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Dacă în domeniul istoriei chineze cunoașterea ei în România nu depășește nivelul minimal, literatura clasică și medievală chineză este aproape necunoscută. Acum aproape 50 de ani s-a tipărit un dicționar al scriitorilor chinezi, s-a tradus „Visul din Pavilionul Roșu” al lui Cao Xueqin, ambele epuizate. Istoria literaturii chineze, editată la Cambridge, completează istoria politică. Aceste volume au fost descărcate de pe alte site-uri. Drepturile de autor aparțin editurii Cambridge University Press .
The Columbia History of Chinese Literature, edited by Victor H. Mair. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. Pp. xx + 1342. $78 (hardbound). It is difficult enough to write the history of a national literature where this history is relatively short, as in Russian or American literature. The problem becomes exponentially larger with a national literature that spans three millennia, and, measured by sheer volume of text, might well be larger than all other national literatures combined. Yet writing a history of Chinese literature is not impossible. Over the last century, a number of efforts have been made in various languages: many in Chinese, a good number in Japanese, and about twenty in European languages, including a few in English (none of which are mentioned in the book under review). Writing yet another history of Chinese literature has to take this fact into account because each new such history is built-not always consciously-on previous efforts. To a greater extent than is sometimes acknowledged, our own limitations are inherited. In some particular instances we might be successful in transcending this heritage; but for the larger part, we remain confined to it. Each new history of literature inevitably joins the process of canonizing, anthologizing, and tradition-making that is, to no small extent, the very subject under study. Thus, the conventional version of Chinese literary history that matches particular genres with particular dynasties-Han fu ,i, Tang shi * , Song ci *I-J, Yuan quiP , Ming-Qing xiaoshuo KAV /J\TR-is the direct result of such history-cum-canonization. This scheme simultaneously mirrors and confirms the prevalent research interests in Chinese literature, perpetuating the limitations of past inquiry as expectations for future work. Once accepted in a scholarly community, the reproduction of the conventional version reigns as a matter of convenience for all. As the editor of The Columbia History of Chinese Literature (hereafter: CHCL), Victor H. Mair submits that his volume transcends such limitations. In his own characteristic words, offered in the "Prolegomenon" (pp. xi-xiii) and "Preface" (xv-xviii), he declares that his history includes "the latest findings of critical scholarship" (p. xii). It is a work where "the history of Chinese literature is seen through entirely new prisms that transcend both time and genre" (p. xii). It is a volume packed "with as much basic information as possible" (p.xv) and built upon "rigorous marshalling of evidence" (p. xvi). It is also a history that "touches on such matters as the fuzzy interface between ?Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 26 (2004)
The article aims to rethink the pluralistic intellectual currents and social changes of the last centuries in China: how literati reacted to the historical changes, the economic developments, the collapse of the hierarchical order, and the social mobility from the end of the Ming to the middle of the Qing dynasty. Urbanisation, the great silver inflow, the acceleration of trade, and social mobility raised new challenges to the orthodox view of the world and to Neo-Confucian norms. These new attitudes of the Chinese literati – which can be inferred both from literary and philosophical works – uncover new attitudes in the mental structure of the intellectual strata of the time. In the history of ideas we notice a progressive detachment from the orthodox view of the conflictual relationship between principle and desires, especially in the ambit of the Taizhou school. The elaboration of a new anthropological mindset aimed at the rehabilitation of passions and desires culminated with Li Zhi. This trend went on in the Qing period, from Wang Fuzhi to Dai Zhen. Also in literature such trend, the so-called 'cult of qing ', can be found with the moral justification of emotion-desire (establishing emotion as a genuine and active source of virtue), and with the vitalistic identification of emotions as the source of life and reproduction. Another indication of the change of mentality is the challenge of common and accepted truisms through the praise of 'folly' in real life situations and literary works: to be 'crazy' and 'foolish' becomes a sign of distinction among certain intellectual circles, in contrast with the pedant orthodox scholars and officials and the vulgar nouveaux riches. The unconventional character of the anti-hero Baoyu is emblematic, with his aversion for any kind of official ceremony and convention, his abnormal sensibility and impractical and naïve mentality, and his consciousness of being different from others. The crisis of the established ladder of values can be seen in the exaltation of 'amoral' wisdom and in the presentation of various dimensions of love, from the idealistic sentiment of 'the talented student and the beautiful girl' to the metaphysical passion that overcomes death, and to the minimalist concept of ' love is like food ' in a carpe diem perspective. And finally another challenge is exemplified by Yuan Mei's reflections on the concept of Heavenly Mandate, retribution, human responsibility, and historical constructions by resorting to 'abnormal' phenomena to uncover the absurdity of reality and unconscious imagery. His questions testify the polyphonic debates of the late imperial China, besides established conventions and Neo-Confucian orthodoxy. KEY WORDS : Literati, modernisation, desires and principles, Li Zhi, cult of qing, foolishness, Yuan Mei, retribution, human responsibility
A review of the new book on Dunhuang manuscripts by Jean-Pierre Drège and Costantino Moretti.
