Press. So, J.F. and E.C. Bunker 1995. Traders and Raiders on China’s Northern Frontier. Seattle and London: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution in association with the University of Washington Press. Soloviov, A.I. 2003. Oruzhiye i dospekhi. Sibirskoye vooruzheniye ot kamennogo veka do srednevekovya. Novosibirsk: Infolio Press. Solovyov, S. 1999. Ancient Berezan: The Architecture, History, and Culture of the First Greek Colony in the Northern Black Sea (Colloquia Pontica 4). Leiden: E.J. Brill. Sono, T. and S. Fukai 1968. Dailaman III. The excavations at Hassani Mahale and Ghalekuti 1964 (The Tokyo University Iraq–Iran Archaeological Expedition 747 Bibliography Report 8). Tokyo: The Institute of Oriental Culture, The University of Tokyo. Sooke, A. 2017. Feared, loathed, admired … and then forgotten. The Daily Telegraph, Review 26th August: 14–15. Sorokin, S.S. 1968. Drevniye kamennye izvayaniya Yuzhnogo Altaya. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1968/1: 260–62. Sorokin, S.S. 1969. Bolshoy Berelskiy kurgan (polnoe izdanie materialov raskopok 1865 i 1959 g.). Trudy gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 9: 208–36. Sorokin, S.S. 1978. Otrazheniye mirovozzreniya rannikh kochevnikov Azii v pamyatnikakh materialnoy kultury. Kultura Vostoka. Drevnost i rannee srednevekovye: 172–91. Leningrad: Aurora. Sosnovsky, G.P. 1933. O nakhodkakh Oglakhtinskogo mogilnika, in N.Ya. Marr (ed.) Problemy istorii materialnoy kultury 7/8: 34–41. Leningrad: State Academy of the History of Material Culture. Soucek, S. 2000. Tarim, in P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianques, C.E. Bosworth and E. van Donzel (eds) Encyclopaedia of Islam 10: 302 (second edition). Leiden: E.J. Brill. Șovan, O.L. 2016. Repertoriul arkheologic al yudețului Botoșani. Botoșani: Muzeul Județean Botoșani. Sovetova, O.S. 1987. O svoeobraznyh izobrazhenijah konej so skal Oglahty, in A.I. Martynov and V.I. Molodin (eds) Skifo-sibirskiy mir. Iskusstvo i ideologiya: 139–43. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Sovetova, O.S. 2005. Petroglify tagarskoj epohi na Enisee (sjuzhety i obrazy). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Sovetova, O.S. 2006. ‘Gospodin konej’ na kuninskih skalah, in V.V. Bobrov (ed.) Arkheologiya Yuzhnoy Sibiri 24: 128–30. Kemerovo: Letopis’. Sovetova, O.S. and E.A. Miklashevich 1999. Khronologicheskie i stilisticheskie osobennosti sredneeniseyskih petroglifov, in V.V. Bobrov (ed.) Archeologiya, ethnografiya i muzeynoe delo: 47–74. Kemerovo: Kemerovo State University. Spaer, M. 1993. Gold-glass beads: a review of the evidence. Beads 5: 9–25. Spassky, G.I. 1857. O dostoprimechatelneyshih pamyatnikah sibirskih drevnostey i skhodstve nekotoryh iz nih s velikorusskimi, in G.N. Nebol’sin (ed.) Zapiski Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshhestva 12: 111–81. Speiser, N. 1983. The Manual of Braiding. Basel: Speiser. Spengler, R.N. 2019. Fruit from the Sands: the Silk Road Origins of the Foods we Eat. Oakland [CA]: University of California Press. Sprockhoff, E. 1934. Die germanischen Vollgriffschwerter der jüngeren Bronzezeit (Römisch-Germanische Forschungen 9). Berlin and Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter. Stambulnik, E.U. 1983. Noviye pamyatniki GunnoSarmatskogo vremeni b Tuve (nekotoriye itogi rabot), in V.M. Masson (ed.) Drevniye Kulturi Euraziiskih Stepei: 34–41. Leningrad: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Stan, D. and B. Constantinescu 2014. Analiza compozițională a unor artefacte geto-dacice de aur găsite în Muntenia și Moldova, in S. Forțiu and A. Cîntar (eds) Arkheovest II. In Honorem Gheorghe Lazarovici. Interdisciplinaritate în Arkheologie: 667–76. Szeged: JATEPress Kiadó. Stark, S. 2012. Nomads and networks: elites and their connections to the outside world, in S. Stark, K.S. Rubinson, Z.S. Samashev and J.Y. Chi (eds) Nomads and Networks: The Ancient Art and Culture of Kazakhstan: 106–39. New York and Princeton: Institute for the Study of the Ancient World and Princeton University Press. Stark, S., K.S. Rubinson, Z. Samashev and J.Y. Chi (eds) 2012. Nomads and Networks. The Ancient Art and Culture of Kazakhstan. New York and Princeton: Institute for the Study of the Ancient World and Princeton University Press. Stauffer, A. 2010. Textilfunde aus Aržan 2, in K. Chugunov, H. Parzinger and A. Nagler (eds) Der skythenzeitliche Fürstenkurgan Aržan 2 in Tuva (Archäologie in Eurasien 26 / Steppenvölker Eurasiens 3): 199–211. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Stavisky, B.Ya. 1986. Problèmes d’histoire de la Bactriane à la veille de la formation de l’état Kušān, in P. Bernard, M. Burda, F. Grenet and P. Leriche (translated and edited) La Bactriane sous les Kušāns: problèmes d’histoire et de culture: 113–26. Paris: Librairie d’Amérique et d’Orient (expanded and corrected edition). Steblin-Kamensky, I.M. 2009. Gaty Zaratushtry. Perevod s Avestiiskogo. Vstupitel’nye Stat’i, Kommentarii I Prilozhenia. St. Peterburg: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie. Steckel, R.H. and J.C. Rose (eds) 2002. The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Stein, G. 2002. From Passive Periphery to Active Agents: Emerging Perspectives in the Archaeology of InterRegional Interaction. American Anthropologist 104: 903–16. Stein, M.A. 1921. Serindia. Detailed Report of Explorations in Central Asian and Westernmost China. London: Oxford University Press. Stein, M.A. 1929. An Archaeological Tour in Waziristān and Northern Balūchistān (Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India 37). Calcutta: Government of India. Stepanova, E.V. 2004. Bosporskiye sedla, in V.Yu. Zuev (ed.) Bosporsky fenomen: Problemy khronologii i datirovki pamyatnikov. Materialy Mezhdunarodonoi nauchnoi konferentsii: Part 1, 231–46. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Stepanova, E.V. 2006. Evolyutsiya konskogo snaryazheniya i otnositelnaya khronologiya 748 Bibliography pamyatnikov pazyrykskoy kultury. Arkheologicheskiye vesti 13: 102–50. Stepanova, E.V. 2011. Sedla gunno-sarmatskogo vremeni – popytka reconstruktsii, in N.A. Makarov and E.N. Nosov (eds) Trudy III (XIX) Arkheologichesko syezda: vol. 1, 388–89. St. Petersburg / Moscow / Veliky Novgorod: ‘Novgorod technopark’. Stepanova, E.V. 2014. Kitayskie sedla III v. do n.e.– III v. n.e., in A.G. Sitdikov, N.A. Makarov and A.P. Derevyanko (eds) Trudy IV (XX) Arkheologichesko syezda: vol. 2, 235–40. Kazan: ‘Otechestvo’. Stepanova, E.V. 2017. Male headgear, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 112–13, cats 36–37. London: Thames and Hudson. Stepanova, E.V. and S.V. Pankova 2017. Personal appearance, in St J. Simpson and S. Pankova (eds) Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia: 88–97. London: Thames and Hudson. Stepanova, E.V. and A.I. Torgoev 2008. K atributsii dvukh sedel iz sobraniya gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, in A.A. Tuallogov (ed.) Otrazheniye tsivilizatsionnykh protsessov v arkheologicheskikh kulturakh Severnogo Kavkaza i sopredelnykh territoriy. Jubileinye XXV ‘Krupnovskie chtenija’: 354–56. Vladikavkaz: North Ossetia Institute of Humanitarian and Social Studies named after V.I. Abaev. Stepanova, N.F., E.B. Vadetskaya and A.V. Polyakov (eds) 2010. Afanas’evskij Sbornik 1. Barnaul: Azbuka. Stepanova, N.F., E.B. Vadetskaya and A.V. Polyakov (eds) 2012. Afanas’evskij Sbornik 2. Barnaul: Azbuka. Stetskovich, E.S. 1997. Khudozhniki Akademii nauk i Kunstkamery v xviii veke, in Kunstkamera. Etnograficheskie tetradi 11: 248–67. Stickler, T. 2007. Die Hunnen. Munich: C.H. Beck. Stockhammer, P. 2004. Zur Chronologie, Verbreitung und Interpretation urnenfelderzeitlicher Voll griff schwerter (Tübinger Texte, MUFA). Rahden: Marie Leidorf. Stodulski, L., E. Farrell and R. Newman 1984. Identification of ancient Persian pigments from Persepolis and Pasargadae. Studies in Conservation 29: 143–54. Stöllner, T. and Z. Samashev (eds) 2013. Unbekanntes Kasachstan. Archäologie im Herzen Asiens. Bochum: Deutsches Bergbau Museum (two volumes). Stronach, D.B. 1978. Pasargadae: A Report on the Excavations Conducted by the British Institute of Persian Studies from 1961 to 1963. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Stucky, R. 1985. Achämenidische Hölzer und Elfenbeine aus Ägypten und Vorderasien im Louvre. Antike Kunst 26/1: 7–32. Sulimirsky, T. 1970a. Prehistoric Russia. London: John Baker. Sulimirsky, T. 1970b. The Sarmatians. London: Thames and Hudson. Sulimirski T. and T. Taylor 1991. The Scythians, in Cambridge Ancient History 3/2: 547–90. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Summerer, L. 2007. Picturing Persian Victory: The Painted Battle Scene on the Munich Wood, in A. Ivantchik and V. Licheli (eds) Achaemenid Culture and Local Traditions in Anatolia, Southern Caucasus and Iran: 3–30. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Summerer, L. 2008. Imaging a Tomb Chamber. The Iconographic Program of the Tatarlı Wall Paintings, in S.M.R. Darbandi and A. Zournatzti, A. (eds) Ancient Greece and Ancient Iran. Cross-Cultural Encounters. Athens, 11–13 November 2006: 265–300. Athens: National Hellenic Research Foundation and Cultural Centre of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Summerer, L. 2010. Wall Paintings, in L. Summerer and A. von Kienlin (eds) Tatarlı: renklerin dönüşü / The return of colours / Rückkehr der Farben: 120. Istanbul: Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Summerer, L. and A. von Kienlin (eds) 2010. Tatarlı: renklerin dönüşü / The return of colours / Rückkehr der Farben. Istanbul: Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Sun Ji 1985. Zhongguo gu duzhou mache de jiegou [The structure of China’s ancient chariot with a single shaft]. Wenwu 8: 25–40. Sundermann, W. 1996. City-states in the Tarim Basin, in J. Herrmann and E. Zürcher (eds) History of Humanity: from the seventh century BC to the seventh century AD: vol. III, 469–71. Paris: UNESCO and Routledge. Suprunenko, O.B., V.M. Vadimov, V.V. Vozhdaenko, G.Yu. Ivakin, I.I. Korost, I.M. Kulatova, V.Yu. Murzin, O.V. Simonenko, A.A. Skory, O.M. Titova and G.I. Fasiy (eds) 2016. Fenomen Bilʹsʹkoho horodyshcha, 2016: Do 95-richchya vid dnya narodzhennya vyznachnoho ukrayinsʹkoho arkheoloha profesora B.A. Shramka (1921– 2012) ta 110-richchya vid pochatku arkheolohichnykh doslidzhenʹ Bilʹsʹkoho horodyshcha: Zbirnyk naukovykh pratsʹ i materialiv konferentsiyi. Kiev and Poltava: Centre for Monuments, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and UTOPI. Sutiagina, N.A. 2014. Ballodovsky kurgan (Noin-Ula, Severnaya Mongolia), in K.V. Chistyakov (ed.) Rossiyskoye izucheniye Tsentralnoy Azii: istoricheskiye i sovremenniye aspekty (k 150-letiyu P. K. Kozlova): 258– 77. St. Petersburg: Polytekhnika-servis. Sutiagina, N.A. and D.A. Kukina 2017. Kollektsiya nakhodok iz kurganov Noin-Uly (Severnaya Mongolia) na vystavke v Berline v 1929 godu, in N.N. Diakov and A.S. Matveev (eds) Aziya i Afrika: naslediye i sovremennost. XXIX Mezhdunarodny congress po istochnikovedeniyu i istoriografii stran Azii i Afriki: vol. 1, 332–34. St. Petersburg: NP-Print Studio. Sutiagina, N.A. and O.G. Novikova 2016. Kitayskaya lakovaya chashechka iz pogrebeniya ‘zolotogo cheloveka’ (po materialam mogil’nika Bugry v predgor’yakh Altaya). Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 44 (2016/4): 83–91. Sverchkov, L.M. 2007. Ellinisticheskaya krepost’ Kurganzol. Raskopki 2004 g. Trudy Baysunskoy 749 Bibliography Nauchnoy Ekspeditsii. Arkheologiya, Istoriya i Etnografiya 3: 31–66. Sverchkov, L.M. 2008. The Kurganzol Fortress (on the history of Central Asia in the Hellenistic era). Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 14/1–2: 123–91. Sverchkov, L.M. 2009. A history of research on ancient mining in Uzbekistan. Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan 41: 141–64. Sverchkov, L.M. 2013. Kurganzol – krepost’ Aleksandra na yuge Uzbekistana. Tashkent: SMI-ASIA. Svyatko, S.V. and A.Z. Beisenov 2017. Pervie izotopnie dannie o diete naseleniya tasmolinskoi kulturi. Samarskii naychnii vestnik 6/3 (20): 223–27. Svyatko, S.V., J.P. Mallory, E.M. Murphy, A.V. Polyakov, P.J. Reimer and R.J. Schulting 2009. New radiocarbon dates and a review of the chronology of prehistoric populations from the Minusinsk Basin, southern Siberia, Russia. Radiocarbon 51/1: 243–73. Svyatko, S.V., R.J. Schulting, J.P. Mallory, E.M. Murphy, P.J. Reimer, V.I. Khartanovich, Y.K. Chistov and M.V. Sablin 2013. Stable isotope dietary analysis of prehistoric populations from the Minusinsk Basin, southern Siberia, Russia: a new chronological framework for the introduction of millet to the eastern Eurasian steppe. Journal of Archaeological Science 40: 3936–45. Sylwan, V. 1941. Woollen textiles of the Lou-lan people (Reports from the Scientific Expedition to the North-Western provinces of China under the leadership of Dr Sven Hedin, VII. Archaeology 2: The Sino-Swedish expedition 15). Stockholm: Tryckeri Aktiebolaget Thule. Szemerényi, O. 1980. Four Old Iranian Ethnic Names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka (Sitzungsberichte, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Klasse 371). Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Szuchman, J. (ed) 2009. Nomads, tribes, and the state in the Ancient Near East. Cross-disciplinary perspectives (Oriental Institute Seminars 5). Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Szudy, M.J. 2015. Archery Equipment in the NeoAssyrian Period. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Vienna. Tairov, A.D. 2000. Rannii zhelezny vek, in N.O. Ivanova (ed.) Drevnyaya istoriya Yuzhnogo Zauralya t. 2: Rannii zhelezny vek i srednevekovje: 3–173. Chelyabinsk: South Ural State University Press. Taishan, Y. 1998. A Study of Saka History (Sino-Platonic Papers 80): 1–225. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Taishan, Y. 2014. The name Sakā (Sino-Platonic Papers 251): 1–13. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Tallgren, A.M. 1917. Collection Tovostine des antiquités préhistoriques de Minoussinsk conservies chez le Dr. Karl Hedman a Vasa. Chapitres d’archéologie sibérienne. Helsinki: K. F. Puromiehen kirjapaino. Tallgren, A.M. 1933. Inner Asiatic and Siberian Rock Pictures. Eurasia Septentrionalis Antiqua 8: 175–210. Helsinki. Tallgren, A.M. 1937. The South Siberian cemetery of Oglakty from the Han period. Eurasia Septentrionalis Antiqua 11: 69–90. Helsinki. Tallis, N. 2005. Transport and warfare, in J. Curtis and N. Tallis (eds) Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia: 210–17. London: British Museum Press. Tallon, F. 1992. The Achaemenid Tomb on the Acropole, in P.O. Harper, J. Aruz and F. Tallon (eds) The Royal City of Susa. Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre: 242–52. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Tao, Hua. 2017. Satuq Bughra Khan and the beginning of Islamization in the Tian Shan region, in J. Yijiu (ed.) Islam [Dangdai zhongguo zongjiao yanjiu jingxuan congshu: Yisilanjiao]: 116–34. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Tavernier, J. 2007. Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords Attested in Non-Iranian Texts. Leuven: Peeters. Taylor, T. 1989. Iron and Iron Age in the Carpatho–Balkan region: aspects of social and technological change, in M.-L. Sorensen and R. Thomas (eds) The Bronze Age–Iron Age transition in Europe (BAR International Series 483): 68–92. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. Taylor, T. 1994. Thracians, Scythians, and Dacians, in B.W. Cunliffe (ed.) The Oxford Illustrated Prehistory of Europe: 373–410. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Taylor, T. 1996. Scythian and Sarmatian art, in J. Turner (ed) The Dictionary of Art 28: 319–26. London: Macmillan. Taylor, T. 2001. Believing the Ancients: Quantitative and Qualitative Dimensions of Slavery and the Slave Trade in Later Prehistoric Eurasia. World Archaeology 33/1: 27–43. Taylor, T. 2003a. The Buried Soul: How Humans Invented Death. London: 4th Estate (revised paperback edition). Taylor, T. 2003b. A platform for studying the Scythians. Antiquity: 77: 413–15. Taylor, T. 2010. Modeling the ‘Amazon’ phenomenon: Colonization events and gender performances, in D.J. Bolender (ed.) Eventful archaeologies: New approaches to social transformation in the archaeological record (IEMA Distinguished Monograph Series): 132– 50. Albany: State University of New York Press. Taylor, T. 2011. Death, in T. Insoll (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion (Oxford Handbooks in Archaeology): 89–104. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Teleagă, E. 2016. Începuturile artei figurative tracice în secolul al V-lea a.Chr., cu privire specială asupra Dobrogei de nord și a spațiului de la nord de Dunăre până la Nistru. Studii și Cercetări de Istorie Veche și Arkheologie 67/3–4: 207–68. 750 Bibliography Telnov, N.P., I.A. Chetverikov I.A. and V.S. Sinika 2012. Skifskij mogilnik III–II vv. do n.e. u s. Glinoe na levoberezhe Nizhnego Dnestra (predvaritelnye itogi issledovanija), in N.P. Telnov (ed.) Drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomorya III–II vv. do n.e. Tiraspol’: OOO ‘Remont vychislitelnoy tehniki Publ. Teng Minyu 2010. Gudai qihou shijian yu gudai wenhua jian guanxi de zai sikao – yi Quanxinshi Danuanqi de Chifeng diqu weili [Re-thinking of the connetions between ancient climate events and ancient culture – by Chifeng region during Megathermal period of Holocene for instance]. Bianjiang kaogu yanjiu 9: 238–46. Teodor, S. 1999. Regiunile est-carpatice ale României în secolele V–II î.d. Hr. Bucharest: Vavila Edinf SRL. Terenozhkin, A.I. 1961. Predskifsky period na dneprovskom pravoberezhye. Kiev: Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences. Terenozhkin, A.I. 1976. Kimmeriytsy. Kiev: Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences. Tereshchenko, A.I. 2013. Podvodno-arkheologicheskiye issledovaniya torgovogo sudna ‘Zmeinyy-Patrokl’ (IV v. do n.e.) v Chernom more (polevyye sezony 2011–12 gg.), in M.Yu. Vakhtina, E.V. Gritsik, N.K. Zhizhina, S.V. Kashayev, N.A. Pavlichenko, O.Yu. Sokolova and V.A. Khrshanovskiy (eds) Bosporskiy fenomen. Greki i varvary na Evraziyskom perekrestke: Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii (Sankt Peterburg. 19-22 noyabrya 2013 g.): 576–83. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya. Thaplyal, K.K. 1972. Studies in Ancient Indian Seals. Lucknow: Akhila Bharatiya Sanskrit Parishad. Thargyal, R. 2007. Nomads of Eastern Tibet: Social Organization and Economy of a Pastoral Estate in the Kingdom of Dege. Leiden and Boston: E.J. Brill. Theunissen, R., P. Grave and G. Bailey 2000. Doubts on diffusion: Challenging the Assumed Indian Origin of Iron Age Agate and Carnelian Beads in Southeast Asia. World Archaeology 32: 84–105. Thompson, G. 1965. Iranian Dress in the Achaemenian Period. Problems concerning the Kandys and other garments. Iran 3: 121–26. Thordarson, F. 1988. The Scythian funeral custom: some notes on Herodotus IV, 71-75, in W. Sundermann, J. Duchesne-Guillemin and F. Vahman (eds) A Green Leaf: papers in honour of Professor Jes Asmussen (Acta Iranica 28): 539–47. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Thote, A. 1999. De quelques conventions picturales. Le char et ses représentations aux Ve-IVe siècles avant notre ère, in F. Martin (ed.) Etudes chinoises (Mélanges de sinologie offerts à Monsieur Jean-Pierre Diény) 18/1– 2: 179–220. Tillander-Godenhielm, U. (ed.) 2000. Golden Years of Fabergé: Drawings and Objects from the Wigström Workshop. [France]: A La Vieille Russie and Alain de Gourcuff. Tisdall, C. 1978. Frozen tombs. The Guardian 18th November: 13. Tishkin, А.А. 1999. Ukrasheniya ranneskifskogo vremeni iz Gornogo Altaya, in Yu.A. Kirjushin and A.A. Tishkin (eds) Itogi izucheniya skifskoy epokhi Altaya i sopredelnykh territoriy: Sbornik nauchnykh statey: 184–90. Barnaul: Altai State University Press. Tissot, F. 1985. Gandhara. Paris: J. Maisonneuve. Tisucká, M. and L. Stančo (eds) 2016. Afghanistan. Rescued Treasures of Buddhism. Prague: National Museum. Tite, M., T. Pradell and A. Shortland 2008. Discovery, production and use of tin-based opacifiers in glasses, enamels and glazes from the late Iron Age onwards: a reassessment. Archaeometry 50/1: 67– 84. Tkaciuc, M. 1994. Manifestări culturale din sec. V-I a.Chr. Thraco-Dacica 15: 215–56. Tokhtas’ev, S.R. 1992. Cimmerians, in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica 5: 563–67. Costa Mesa: Mazda. Tolstov, S.P. 1958. Raboty Khorezmskoj Ekspedicii 1949–1953 gg., in S.P. Tolstov (ed.) Arkheologicheskie i etnograficheskie raboty Khorezmskoj ekspedicii 1949–1953 gg. (Trudy Khorezmskoj Arkheologo– Etnograficheskoj Ekspedicii II): 7–258. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Toleubayev, A., R. Zhumatayev and K. Toleubayeva 2013. Royal Mound ‘Baygetobe’ from the Burial Ground Shilikty. International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrual Engineering 7/6: 1874–78. Tomabechi, Y. 1983/84. Wall Paintings from Til Barsip. Archiv für Orientforschung 29/30: 63–74. Tonkova, M. 2002. Classical jewellery in Thrace: origins and development, archaeological contexts. Talanta 32/33: 277–88. Topal, D. 2014a. Akinaki klassicheskoy Skifii: tip Solokha, in S.I. Lukyashko (ed.) Voyna i voennoe delo v skifo-sarmatskom mire: 380–406. Rostov-on-Don: YuNC RAN. Topal, D. 2014b. Finalnaya liniya razvitiya mechey klassicheskoy Skifii. Sootnoshenie tipov Chertomlyk i Shulgovka. Stratum plus 2014/3: 129–56. Topal, D. 2015. The use of bronze in making the early Scythian akinakai. Tyragetia 9/24: 29–50. Topal, D.A. and I.V. Bruyako 2012. Nakhodki klinkovogo oruzhiya rannikh kochevnikov iz Orgeevskogo rayona. Stratum plus 2012/3: 133–44. Topal, D., S. Ţerna and S. Popovici 2014. Akinakai de tip Soloha în contextual unei noi descoperiri de la Nistrul de Jos. Peuce 12: 9–67. Torgoev, A.I. 2009. Kenkolsky mogilnik, in S.L. Kravets (ed.) Bolshaya Rossiyskaya Enciklopediya 13: 571. Moscow: Great Russian Encyclopaedia. Tosi, M. 1969. Excavations at Shahr-i-Sokhta: Preliminary report on the second campaign, September–December 1968. East and West 19/3–4: 283–386. Tosi, M. 1980. Karneol. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie 5: 448–52. 751 Bibliography Treister, M.Y. 1994. Sarmatskaya shkola khudozhestvennoy torevtiki (k otkrytiyu serviza iz Kosiki). Vestnik drevnei istorii 1994/1: 172–204. Treister, M.Y. 2001. Hammering Techniques in Greek and Roman Jewellery and Toreutics (Colloquia Pontica 8). Leiden / Cologne / Boston: E.J. Brill. Treister, M.Y. 2004. Eastern jewellery in Sarmatian burials and eastern elements in the jewellery production of the North Pontic area in the 1st century AD. Iranica Antiqua 39: 295–319. Treister, M.Y. 2009a. Silver-gilt Bowl from Burial-mound B at Prokhorovka. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 15: 183–89. Treister, M.Y. 2009b. Silver Phialai from the Prokhorovka Burial-mound N°.1. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 15: 94–135. Treister, M.Y. 2010a. ‘Achaemenid’ and ‘Achaemenidinspired’ Goldware and Silverware, Jewellery and Arms and their Imitations to the North of the Achaemenid Empire, in J. Nieling and E. Rehm (eds) Achaemenid Impact in the Black Sea Communication of Powers: 223–79. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. Treister, M.Y. 2010b. Oruzhiye sarmatskogo tipa na Bospore v I–II vv. n.e. Drevnosti Bospora 14: 484–561. Treister, M.Y. 2012. Silver Phalerae with a Depiction of Bellerophon and the Chimaera from a Sarmatian Burial in Volodarka (Western Kazakhstan). A Reappraisal of the Question of the So-Called GraecoBactrian Style in Hellenistic Toreutics. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 18/1: 51–109. Treister, M.Y. 2013a. Achämenidische Importe im südlichen Uralvorland. Chronologie. Dynamik. Zusammensetzung. Interpretation, in M. Treister and L. Yablonsky (eds) Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur im südlichen Uralvorland (5.–3. Jh. v. Chr.): 301– 15. Vienna: Phoibus Verlag. Treister, M.Y. 2013b. Achämenidischer Schmuck und Gewandschmuck aus Edelmetallen im südlichen Uralvorland. Erzeugnisse des achämenidischen Kreises und lokale Nachahmungen. Werke der post-achämenidischen Tradition, in M. Treister and L. Yablonsky (eds) Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur im südlichen Uralvorland (5.–3. Jh. v. Chr.): 158–91. Vienna: Phoibus Verlag. Treister, M.Y. 2013c. Glasgefäße des achämenidischen Kreises aus dem südlichen Uralvorland, in M. Treister and L. Yablonsky (eds) Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur im südlichen Uralvorland (5.–3. Jh. v. Chr.): 128–35. Vienna: Phoibus Verlag. Treister, M.Y. 2013d. Bronzespiegel aus dem südlichen Uralvorland: nahöstliche und südasiatische Importe und lokale Nachahmungen, in M. Treister and L. Yablonsky (eds) Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur im südlichen Uralvorland (5.–3. Jh. v. Chr.): 143–57. Vienna: Phoibus Verlag. Treister, M.Y. 2013e. Alabastergefäße aus dem südlichen Uralvorland, in M. Treister and L. Yablonsky (eds) Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur im südlichen Uralvorland (5.–3. Jh. v. Chr.): 119–27. Vienna: Phoibus Verlag. Treister, M.Y. 2013f. Die Edelmetallgefäße des achämenidischen Krieses aus dem südlichen Uralvorland, in M. Treister and L. Yablonsky (eds) Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur im südlichen Uralvorland (5.–3. Jh. v. Chr.): 69–108. Vienna: Phoibus Verlag. Treister, M.Y. 2016. On the Find of a Phalera Made from the Medallion of a Hellenistic Cup in Barrow no. 20 of the Noin-Ula Burial Ground (Northern Mongolia). Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 22/1: 55–95. Treister, M.Y. 2019. Skarabeoid iz pogrebeniya 1 kurgana 1/2015 mogilnika Cheboratev V na nizhnem Don (o blizhnevostochnykh pechatyakh v pogrebeniyakh srednesarmatskogo vremeni). Rossiyskaya Arkheologiya 2019/1: 20–31. Treister, M. and L. Yablonsky (eds) 2012. Vlijanija akhemenidskoj kultury v juzhnom Priurale (V–III vv. do n.e.) (Drevnjaja torevtika i juvelirnoe delo v vostochnoj Evrope). Moscow: Taus [= Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur im südlichen Uralvorland (5.–3. Jh. v. Chr.). Vienna 2013]. Treister, M. and L. Yablonsky (eds) 2013. Schlußfolgerungen, in M. Treister and L. Yablonsky (eds) Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur im südlichen Uralvorland (5.–3. Jh. v. Chr.): 319–23. Vienna: Phoibus Verlag. Tremblay, X. 2007. The spread of Buddhism in Serindia: Buddhism among Iranians, Tocharians and Turks before the 13th century, in A. Heirman and S.P. Bumbacher (eds) The Spread of Buddhism (Handbuch der Orientalistik VIII.16): 75–129. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Trever, C. 1932. Excavations in Northern Mongolia (1924– 1925) (Memoirs of the Academy of History of Material Culture 3). Leningrad: J. Fedorov Printing House. Trever, K.V. and V.G. Lukonin 1987. Sasanidskoye serebro. Sobraniye gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. Khudozhestvennaya kultura Irana III–VIII vekov. Moscow: ‘Artiya’. Trimm, C. 2017. Fighting for the King and the Gods: A Survey of Warfare in the Ancient Near East. Atlanta: SBL Press. Trippett, F. (and the editors of Time-Life Books) 1978. The First Horsemen. [Amsterdam]: Time-Life International (reprint). Trohani, G. 2013. Arta aurului și argintului în spațiul carpato-dunărean în secolele VI–III a.Chr., in R. Oanță-Marghitu (ed.) Aurul și Argintul Antic al României. Catalog de Expoziție: 64–75. Bucharest: National Museum of the History of Romania. Trojanowicz, M., J. Orska-Gawrys, I. Surowiec, B. Szostek, K. Urbaniak-Walczak, J. Kehl and M. Wrobel 2004. Chromatographic Investigation of Dyes Extracted from Coptic Textiles from the National Museum in Warsaw. Studies in Conservation 49: 115–30. Trudnovskaya, S.A. 1952. Ukrashennya pozdneantichnogo Xorezma po materialam raskopok Toprak-Kala, in S.P. Tolstov and T.A. 752 Bibliography Zhdanko (eds) Arkheologicheskie i etnographicheskie raboti Xorezmskoi ekspeditsii 1945–1948 (Trudy chorezmskoj archeologo-etnografičeskoj ekspedicii I): 119–34, pls I–III. Moscow: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Trudnovskaya, S.A. 1979. Ranniye pogrebeniya yugozapadnoy kurgannoy gruppy mogilnika Tuz-gyr, in M.A. Itina (ed.) Kočevniki na granicach Chorezma (Trudy chorezmskoj archeologo-etnografičeskoj ekspedicii XI): 201–10. Moscow: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Tsalkin, V.I. 1960. Domashniye i dikiye zhivotnyye Severnogo Prichernomor’ya v epokhu rannego zheleza (Materialy i Issledovaniya po Arkheologii SSSR = MIA) 53: 7–109. Tsareva, E.G. 2010. Kilimy rannikh kochevnikov Tuvy i Altaya: k istorii slozheniya i razvitiya kilimnoy tekhniki v Evrazii, in P.M. Kozhin, M.F. Kosarev and N.A. Dubova (eds) Na puti otkrytiya tsivilizatsii: sbornik statey k 80-letiyu V.I. Sarianidi (Trudy Margianskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii): 566–91. St. Petersburg: Aleteya. Tuplin, C. 2010. All the King’s Horse: In Search of Achaemenid Persian Cavalry, in M. Trundle and G. Fagan (eds) New Perspectives on Ancient Warfare: 101– 82. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Tuplin, C. 2020. Sigillography and soldiers: cataloguing military activity on Achaemenid period seals, in E. Dusinberre, M.B. Garrison and W.F.M. Henkelman (eds) The Art of Empire in Achaemenid Persia. Studies in honour of Margaret Cool Root: 329-459. Leiden and Leuven: NINO and Peeters. Tur, S.S. 2019. Prizhiznennyye travmy cherepa u skotovodov Gornogo Altaya skifskogo i gunnosarmatskogo vremeni (V v. do n.e. – V v. n.e.). Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 47 (2019/2): 148–57. Turbat, T. and D. Batsukh 2015. L’art dans la culture de Pazyryk et ses manifestations dans l’Altaï mongol, in P.-H. Giscard and T. Turbat (eds) France-Mongolie: Découvertes Archéologiques. Vingt Ans de Partenariat. Catalogue de l’exposition: 33–39. Oulan Bator: ShUAiĭn Tu̇u̇kh, arkheologiĭn khu̇rėėlėn. Turbat, T., P.-H. Giscard and D. Batsükh 2009. First Excavation of Pazyryk Kurgans in Mongolian Altai, in J. Bemmann, H. Parzinger, E. Pohl and D. Tseveendorzh (eds) Current Archaeological Research in Mongolia. Papers from the First International Conference on ‘Archaeological Research in Mongolia’ held in Ulaanbaatar, 19th–23rd August 2007 (Bonn Contributions to Asian Archaeology 4): 221–30. Bonn: Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. Turchin, P. 2009. A theory for formation of large empires. Journal of Global History 4/2: 191. Turner, C.G.II 1979. Dental anthropological indications among the Jomon people of central Japan: X. Peopling of the Pacific. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 51: 619–36. Twilley, J. 2002. Pigment Analyses from the Grave Stelae and Architectural Fragments from Chersonesos, in M.A. Tiverios and D.S. Tsiafakis (eds) Colour in Ancient Greece. The Role of Colour in Ancient Greek Art 700–31 BC. Proceedings of the conference held in Thessaloniki, 12th-16th April, 2000: 171–78. Thessaloniki: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Tyulyaev, S.I. 1988. Iskusstvo Indii. III-e tysyacheletiye do n.e.–VII vek n.e. Moscow: ‘Artiya’. Ubelaker, D.H. 1989. Human Skeletal Remains (Manuals on Archaeology 2). Washington: Smithsonian Institution (second edition). Uchaneva, E.N., A.A. Kazarnitsky, A.V. Gromov and N.I. Lazaretova 2017. Naseleniye Minusinskoy kotloviny v rannem zheleznom veke: k voprosu o vnutrigruppovoy i mezhdugruppovoy izmenchivosti. Barnaul Arkheologii, Antropologii i Etnografii 36 (2017/1): 78–87. Umanskiy, A.P., A.B. Shamshin and P.I. Shulga 2005. Mogilnik skifskogo vremeni Rogozikha-I na levoberezhye Obi. Barnaul: Altai State University Press. Umehara, S. 1960. Mōko Noin-Ura hakken no ibutsu. Tokyo: Toyo Bunko. Untracht, O. 1969. Metal Techniques for Craftsmen. London: Robert Hale. Untracht, O. 1982. Jewelry Concepts and Technology. London: Robert Hale. Unvala, J.M. 1953. Sassanian seals and Sassanian Monograms, in Sir Rustam P. Masani et al. (eds) M.P. Khareghat Memorial Volume. 1. A symposium on IndoIranian and allied subjects: 44–74. Bombay: Trustees of the Parsi Punchayet Funds and Properties. Utchenko, S.L. (ed.) 1972. Gerodot. Istoriya v Devyati Knigah. Perevod i Primechaniya G.A. Stratanovskogo. Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Uwe-Hartmann, J. 2005. Buddhism: Buddhism in Central Asia, in L. Jones (ed.) Encyclopedia of Religion: vol. 2, 1144–148. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA (second edition). Vadetskaya, E.B. 1985. Tashtykskiye nakosniki i prichyoski. Kratkiye soobshcheniya Instituta Arkheologii 184: 7–14. Vadetskaya, E.B. 1986a. Mumii i pogrebalniye kukly tashtykskikh mogilnikov. Kratkiye Soobshcheniya Instituta Arkheologii 186: 33–41. Vadetskaya, E.B. 1986b. Arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki v stepyakh Srednego Eniseya. Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Vadetskaya, E.B. 1999. Tashtykskaya epokha v drevnei istorii Sibiri (Archaeologica Petropolitana VII). St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Oriental Studies. Vadetskaya, E.B. 2004. Novoye o tashtykskikh pogrebalnykh maskakh. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 17 (2004/1): 51–64. Vadetskaya, E.B. 2009. Drevniye Maski Yeniseya. St. Petersburg and Krasnoyarsk: Verso. Vadetskaya, E.B. 2016. Okunevskie izvajanija: obzor nekotorykh rezultatov iikh izucenija, in A.P. 753 Bibliography Derevyanko and V.I. Molodin (eds) Altai among the Eurasian antiquities: 201–24. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Vadetskaya, E.B., N.V. Leontiev and G.A. Maximenkov 1980. Pamyatniki okunevskoy kultury. Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Vadetskaya, E.B., A.V. Polyakov and N.F. Stepanova 2014. Svod pamyatnikov afanasyevskoy kultury. Barnaul: Azbuka. Vainshtein, S.I. 1966. Pamyatniki vtoroy poloviny i tysyacheletiya v zapadnoy Tuve, in L.P. Potapov (ed.) Trudy Tuvinskoy kompleksnoy arkheologoetnograficheskoy ekspeditsii. Tom II. Materialy po etnografii i arkheologii rayonov basseyna r. Khemchik: 292–347. Moscow and Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Vainshtein, S.I. 1972. Istoricheskaya etnografiya tuvintsev: problemy kochevogo khozyaystva. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Vainshtein, S.I. 1980. Nomads of South Siberia: The Pastoral Economies of Tuva. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vainshtein, S.I. 1991. Mir kochevnikov tsentra Azii. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Vainshtein, S.I. and V.P. Diakonova 1966. Pamyatniki v mogilnike Kokel kontsa 1 tys. do n.e. – pervykh vekov nashei ery, in L.P. Potapov (ed.) Trudy Tuvinskoy kompleksnoy arkheologo-etnograficheskoy ekspeditsii II. Materialy po etnografii i arkheologii rayonov basseyna r. Khemchik: 185–291. Moscow and Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Vakhtina, M.Yu. 2000. Grecheskaja stolovaja keramika VI v. do n.e. iz raskopok Nemirovskogo gorodischa v Pobuzhje, in V.Yu. Zuev (ed.) ΣΨΣΣΙͲΙΑ: In Memory of Y.V. Andreev: 209–17. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum and ‘Aleteja’. Vakhtina, M.Yu. 2007. Greek Archaic Orientalising Pottery from the Barbarian Sites of the Foreststeppe Zone of the Northern Black Sea Coastal Region, in V. Gabrielson and J. Lund (eds) The Black Sea in Antiquity: Regional and Interregional Economic Exchanges: 23–38. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. Valikhanov, Tch. 1984. Dnevnik poezdki na Issyk kul, in Tch. Valikhanov (ed.) Sobranie sotchinenii v piyati tomah: vol. 1, 306–57. Alma-Ata: Kazakhskaiya Sovetskaiya entsiklopediya. Van Andel, T., E. Zanagger and A. Demitrack 1990. Land Use and Soil Erosion in Prehistoric and Historical Greece. Journal of Field Archaeology 17/4: 379–96. Vanden Berghe, I., M. Gleba and U. Mannering 2009. Towards the identification of dyestuffs in Early Iron Age Scandinavian peat bog textiles. Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 1910–21. Van Geel, B., N.A. Bokovenko, N.D. Burova, K.V. Chugunov, V.A. Dergachev, V.G. Dirksen, M. Kulkova, A. Nagler, H. Parzinger, J. Van Der Plicht, S.S. Vasiliev and G.I. Zaitseva 2004. Climate change and the expansion of the Scythian culture after 850 BC: a hypothesis. Journal of Archaeological Science 31: 1735–42. Van Gelder, G.J. 2000. God’s Banquet. Food in Classical Arabic Literature. New York: Columbia University Press. Van Gennep, A. 2002. Obryady perekhoda: Sistematicheskoe Izuchenie Obryadov. Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura. Varfolomeev, V.V. 2013. Keramika superstratnogo oblika iz pamyatnikov Begazy-Dandybayevskoy kultury, in А.Z. Beisenov (ed.) Begazy-dandybayevskaya kultura Stepnoy Evrazii. Sbornik nauchnykh statey, posvyashchennyy 65-letiyu ZH. Kurmankulova: 167–97. Almaty: Institute of Archaeology. Vasiliev, V. 1980. Sciții agatîrși pe teritoriul României. ClujNapoca: ‘Dacia’. Vasilieva, E.E. 2012. Pogrebalny kompleks alanskoy kultury na Severnom Kavkaze: vtoraya polovina V – pervaya polovina VI veka n.e., in M.B. Piotrovsky (ed.) Kochevniki Evrazii na puti k imperii. Iz sobraniya gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha: 176–79. St. Petersburg: ‘Slavia’. Vatandoust, A., H. Parzinger and B. Helwing (eds) 2011. Early mining and metallurgy on the western Central Iranian Plateau. The first five years of work (Archäologie in Iran und Turan 9). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Ventresca Miller, A., J. Johnson, S. Makhortykh, L. Litinova, T. Taylor, R. Rolle and C. Makarewicz 2019. Mobility and diet in the Iron Age Pontic foreststeppe: A multi-isotopic study of urban populations at Bel’sk. Archaeometry 61/6 (December): 1399–1416. [https://doi:10.1111/arcm.12493] Verhecken, A. and J. Wouters 1988/89. Coccid Insect Dyes. Historical, Geographical and Technical Data. Bulletin KIK/IRPA 22: 207–38. Brussels. Vernadsky, G. 1946. Ancient Russia (A History of Russia I). New Haven: Yale University Press (third edition). Vernadsky, G. 1959. The Origins of Russia. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Vernadsky, G. 1968. A History of Russia. New Haven: Yale University Press (sixth edition). Verri, G., D. Saunders, J. Ambers and T. Sweek 2010. Digital mapping of Egyptian blue: conservation implications, in C. Rozeik, A. Roy and D. Saunders (eds) Conservation and the eastern Mediterranean: contributions to the Istannbul Congress, 20–24 September 2010: 220–24. London: International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. Vertienko, G.В. 2014a. Kontsept veprya v molodoavestiyskykh tekstakh. Movni i kontseptualni kartyny svitu 50: 140–48. Vertienko, G.В. 2014b. Obraz veprya v iranskoy traditsii – narrativ i vizualizatsiya. Stratum plus 2014/3: 271– 80. Vetchinkin, A.R. 1966. Estestvennye organicheskie krasyashchie veshchestva. Saratov: Volga Book Press. Vika, E. 2011. Diachronic dietary reconstructions in ancient Thebes, Greece: Results from stable isotope analyses. Journal of Archaeological Science 38: 1157–63. 754 Bibliography Vinogradov, А.V. and Е.Е. Kuzmina 1970. Liteynyye formy iz Lyavlyakana. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1970/2: 125–35. Vinokurov, N.I. 2002. Novye izobrazheniya vsadnikov na Bospore, in A.A. Maslennikov (ed.) Drevnosti Bospora. Mezhdunarodny ezhegodnik po istorii, arkheologii, epigrafike, numizmatike i filologii Bospora Kimmeriyskogo 5: 70–86. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Vitt, V.-O. 1952. Loshady pazyrykskikh kurganov. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1952/16: 163–205. Vladimirtsov, B.Ja. 1934. Obshchestvennyj stroj mongolov; mongol’skoj kochevoj feodalizm. Leningrad: Akademija nauk Sojuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik (French translation by M. Carsow: Le régime social des Mongols: le féodalisme nomade, Paris: Maisonneuve, 1948). Vogelsang-Eastwood, G. 1993. Pharaonic Egyptian Clothing. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Vogelsang-Eastwood, G. 1999. Tutankhamun’s Wardrobe. Leiden: TRACHT. Vogelsang, W. 1992. The Rise and Organisation of the Achaemenid Empire: the Eastern Evidence. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Vogelsang, W. 2008. Scythian horsemen; Northern rulers, in W. Vogelsang The Afghans: 81–95, 136–57. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Vogelsang, W. 2010. Trouser Wearing by Horse-Riding Nomads in Central Asia, in G. Vogelsang-Eastwood (ed.) Berg Encyclopaedia of World Dress and Fashion, 5: Central and Southwest Asia: 349–45. Oxford: Berg. Vogt, B. 1996. Bronze Age maritime trade in the Indian Ocean: Harappan traits on the Oman Peninsula, in J. Reade (ed.) The Indian Ocean in antiquity: 107–32. London: Kegan Paul International. Volkov, V.V. 2002. Olenniye kamni Mongolii. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. von Gall, H. 1990. Das Reiterkampfbild in der iranischen und iranisch beeinflüssten Kunst parthischer und sasanidischer Zeit. Berlin: Gebr. Mann. Von Gall, H. 2002. Das Motiv des ‘Reiters mit dem Knappen’ auf den bosporanischen Grabstelen. Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan 34: 397–413. Von Hinüber, O. 1991. Expansion to the north: Afghanistan and Central Asia, in H. Bechert and R. Gombrich (eds) The World of Buddhism: Buddhist Monks and Nuns in Society and Culture: 99–107. London: Thames and Hudson. Von Hinüber, O. 2011. Four donations made by Maṅgalahaṃsikā, queen of Palola (Gilgit). Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2010 14: 3–6. Von May, E. 1985. Widerristhöhe und Langknochenmasse bei Pferden – ein immer noch aktuelles Problem. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 50/6: 368– 82. Vorobieva, M.G. 1973. Dingil’dzhe. Usadva Seredini I Tisyacheletya do n.e. v. drevnem Khorezme. Moscow: Soviet Academy of Sciences. Voroniatov, S. 2012a. Sarmatische Elemente im Inventar des Königsgrabs von Mušov in Südmähren. Eurasia Antiqua 18: 185–95. Voroniatov, S. 2012b. Oselki Sarmatskii tamgam, in V.A. Alekshin et al. (eds) Kultury stepnoy Evrazii i ikh vzaimodeystviye s drevnimi tsivilizatsiyami. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 110-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya M.P. Gryaznova: vol. 1, 54–58. St. Petersburg: ‘Periphery’ and Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Voroniatov, S. 2013. O naznachenii sarmatskikh tamg v tseremonialnom konskom snaryazhenii in M.Yu. Vakhtina, E.V. Gritsik, N.K. Zhizhina, S.V. Kashayev, N.A. Pavlichenko, O.Yu. Sokolova and V.A. Khrshanovskiy (eds) Bosporskiy fenomen. Greki i varvary na evrazijskom perekrestke. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii (St. Petersburg, 19–22 noyabrya 2013 g.): 296–302. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya. Vos, M.F. 1963. Scythian Archers in Archaic Greek VasePainting. Groningen: J.B. Wolters. Vujovic, M.B. 1995. Deo okova rimskogo sedla iz Boljetina. Glasnik Sad 10: 118–23. Vulf, E.V. and O.F. Maleeva 1969. Mirovye resursy poleznykh rasteniy. Trudy BIN im. V.L. Komarova AN SSSR. Leningrad: Russian Academy of Sciences. Vulpe, A. 1967. Necropola hallstattiană de la Ferigile. Monografie arkheologică (Biblioteca de arkheologie 9). Bucharest: ARSR. Vulpe, A. 1990. Die Kurzschwerter, Dolche und Streitmesser der Hallstattzeit in Rumänien (Prähistorische Bronzefunde 6/9). Munich: C.H. Beck. Vuissoz, A., M. Worobey and N. Odegaard 2007. The survival of PCR-amplifiable DNA in cow leather. Journal of Archaeological Science 34/5: 823–29. Vyazmitina, M.I. 1962. Zolota Balka. Poselennja sarmats’kogo chasu na Nizhn’omu Dnipri. Kiev: AN URSR. Wagner, M. and H. Butz 2007. Nomadenkunst: Ordosbronzen der Ostasiatiischen Kunstsammlung, Museum fǘr Asiatische Kunst, Staatlische Museen zu Berlin. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Wagner, M., Wu Xinhua, P. Tarasov, A. Aisha, C.B. Ramsey and M. Schultz 2011. Radiocarbon-dated archaeological record of early first millennium B.C. mounted pastoralists in the Kunlun Mountains, China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108/38: 15733–38. Walker, P.L., R.R. Bathurst, R. Richman, T. Gjerdrum and V.A. Andrushkp 2009. The causes of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: a reappraisal of the iron-deficiency-anemia hypothesis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 139: 109–25. Walser, G. 1966. Die Völkerschaften auf den Reliefs von Persepolis (Teheraner Forschungen 2). Berlin: Gebr. Mann. 755 Bibliography Walter, M. 2014. Buddhism in Central Asian History, in M. Poceski (ed.) The Wiley Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism: 21–39. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. Wang Binghua 1987. Recherches historiques préliminaires sur les Saka du Xinjiang ancien. Arts Asiatiques 42: 31–44. Wang Binghua (ed.) 1999. Xinjiang gushi: gudai Xinjiang jumin ji qi wenhua [The ancient corpses of Xinjiang: the peoples of ancient Xinjiang and their culture]. Wulumuqi: Xinjiang renmin chubanshe. Wang Bo 2016. Textile Treasures of Zaghunluq. Riggisberg: Abegg-Stiftung / Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. Wang, E. 2012. What happened to the First Emperor’s afterlife spirit?, in Liu Yang (ed.) China’s Terracotta Warriors: The First Emperor’s Legacy: 51–87. Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Wang, H. 2004. Money on the Silk Road: the evidence from Eastern Central Asia to c. AD 800. London: The British Museum Press. Wang Hui 2009. Zhangjiachuan Majiayuan mudi xiangguan wenti chutan [On the issues relevant to the Majiayuan cemetery in Zhangjiachuan county]. Wenwu 10: 70–77. Wang Hui 2011. On the issues relevant to the Majiayuan Cemetery in Zhang-jiachuan County. Chinese Archaeology 11/1: 60–64 [= English translation of Wang Hui 2009]. Gansu Sheng Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo (ed.) 2014. Arkheologicheskie nakhodki zapadnykh zhunov perioda Chzhan’go po materialam mogilnika Matszyayuan [Archaeological finds of the western Zhun Zhangguo on the materials]. Beijing: Wenwu Chubanshe. Wang Shilan and Xu Qizhi 1988. Mahanshan diqu Quanxinshi baofen zuhe tezheng ji gu zhibei de yanbian guilu [Characteristics of spore-pollen assemblages of the Holocene in the Mahanshan region and the change of palaeovegetation]. Lanzhou daxue xuebao (ziran kexue) 2: 113–21. Wang Wei 1997. Cong chutu maju kan san zhi liu shiji dong Ya zhuguo de jiaoliu [Exchanges between the east Asian countries in the 3rd–6th centuries in the light of excavated harness]. Kaogu 12: 66–84. Watrous, S.D. (ed.) 1966. John Ledyard’s journey through Russia and Siberia. 1787–1788. The journal and selected letters. Madison [WI]: University of Wisconsin Press. Weber, M. 1921. Wirtschaft Und Gesellschaft. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr and P. Siebeck. Wegener, R. 2010. Sauromatisches und sarmatisches Fundgut nordöstlich und östlich des Kaspischen Meeres. Eine Bestandsaufnahmen bisheriger Forschungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Waffengräber (BAR International Series 2072). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. Weinberg, G. 1983. A Hellenistic Glass Factory on Rhodes: Progress Report. Journal of Glass Studies 25: 37. Wentz, R.K. and N.T. de Grummond 2009. Life on Horseback: Palaeopathology of Two Scythian Skeletons from Alexandropol, Ukraine. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 19: 107–15. Wertime, T. 1983. The Furnace versus the Goat: The Pyrotechnologic Industries and Mediterranean Deforestation in Antiquity. Journal of Field Archaeology 10/4: 445–52. Whitcomb, D.S. 1985. Before the Roses and Nightingales. Excavations at Qasr-i Abu Nasr, Old Shiraz. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Whitehouse, D. 1975. Carnelian in the Persian Gulf. Antiquity 49: 129–30. Whitfield, S. 2018. Silk, Slaves, and Stupas: material culture of the Silk Road. Oakland: University of California Press. Whitworth, D. 2017. In search of the ancient Scythians, scourge of civilisations. The Times Saturday Review 2nd September: 8–9. Widengren, G. 1956. Some Remarks on Riding Costume and Articles of Dress among Iranian Peoples in Antiquity. Arctica: Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensia 11: 228–76. Widengren, G. 1965. Die Religionen Irans (Die Religionen der Menschheit 14). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. Wieczorek, A. and C. Lind (eds) 2007. Ursprünge der Seidenstraße. Sensationelle Neufunde aus Xinjiang, China. Stuttgart and Mannheim: Theiss and ReissEngelhorn-Museen. Wiesehöfer, J. 2007. Ancient Persia: from 550 BC to 650 AD. London: I.B. Tauris (new edition). Wiesehöfer, J. 2016. Greeks, Iranians and Chinese on the Silk Road, in S.N.C. Lieu and G.B. Mikkelsen (eds) Between Rome and China: History, Religion and Material Culture of the Silk Road: 1–17. Turnhout: Brepols. Wild, J.P. 1977. Classical Greek textiles from Nymphaeum. Textile Museum Journal 4/4: 33–34. Williams, D. (ed.) 1998. The Art of the Greek Goldsmith. London: British Museum Press. Williams, D. and J. Ogden 1994. Greek Gold. Jewellery from the Classical World. London: British Museum Press. Windfuhr, G. 2000. The Iranians and the Sarmatians: a note on terminology, in J. Aruz, A. Farkas, A. Alekseev and E. Korolkova (eds) The Golden Deer of Eurasia: Scythian and Sarmatian treasures from the Russian steppes, The State Hermitage, St. Petersburg, and the Archaeological Museum, Ufa: 19–20. New York: Metropolitan Museum and Yale University Press. Winter, I. 1999. The Aesthetic Value of Lapis Lazuli in Mesopotamia, in A. Caubet (ed.) Cornaline et pierres précieuses. La Méditerranée, de l’Antiquité à l’Islam. Actes du colloque organise au muse du Louvre par le Service culturel les 24 et 25 novembre 1995: 43–58. Paris: La Documentation française and Musée du Louvre. Wolf, E. 1982. Europe and the People Without History. Berkeley: University of California Press. Wölfflin, H. 2004. Renessans i barokko. St. Petersburg: ‘Azbuka-klassika’. 756 Bibliography Wolski, J. 1993. L’empire des Arsacides (Acta Iranica 32). Louvain: Peeters. Womersley, D. (ed.) 2005. Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Volume the First (1776) and Volume the Second (1781). London: Penguin (revised reprint). Wong, R. 2017. Carpets, Chariots and the State of Qin. Orientations 48: 60–70. Wood, F. 2003. The Silk Road: two thousand years in the heart of Asia. London: The British Library. Woolley, C.L. 1934. Ur Excavations, volume II: The Royal Cemetery. London and Philadelphia: Trustees of the British Museum and Museum of the University of Pensylvania. Woolley, C.L. 1962. Ur Excavations, volume IX: The Neo-Babylonian and Persian periods. London and Philadelphia: Trustees of the British Museum and Museum of the University of Pensylvania. Wouters, J. 1985. High-performance liquid chromatography of anthraquinones: analysis of plant and insect extracts and dyed textiles. Studies in Conservation 30: 119–28. Wouters, J. 1990. Dyestuff analysis of scale insects by high-performance liquid chromatography. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium of Scale Insect Studies 6/2: 61–70. Krakow: Agricultural University Press. Wu Hsiao-yan 2013. Chariots in Early China. Origins, Cultural Interaction and Identity (BAR International Series 2457). Oxford: Archaeopress. Wu Xin 2005. Central Asia in the context of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Wu Xin 2010. Enemies of Empire: A Historical Reconstruction of Political Conflicts between Central Asia and the Persian Empire, in J. Curtis and St J. Simpson (eds) The World of Achaemenid Persia. History, Art and Society in Iran and the Ancient Near East: 545–63. London: I.B. Tauris. Wu Xin 2012. Violence and Power Visualized: Representations of Military Encounters between Central Asia and the Achaemenid Persian Empire, in C.W. Hartley, G. Bike Yazicioglu and A.T. Smith (eds) The Archaeology of Power and Politics in Eurasia: Regimes and Revolutions: 78–90. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wu Xin 2014. ‘O Young Man ... Make known of What Kind You Are’: Warfare, History, and Elite Ideology of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Iranica Antiqua 49: 209–99. Wu Xiaolong 2013. Cultural Hybridity and Social Status: Elite Tombs on China's Northern Frontier during the Third Century BC. Antiquity 87/335: 121–36. Xinjiang, R. 2013. Lecture 4. The nature of the Dunhuang library cave and its sealing, in I. Galambos (trans) Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang: 109–36. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Xinjiang Weiwu’er Zizhiqu Bowuguan, Akesu Wenguansuo, Wensu Wenhuaguan 1986. Wensu Xian Baozidong muzangqun de diaocha he fajue [Survey and excavation of the cemetery at Baozidong, Wensu County]. Xinjiang wenwu 2: 1–22. Xinjiang Weiwu’er Zizhiqu Bowuguan and Xinjiang Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo 2001. Zhongguo Xinjiang Shanpula: gudai Yutian wenming de jieshi yu yanjiu [Sampula in Xinjiang of China: revelation and study of ancient Khotan civilization]. Xinjiang: Xinjiang renmin chubanshe. Xinjiang 2001. Sampula in Xinjiang of China. Revelation and Study of Ancient Khotan Civilization. Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Press. Xinjiang Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo 2001. Jiaohe gouxi: 1994–1996 niandu kaogu fajue baogao Jiaohe gouxi: the archaeological excavation report from 1994 to 1996]. Wulumuqi: Xinjiang renmin chubanshe. Xu Yongjie and Guo Chenhui 1986. Qin’an Xian linian chutu de beifangxi qingtongqi [The northern bronzes discovered from Qin’an county over the years]. Wenwu 2: 40–42. Xuzhou Bowuguan 1999. Xuzhou Neihua faxian Nanbeichao taoyong [Northern and Southern dynasties pottery figurines discovered at Neihua, Xuzhou]. Wenwu 3: 19–24. Yablonsky, L.T. 2000. ‘Scythian Triad’ and ‘Scythian World’, in J. Davis-Kimball, E. Murphy, L. Koryakova and L. Yablonsky (eds) Kurgans, Ritual Sites, and Settlements: Eurasian Bronze and Iron Age (BAR International Series 890): 3–12. Oxford: Archaeopress. Yablonsky, L.T. 2010. Prokhorovka. U istokov sarmatskoy arheologii. Moscow: Taus. Yablonsky, L.T. 2013. Zoloto sarmatskikh vozhdeii. Elitnyy nekropol’ Filippovka 1 (po materialam raskopok v period s 2004 po 2009 gold). Katalog kollekstii, I. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Yablonsky, L.T. 2015. Novyye neobyknovennyye nakhodki iz kurgana 1 mogil’nika Filippovka-1. Arkheologiya, Etnografiya i Antropologiya Evrazii 43 (2015/2): 97–108. Yablonsky, L.T. 2017. The Discovery of a Sarmatian Tattoo Toolkit in Russia, in L. Krutak and A. DeterWolf (eds) Ancient Ink: The Archaeology of Tattooing: 215–30. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press. Yablonsky, L. and A. Balachvancev 2013. Frühe Nomaden des südlichen Ural Vorlands anhand archäologischer Daten und narrative Quellen, in M. Treister and L. Yablonsky (eds) Einflüsse der achämenidischen Kultur im südlichen Uralvorland (5.–3. Jh. v. Chr.): 22–34. Vienna: Phoibus Verlag. Yablonsky, L.T. and D.V. Meshcheryakov 2007. Raskopki ‘carskogo’ kurgana v Filippovke (predvatitelnoe soobshchenie). Rossiyskaya Arkheologiya 2007/2: 55– 62. Yablonsky, L.T. and M.Yu. Treister 2019. New Archaeological Data on Achaemenid Influences in the Southern Urals. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 25/1: 59–78. 757 Bibliography Yablonsky, L.T. (ed.) 2008. Sokrovishcha sarmatskih vozhdej (materialy raskopok Filippovskih kurganov). Orenburg: Dimur Press. Yan Shizhong and Li Huairen 1992. Ningxia Xiji faxian yizuo qingtong shidai muzang [A newly discovered tomb from the Bronze Age in Xiji, Ningxia]. Kaogu 6: 573–74. Yang Hong 1985. Xinluo Tianma Zhong maju fuyuan yanjiu – jiantan Zhongguo gudai maju dui Haidong de yingxiang [Views on the reconstruction of the harness from the ‘Tianma Tomb’ in Silla – on the spread of the influence of the ancient Chinese horse harness to the Orient]. Kaogu yu wenwu 2: 87–95. Yang Jianhua 2004. Chunqiu Zhanguo shiqi Zhongguo beifang wenhuadai de xingcheng [The formation of Northern China cultural belt in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period]. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. Yang, Jianhua and K.M. Linduff 2013. A contextual explanation for ‘foreign’ or ‘steppic’ factors exhibited in burials at the Majiayuan cemetery and the opening of the Tianshan Mountain Corridor. Journal of East Asian Archaeology 1: 73–84. Yang Ningguo and Qi Yuezhang 1999. Ningxia Pengyang Xian jinnian chutu de beifangxi qingtongqi [Bronzes of the Northern System recently unearthed from Pengyang County, Ningxia]. Kaogu 12: 28–37. Yang Yueguang and Mao Ruilin 2015. Gansu Zhang Xian Dunping yizhi Dongzhou mudi [The cemetery at Dunping in Zhang County, Gansu, of the Eastern Zhou period]. Dazhong kaogu 2: 12–13. Yarshater, E. 1983. Iranian national history, in E. Yarshater (ed.) The Cambridge History of Iran: the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods: vol. 3/1, 359– 478. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Yashchenko, R.V. and A.A. Ambartsumyan 1999. O probleme karmina s tochki zreniya entomologa i filologa. TETHYS Entomological Research 1: 47–58. Almaty: TETHYS. Yassine, K. 1984. Tell el Mazar I: Cemetery A. Amman: University of Jordan. Yatsenko, S.A. 2001. Costume of the Yuech-Chichs. Silk Road Art and Archaeology 7: 73–120. Yatsenko, S.A. 2006. Kostyum drevney Eurasii: iranoyazychnyye narody. Moscow: ‘Oriental Literature’, Russian Academy of Sciences. Yatsenko, S.A. 2011. Clothing, vii. Of the Iranian Tribes on the Pontic Steppes and in the Caucasus. Encyclopaedia Iranica 7: 758–60. viewed 27th March 2018, <http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ clothing-vii>. Yetts, W.P. 1926а. Report on the Expeditions to Study Northern Mongolia Associated with the Mongol– Tibetan Expedition of P.K. Kozlóv by P.K. Kozlóv, S.A. Teploúkhov, G.I. Boróvka, B.B. Polýnov and V.I. Kryzhanóvski. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1926/3: 555–57. Yetts, W.P. 1926b. Discoveries of the Kozlóv Expedition. The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 48/277 (April): 168–69, 172–77, 180–82, 185. Yetts, W.P. 1929а. Chinese art in Berlin. The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 54/312 (March): 128, 132– 35, 139. Yetts, W.P. 1929b. Exhibition of Chinese Art in Berlin. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1929/2: 337–39. Yevdokimov, G.L. and V.Yu. Murzin 1984. Ranneskifskoe pogrebenie s oruzhiem iz Khersonskoy oblasti, in E.V. Chernenko (ed.) Vooruzhenie skifov i sarmatov: 75–82. Kiev: ‘Naukova Dumka’. Young, R.S. 1956. The Campaign of 1955 at Gordion: Preliminary Report. American Journal of Archaeology 60/3 (July): 249–66. Young, R.S. 1962. The 1961 Campaign at Gordion. American Journal of Archaeology 66/2 (April): 153– 68. Yu Yingshi 1967. Trade and Expansion in Han China. Berkeley: University of California Press. Yuan Zhongyi 1990. Qin Shihuang ling bingmayong yanjiu [A study of terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang mausoleum]. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. Yule, P. 2001. Die Gräberfelder in Samad al Shān (Sultanat Oman). Materialien zu einer Kulturgeschichte (OrientArchäologie 4). Rahden: Marie Leidorf (two volumes). Yusupova, T.I. 2011. Istoriya ne sovsem obychnogo arkheologicheskogo otkrytiya, in N.V. Polosmak, E.S. Bogdanov and D. Tseveendorj (eds) Dvadtsa noinulinsky kurgan: 9–52. Novosibirsk: Infolio Press. Zabelin, I.E. 1872a. Drevnosti Gerodotovoi Skifii. Sbornik opisanii arkheologicheskikh raskopok I nakhodok v Chernomorskikh stepjakh (Materialy i issledovanija po arkheologii Rossii). St. Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Science. Zabelin, I.E. 1872b. Drevnosti Gerodotovoi Skifii. Sbornik opisanii arkheologicheskikh raskopok i nakhodok v Chernomorskikh stepjakh (Materialy i issledovanija po arkheologii Rossii). St. Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Science. Zadnikov, S. 2009. Antichnaja keramika tretjei chetverti VII v. do n.e. iz raskopok na Bel’skom gorodische, in V.P. Kopylov (ed.) Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija v basseine Chernogo morja v skifo-antichnoe i hazarskoe vremja: sbornik statei po materialam XII mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii: 15–21. Rostov-on-Don: Rostov Pedagogical Institute. Zaitsev, Yu.P. 2003. Neapol’ skifskij (II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e.). Simferopol: Universum. Zaitsev, Yu.P. 2012a. Antichnaya keramika v ritualnyh (votivnyh) kladah Severnogo Prichernomorya, in Drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomorya III–II vv. do n.e.: 55– 66. Tiraspol: OOO ‘Remont vychislitel’noj tehniki’. Zaitsev, Yu.P. 2012b. Severnoe Prichernomore v III–II vv. do n.e.: ritualnye klady i arkheologicheskie kultury (postanovka problemy), in Drevnosti Severnogo 758 Bibliography Prichernomorya III–II vv. do n.e.: 67–72. Tiraspol: OOO ‘Remont vychislitelnoy tekhniki’. Zaitsev, Yu.P. 2013. Neapol’ Skifskiy – Ak-Kaya – Pantikapey: varvary Kryma i Bospor v II–I vv. do n.e., in M.Yu. Vakhtina, E.V. Gritsik, N.K. Zhizhina, S.V. Kashayev, N.A. Pavlichenko, O.Yu. Sokolova and V.A. Khrshanovskiy (eds) Bosporskiy fenomen. Greki i varvary na evraziyskom perekrestke: 499–506. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya. Zaitsev, Yu.P. 2014. Fortifikaciya kreposti Ak-Kaja / Vishennoe v Centralnom Krymu, in Voyna i voennoe delo v skifo-sarmatskom mire. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyaschennoy pamynati A.I. Melyukovoy (Kagalnik, 26–29 aprelya 2014 g.): 53–54. Rostov-on-Don: JuNC RAN. Zaitsev, Yu.P. 2015. Oboronitelnye sooruzheniya kreposti Ak-Kaya v Centralnom Krymu (epokha ellinizma i rimskiy period), in D.V. Zhuravlev (ed.) Mitridata duet veter. Bospor i Prichernomore v antichnuju jepohu. K 70-letiyu V.P. Tolstikova: 164–73. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Zaitsev, Yu.P. and S.G. Koltukhov 2016. Kurgan s kollektivnymi pogrebeniyami III–I vv. do n.e. iz nekropolya Ak-Kaya / Besh-Oba v Krymu. Stratum plus 2016/3: 99–127. Zaitsev, Ju.P., V.I. Mordvintseva and K. Hellstrjöm 2013. Radiouglerodnoe datirovanie zhenskogo yelitnogo pogrebeniya Nogaychinskogo kurgana (Krym) v kulturno istoricheskom kontekste, in I.N. Khrapunov (ed.) Krym v sarmatskuyu epokhu (II v. do n.e.–IV v. n.e.): vol. I, 44–59. Simferopol and Bahchisaray: ‘Dolya’. Zaitseva, G.I. and N.A. Bokovenko (eds) 2005. Evrazii v skifskuyu epokhu. Radiouglerodnaja i arkheologicheskaya khronologiya. St. Petersburg: ‘Teza’. Zaitseva, G.I. and M.A. Kulkova (eds) 2007. Radiouglerod v arkheologicheskikh i paleoekologicheskikh issledovaniyakh. Materialy konferentsii, posvyashchennojy50-letiyu radiouglerodnoy laboratorii IIMK RAN 9–12 aprelya 2007 g., Sankt-Peterburg. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Science and ‘Teza’. Zaitseva, G.I., N.A. Bokovenko, A.Yu. Alekseev, K. Chugunov and E.M. Scott (eds) 2007. Evrazija v skifskuju epokhu. Radiouglerodnaja i arkheologicheskaja khronologiya. St. Petersburg: ‘Teza’. Zaitseva, G.I., K.V. Chugunov, N.A. Bokovenko, V.A. Dergachev, V.G. Dirksen, B. Van Geel, M.A. Koulkova, L.M. Lebedeva, A.A. Sementsov, J. Van Der Plicht, E.M. Scott, S.S. Vasiliev, K.I. Lokhov and N. Bourova 2005. Chronological study of Archaeological Sites and Environmental Change around 2600 BP in the Eurasian Steppe Belt (Uyuk Valley, Tuva Republic). Geochronometria 24: 97–107. Zaitseva, G.I., K.V. Chugunov, A.Yu. Alexeev, V.A. Dergachev, S.S. Vasiliev, A.A. Sementsov, G.T. Cook, E.M. Scott, H. van der Plicht, N.A. Bokovenko, M.A. Kulkova, N.D. Burova, L.M. Lebedeva, H. Junger and E. Sonninen 2007. Istoriya i rezultaty radiouglerodnogo datirovaniya kurgana Arzhan, in Radiouglerod v arkheologicheskikh i paleoekologicheskikh issledovaniyakh (Materialy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 50-letiyu radiouglerodnoy laboratorii IIMK RAN, 9–12 aprelya 2007): 51–262. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Zaitseva, G.I., N.A. Dubova, A.A. Semenov, P. Raymar, J. Mallory and Х. Jünger 2008. Radiouglerodnaya khronologiya pamyatnika Gonur Depe. Trudy Margianskoy Arkheologicheskoy Ekspeditsii 2: 166–79. Zaitseva, G.I., K.V. Chugunov, H. Parzinger, A. Nagler, V.A. Dergačev, M. Scott, A.A. Semencov, S.S. Vasiliev, B. van Geel, J. van der Plicht and L.M. Lebedeva 2010. Die Radiokarbondaten, in K. Chugunov, H. Parzinger and A. Nagler (eds) Der skythenzeitliche Fürstenkurgan Aržan 2 in Tuva (Archäologie in Eurasien 26 / Steppenvölker Eurasiens 3): 169–76. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Zanoci, A. 1998. Fortificațiile geto-dacice din spațiul extracarpatic în secolele VI–III a. Chr. Bucharest: Vavil Edinf SRL. Zaoqi Qin Wenhua Lianhe Kaogudui and Zhangjiachuan Huizu Zizhixian Bowuguan 2009. Zhangjiachuan Majiayuan Zhanguo mudi 2007–2008 nian fajue jianbao [2007–2008 excavations on Majiayuan cemetery of Warring States period in Zhangjiachuan, Gansu]. Wenwu 10: 25–51. Zaoqi Qin Wenhua Lianhe Kaogudui and Zhangjiachuan Huizu Zizhixian Bowuguan 2010. Zhangjiachuan Majiayuan Zhanguo mudi 2008–2009 nian fajue jianbao [2008–2009 excavation of the Majiayuan graveyard of the Warring States in Zhangjiachuan]. Wenwu 10: 4–26. Zaoqi Qin Wenhua Lianhe Kaogudui and Zhangjiachuan Huizu Zizhixian Bowuguan 2012. Zhangjiachuan Majiayuan Zhanguo mudi 2010–2011 nian fajue jianbao [Report of the 2010–2011 excavations at the Majiayuan cemetery of the Warring States period in Zhangjiachuan, Gansu]. Wenwu 8: 4–26. Zasetskaya, I.P. 1994. Kultura kochevnikov yuzhnorusskikh stepey v gunnskuyu epokhu (konets IV–V v.). St. Petersburg: Ellips Ltd. Zasetskaya, I.P., M.M. Kazansky, I.R. Akhmedov and R.S. Minasyan 2007. Morskoy Chulek. Pogrebeniya znati iz Priazovya i ikh mesto v istorii plemen Severnogo Prichernomorya v postgunnskuyu epokhu. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Zawadzki, S. 2006. Garments Of The Gods: Studies On The Textile Industry And The Pantheon Of Sippar According To The Texts From The Ebabbar Archive. Munich: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht. Zeest, I.B. 1960. Keramicheskaja tara Bospora (Materialy i issledovanija po arkheologii SSSR = MIA 83). Moscow: Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. Zeymal, E. 1999. Tillya-Tepe within the context of the Kushan chronology, in M. Alram and D.E. KlimburgSalter (eds) Coins, Art, and Chronology. Essays on the 759 Bibliography pre-Islamic History of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands: 239– 44. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Zhao Deyun 2014. Study on the etched carnelian beads unearthed in China. Chinese Archaeology 14: 176–81. Zhao Feng and Yu Zhiyong (eds) 2000. Shamo wangzi yibao: Sichou Zhilu Niya yizhi chutu wenwu [Legacy of the desert king: textiles and treasures excavated at Niya on the Silk Road]. Xianggang: Yishatang fushi gongzuodui. Zhao Wucheng 2010a. Gansu Majiayuan Zhanguo mu mache de fuyuan – jiantan zushu wenti [The reconstruction of the chariots of the Warring States period in Majiayuan, Gansu]. Wenwu 6: 75–83. Zhao Wucheng 2010b. Gansu Majiayuan Zhanguo mu mache de fuyuan (xuyi) [Reconstruction of the chariots from Warring States tombs at Majiayuan, Gansu (supplement 1)]. Wenwu 11: 84–96. Zhelezchikov, B.F., V.M. Klepikov and I.V. Sergatskov 2006. Drevnosti Lebedevki (VI-II vv. do n.e.). Moscow: ‘Vostochnaya literatura’ RAN. Zhong Kan and Han Kongle 1983. Ningxia nanbu Chunqiu Zhanguo shiqi de qingtong wenhua [Bronze cultures of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in southernn Ningxia], in Zhongguo Kaogu Xuehui (ed.) Zhongguo Kaogu Xuehui disici nianhui lunwenji: 203–13. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe. Zhong Ri Gongtong Niya Yiji Xueshu Kaochadui and Nitchū Kyōdō Niya Iseki Gakujutsu Chōsatai 1999. Zhong Ri Ri Zhong gontong Niya xueshu diaocha baogao shu / Chū-Nichi Nitchū kyōdō Niya iseki gakujutsu chōsa hōkokusho [The report of the Sino-Japanese Japanese-Chinese joint scholarly investigation into the Niya site, vol. 2]. Wulumuqi: Zhong ri gongtong Niya yiji xueshu kaochadui / Tokyo: Nitchū kyōdō Niya iseki gakujutsu chōsatai. Zhongguo Lishi Bowuguan and Xinjiang Weiwu’er Zizhiqu Wenwuju (eds) 2002. Tianshan gudao dongxi feng: Xinjiang Sichou Zhilu wenwu teji [Special collection of antiquities from the Silk Road in Xinjiang]. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe. Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Kaogu Yanjiusuo Anyang Gongzuodui 1983. Anyang Xiaomintun Jin mu fajue baogao [Report on the excavations of a Jin dynasty grave in the village of Xiaomintun in Anyang]. Kaogu 6: 501–11. Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Kaogu Yanjiusuo Jishushi 1983. Anyang Jin mu maju fuyuan [Reconstruction of the accoutrements of a horse from a Jin dynasty burial in Anyang]. Kaogu 6: 554–59. Zhongguo Sichou Bowuguan, Xinjiang Weiwu’er Zizhiqu Wenwu Kaogu Yanjiusuo 2013. Hanhai chenzhou: Xinjiang Xiaohe mudi chutu maozhiwu zhengli yu yanjiu [Buried past in the desert: textiles from the Xinjiang Small River cemetery]. Hangzhou: Zhongguo sichou bowuguan. Zöllner, H., B. Ulrich and R. Rolle et al. 2007. Results of Geophysical Prospection in the Scythian Settlement of Belsk (Bol’šoe Belskoe Gorodišče), in A. Posluschny, K. Lambers and I. Herzog (eds) Layers of Perception: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) (Berlin, 2–6 April 2007): 25. Bonn: Rudolph Habelt. Zotova, S.V. 1965. Kovrovye ornamenty andronovskoy keramiki. Novoye v sovetskoy arkheologii: 177–81. Zuev, V.Yu. 1998a. Periodizatsiya arkheologicheskih pamyatnikov centralnoy chasti Evraziyskogo poyasa stepy I tys. do n.e. (po materialam yuzhnogo Priuralya), in A.D. Stolyar (ed.) Skify. Hazary. Slavjane. Drevnyaya Rus’. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii, posvyaschennoy 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora M.I. Artamonova, 9–12 dekabrja 1998 g.: 45–50. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Publishers. Zuev, V.Yu. 1998b. Prokhorovskie kurgany v yuzhnom Priurale i problema khronologii rannesarmatskoy kultury. Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidat istoricheskih nauk. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage. Zuev, V.Yu. 1999. O putyah resheniya ‘problemy III v. do n.e.’ v periodizatsii arkheologicheskih pamyatnikov sarmatskoy epokhi. Stratum plus 1999/3: 305–24. Zuev, V.Yu. 2000a. Problemy khronologii ‘rannesarmatskoy’ kultury i kurgany u derevni Prokhorovka, in V.Yu. Zuev (ed.) ΣΥΣΣΙΤΙΑ: pamyati Yuriya Viktorovicha Andreyeva: 304–30. St. Petersburg: Aleteyya Publishers. Zuev, V.Yu. 2000b. Osnovnye problemy khronologii ‘rannesarmatskoj’ kultury, in V.N. Myshkin (ed.) Rannesarmatskaya kultura: formirovanie, razvitie, khronologiya. Materialy IV mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii ‘Problemy sarmatskoj arkheologii i istorii’: vol. 1, 85–104. Samara: SNC RAN. Zuev, V.Yu. 2004. O nekotoryh popytkah modernizacii sarmatskoy periodizatsii, in I.I. Marchenko, M.G. Moshkova and B.A. Raev (eds) Sarmatskie kultury Evrazii: problemy regionalnoy khronologii. Doklady k 5-y mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii ‘Problemy sarmatskoy arkheologii i istorii’: 205–19. Krasnodar: OOO ‘Firma NSS’. Zuev, V.Yu. and R.B. Ismagilov 1995. Korsukovsky klad, in D.G. Savinov (ed.) Yuzhnaya Sibir v drevnosti. St. Petersburg: Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences. Zuo Ming 1974. Woguo chutu de shihua de rouhongshisui zhu [Etched carnelian beads found in China]. Kaogu 6: 382–85. Zuravlev, D.V., E.Yu. Novikova and M.S. Shemakhanskaya 2014. Yuvelirnye izdelija iz kurgana Kul-Oba v sobranii Istoricheskogo museja (Istoriko-tehnologicheskoe issledovanie) (Trudy gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeja 200). Moscow: State Historical Museum. 760 PUBLISHING SCHOLARLY ARCHAEOLOGY SINCE 1997 Print | eBooks | Journals | Open Access | Digital Subscription NOTICE FOR CONTRIBUTORS Masters of the Steppe: The Impact of the Scythians and Later Nomad Societies of Eurasia Proceedings of a conference held at the British Museum, 27-29 October 2017 SVETLANA PANKOVA (EDITOR), ST JOHN SIMPSON (EDITOR) This book presents 45 papers presented at a major international conference held at the British Museum during the 2017 BP exhibition 'Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia'. Papers include new archaeological discoveries, results of scientific research and studies of museum collections, most presented in English for the first time. CONTRIBUTOR PRICE £52.00 (RRP £80.00) + 10% postage and packaging OPEN ACCESS OPTIONS Green Open Access (no cost) You may self-archive your paper on your home institutional Open Access platform in the paper’s edited and corrected (but not formatted) version (with no embargo period); the full publication title, year of publication and link to the product page on the Archaeopress website should be listed alongside the Open Access paper. After a period of two years from the date of publication, you may post this same edited and corrected (but not formatted) version on general social and academic media sites such as Academia. Gold Open Access (£500.00 per paper +VAT if applicable) You may pay for your formatted paper to be made available in Open Access by Archaeopress at the same time as the full parent volume is published. This Open Access publication will take the form of a PDF download issued with a CC-BY-NC licence and will include the assigning of a DOI. It will be hosted on the Archaeopress website in addition to several other Open Access repositories with metadata being distributed to all major libraries. Upon publication you may immediately self-archive the final formatted pdf ‘offprint’ on your home institutional Open Access platform in addition to general social and academic media sites such as Academia. Free Download (£100.00 per paper +VAT if applicable) You may pay to have your paper made available as a free PDF download via the Archaeopress website at the same time as the full parent volume is published. This PDF edition would not be issued under a CC-BY-NC licence, it will be free to download from the Archaeopress website but not free to circulate further. You may post the paper’s edited and corrected (but not formatted) version on general social and academic media sites such as Academia immediately upon publication, rather than after the two-year embargo. Publisher: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Imprint: Archaeopress Archaeology Publication date: Jan 2021 Format: Paperback Price: £80.00 ISBN: 9781789696479 Language: English Extent: 802 pp Dimensions: 290 x 205 mm Pictures: 604 figures, 21 tables (colour throughout) Subject: Rock-Art / Semiotics Geographical area: Central and Eastern Europe ALTERNATIVE EDITION: Format: PDF ISBN: 9781789696486 HOW TO ORDER - 9781789696479 Post: Archaeopress, Summertown Pavilion, 18-24 Middle Way, Oxford OX2 7LG Tel: 01865 311914 | Fax: 01865 512231 | Enquiries: info@archaeopress.com Open Access: Please make my paper available in Gold Open Access or as a Please send me Free Download paperback copy/ies at the special price of £52.00 plus 10% postage and packing. Mastercard/Visa card number: Expiry date: Name and address for delivery: JOIN OUR MAILING LIST tinyurl.com/archaeopress-alerts FOLLOW US ​ ​ Signature: www.archaeopress.com 3-digit CSC code: Date: Email address:

RELATED PAPERS

pessanha

Bruno M. Silva

View PDF

Clinical Cancer Research

Impact of initial FGD-PET CT and Serum Free Light Chain on transformation of conventionally defined Solitary Plasmacytoma to Multiple Myeloma

2014 •

H. Demarquette

View PDF
Penggunaan Computer Science Pada Customer Relationship Management Menggunakan Sistematik Review

2018 •

tsalitsa luthfi

View PDF
Approximation of the truncated Zeta distribution and Zipf's law

2015 •

Maurizio Naldi

View PDF

Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University - Mathematics

Fractional Order Pettis Integral Equations with Multiple Time Delay in Banach Spaces

2014 •

fatima-zohra Mostefai

View PDF

Revista Brasileira de …

Atividade antibacteriana e interferência de Lantana camara L. e Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. na resistência de aminoglicosídeos

2011 •

Erlânio Oliveira de Sousa

View PDF

SSRN Electronic Journals

The disaster import of Plea Bargaining from Common Law to Civil Law, in Brazil

2022 •

Davi da Silva Ferreira Avelino Santana

View PDF

European Scientific Journal, ESJ

Diversité Et Activité Antimicrobienne Des Plantes Impliquées Dans Le Traitement Des Affections Dermatologiques Chez Les Peul Et Les Wolof Du Ferlo Nord (Sénégal)

2022 •

Gilles BOETSCH

View PDF

Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine

Anaemia-Related Knowledge Amongst Pregnant Women in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

2020 •

rohimah ismail

View PDF
Transformation Narratives and The Impact of Corporate Lobbying: The Politics of Performance

2010 •

Kim Blomley

View PDF

Revista Chilena de Antropología

La Problemática de la Cerámica Ychsma: El Estado de la Situación y Algunos Elementos de Discusión

2011 •

Francisco Berrios

View PDF

VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology

Analytical method applied for perfluororinated chemicals in water, sediment and fish by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

2017 •

Hùng Phạm

View PDF

Revista Tecnología en Marcha

Certificación energética de un edificio de oficinas

2021 •

Miriam Vilaragut Llanes

View PDF

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Shigella dysenteriae Type 1-SpecificBacteriophage from Environmental Waters inBangladesh

2003 •

Rasel Islam

View PDF

Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry

Avermectin B1b production optimization from Streptomyces avermitilis 41445 UV 45(m)3 using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

2014 •

Ahmad Damanhuri Adnan

View PDF
Sustainable stock management and landfills: introduction to Enhanced Landfill Management & Mining (ELFM2)

2016 •

Eddy Wille

View PDF

International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Digital Library Acceptance, and Dependency during Covid-19

2021 •

Dr Muhammad Noor Al Adwan

View PDF

Political Studies Review

Book Review: Richard Crockatt (ed.)., Einstein and Twentieth-Century Politics

2017 •

Ananya Sharma

View PDF

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Three‐dimensional seismic structure of a Mid‐Atlantic Ridge segment characterized by active detachment faulting (Trans‐Atlantic Geotraverse, 25°55′N‐26°20′N)

2012 •

juan canales

View PDF

International Journal of Radiology & Radiation Therapy

Empyema necessitans, a rare complication of empyema thoracis

2018 •

Bishwajit Bhowmik

View PDF

Marine Drugs

A Metabolomics Exploration of the Sexual Phase in the Marine Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata

2020 •

Camilla Borgonuovo

View PDF
重新申请毕业证书如何办理纽约州立大学水牛城分校毕业证成绩单改成绩UB毕业文凭证书《176555708微信》制作纽约州立大学水牛城分校毕业证外壳成绩单≙UB毕业证书案例荣誉学位证书;纽约州立大学水牛城分校TranscriptLeter Offer⋠the State University of New York学位文凭认证书

hjhds jyuttgf

View PDF

Revista Odontológica do Brasil Central

Avaliaçäo clínica do efeito da prótese parcial removível sobre a condiçäo dental e periodontal de desdentados parciais

1999 •

Claudio Leles

View PDF

The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

Terrestrial Laser Scanners Self-Calibration Study: Datum Constraints Analyses for Network Configurations

2015 •

Mohd Firdaus Mohd Ariff

View PDF
文凭购买《原版仿制波特贝洛学院文凭学历认证成绩单》（Q/微1954292140）《购买爱尔兰学位证、毕业证、成绩单学历学位认证成绩单》爱尔兰文凭证书英文仿制波特贝洛学院毕业证书样板成绩单电子版|原版复制爱尔兰文凭证书英文|波特贝洛学院留服认证做|爱尔兰 Degree

阿尔伯塔大学毕业证办理成绩单 购买加拿大TUA文凭学历证书

View PDF

RELATED TOPICS

Eurasian NomadsMuseumsMuseum and Heritage StudiesMuseums and CollectionsMuseums Collections HistoryXIONGNU ARCHEOLOGY, NOYON UULXiongnu ArchaeologyArchaeology of Xiongnu Empire