Modern Chinese Literature and Culture
From "Ornament" to "Literature": An Uncertain Substitution in Nineteenth-Twentieth Century China2016 •
How could modern “literature” emerge in China? And what was its relation to the imperial ways of conceptualizing writing? This essay argues that modern “literature” was just one strategy among others of reconceptualizing the use of writing in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century China. First, the author shows that the ancient “study of wen” or wenxue—the word later used to translate “literature” in modern Chinese—has been seen by a Jesuit in the seventeenth century as an equivalent of rhetoric, and that this premodern discipline, at least in that period, resembled more the “study of wen” than the modern, post-eighteenth century “literature”: the object of rhetoric, like the object of the “study of wen,” was an “ornamented” form of writing that could be found in both “literary” and “non-literary” genres, and it was associated to both courtly and administrative uses of writing. Second, the author explains in more detail the ornamental and trans-generic features of the imperial wen. By following a number of texts from medieval times to the nineteenth century, he argues that the association between wen, literati sociability, and court and administrative practices, recurrently shaped discussions on text composition in imperial history until the late Qing (1644-1912). Third, and last, he deals with two strategies of reconceptualization of writing at the time when court society and imperial institutions were losing their central position as sources of authority for late Qing literati. The author argues that modern “literature” was just one strategy among others of reconciling the old wen with the demands of the modern concept of “nation”—a strategy that, in some respects, would be unable to expunge wen of the hierarchical inspiration it inherited from the ancient social order. By exposing different ways of conceptualizing aesthetic experience with writing, and by claiming that “literature” was only one conceptual strategy among others, this part of the essay contributes to an understanding of “literature” not as the necessary result of “modernization” or as a trans-historical institution, but as a contingency, as something that was not inevitable in modern Chinese history.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 9/3 (November 1999), 460–61.
Dominik Declercq, Writing Against The State: Political Rhetorics in Third and Fourth Century China1999 •
In this volume, "Chinese Literature," you will meet great minds among the Chinese literates. Since reading is a form of pleasure that has been enjoyed for thousands of years, literature gives us the opportunity to meet great writers in Chinese history who have distilled their thoughts on life and society. This book will track the development of literature from the pre-Qin Dynasty era to the last monarchal regime, the Qing Dynasty.
The following bibliography is a byproduct of the named authors’ article on “Northwestern Medieval Chinese” published in The Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics (ECLL). In its current form it primarily covers publications in Chinese, English, French, German and Japanese. It will be expanded and corrected in the future – any comments are welcome. Sven Osterkamp, Bochum [sven.osterkamp@rub.de] Christoph Anderl, Ghent [christoph.anderl@ugent.be] For producing this second expanded draft version, many thanks for corrections and suggestions for additions are due to: CHÉN Huáiyǔ 陈怀宇, D. Neil SCHMID, Kirill SOLONIN and WÁNG Dīng 王丁. Furthermore, special thanks for their generous support in procuring copies of several difficult-to-obtain publications go to TAKEUCHI Yasunori 武内康則 and YOSHIDA Yutaka 吉田豊.
2014 •
Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research
Desenvolvimento de um modelo murino de colonização nasal por Staphylococcus aureus / Development of a murine model of nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus2021 •
2018 •
Applied Ecology and Environmental Research
The Efficiency of Biological Control Treatments of Codling Moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) on Three Different Apple Varieties2018 •
2014 •
Revista HUMANITAS
Afrontamiento del diagnóstico de muerte por parte de acompañantes de niñas(os) con cáncer terminal2013 •
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Hypersensitivity reactions to measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in patients with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy2019 •
2012 •
2016 •
Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics
Mac Williams identities for linear codes as Riemann-Roch conditions2017 •
African Journal of Microbiology Research
Assessing the polymorphism of DHFR gene from Plasmodium falciparum in the south of Cte dIvoire2020 •
Poultry Science
Impact of deep pectoral myopathy on chemical composition and quality parameters of chicken breast fillet2021 •
Jambura Journal of Health Sciences and Research
Determinant of Sadari Behavior in the Early Detection Effort of Breast Cancer Among Female Students in the Public Health Faculty of Cenderawasih UniversityJournal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
Adenovirus Hepatitis in a Boa Constrictor (Boa Constrictor)2000 •
Ethnohistory
Lettered Artists and the Languages of Empire: Painters and the Profession in Early Colonial Quito2020 •
Projection and implementation of a model for a game rental system
Projection and implementation of a model for a game rental system2023 •
Translational behavioral medicine
Implementation of an evidence-based biobehavioral treatment for cancer patients2017 •