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Garuda subduing a serpent by luve on DeviantArt
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The Garuda is a legendary bird or bird-like creature in Hindu mythology, Buddhism and Jain. He is the various mountain vehicle ( vahana ) of the Hindu god Vishnu, patron of Dharma and Astasena in Buddhism, and Yaksha of Jain Tirthankara Shantinatha.

Garuda is described as a king of birds and a figure like a kite. She is shown either in the form of zoomorphic (a giant bird with partially open wings) or an anthropomorphic shape (humans with wings and some bird features). Garuda is generally a protector with the power to quickly go anywhere, always alert and enemies of the snake. He is also known as Tarkshya and Vynateya .

Garuda is part of the state symbols in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia. The official Indonesian emblem is centered on Garuda. The national symbol of Indonesia is called Garuda Pancasila .


Video Garuda



Hinduism

In Hinduism, Garuda is an eagle like the sun and birds. A Garutman is mentioned in Rgveda which is described as a sky god with wings. The Shatapatha Brahmana is embedded within the Yajurveda text mentions Garuda as personification of courage. At Mahabharata , Garutman is the same as Garuda, then described as a fast person, who can change shapes and go anywhere. He is a strong creature in the epic, whose wings are packed to stop the spinning of heaven, earth and hell. He is depicted as a vehicle of the mountain of the Hindu god Vishnu, and usually they are shown together.

According to George Williams, Garuda has a verb root gri , or speaks. He is a metaphor in the Vedic literature for Rik (rhythm), Saman (sound), Yajna (sacrifice), and atman (Self, deepest level of consciousness). In Purana, says Williams, Garuda becomes the literal embodiment of the idea, and the inherent and inseparable Self of the Supreme Self (Vishnu). Although Garuda is an important part of the mythology of Vaishnavism, it also stands out in the mythology of Shaivism, the Shaiva texts such as Garuda Tantra and Kirana Tantra, and the Shiva temple as a bird and as a metaphor > atman .

Iconography

The Hindu texts on Garuda iconography vary in detail. If in the form of a bird, he is like a hawk, usually with a slightly open wing as if ready and willing to fly wherever he needs to. In human form, he may have a nose like a hawk, a beak or leg, his eyes open and large, his body is emerald, his wings are golden yellow. He may be shown with two or four hands. If he does not bring Vishnu, he holds a bottle of amrita (nectar of eternity) in one hand behind and an umbrella in the other, while a pair of front arms is in anjali (namaste) posture. If he carries Vishnu, the back hand provides support for Vishnu's feet.

According to Silharatna's text, Rao said, Garuda is best described with only two hands and with four color bands: "golden yellow from leg to knee, white from knee to navel, red from navel to neck, and black on the neck ". His hands, recommending the text, should be in abhaya (nothing to be afraid of) posture. In Sritatvanidhi text, the iconography recommended for Garuda is a kneeling figure, wearing one or more snakes, pointing to a beak-like nose, both hands in a namaste posture. This style is usually found in Hindu temples dedicated to Vishnu.

In some iconography, Garuda took Vishnu and his two daughters beside him: Lakshmi (Thirumagal) and Bh? Mi (Bhuma-Devi).

Garuda Ionography is found in early Indian temples, such as at the bottom of the eave at Cave 3 entrance of Badami cave caves (6th century).

Mythology

Garuda mythology is associated with Aruna - solar regulator (Sun God). However, Indian mythology is different, inconsistent throughout the text. Both grow from eggs. According to one version, states George Williams, two wives Kashyapa Prajapati, Vinata and Kadru want to have children. Kashyapa gave them a boon. Kadru asked for a thousand sons of N'ga, while Vinata wanted two. Kashyapa bless them, and then go into the forest. Later, Kadru gave birth to a thousand eggs, while Vinata gave birth to two eggs. It was incubated for five hundred years, in which Kadru broke open eggs and out came his 1,000 sons. Vinata excited for her children, breaking one of the eggs from which came the partially formed Aruna, which looked radiant and ruddy as the morning sun but not as bright as the afternoon sun.

Vinata waited, and then the fully developed Aruna's brother, Garuda, was born. Garuda then went to war with his stepbrother, the Dragon.

Some myths show Garuda as so large that it can block the sun. The text Garuda Purana is named after him.

Garuda is presented in Mahabharata mythology as a person who eats the flesh of snakes, as the story of him planning to kill and eat the Sumukha snake, where Indra tries to intervene. Garudas is also a bird race that eats snakes in epic.

Symbolism

Garuda's relationship with Lord Vishnu - a Hindu god who fights injustice and destroys evil in his various avatars to preserve dharma, has made him an iconic symbol of the king's duty and power, the symbol of the king or dharma. An eagle-like form is shown either by itself or with Vishnu, signifying the divine approval of state power. He was found on the faces of many early Hindu royal coins with this symbolism, either as a single-headed bird or a three-headed bird overseeing all sides.

Throughout Mahabharata, Garuda is called as a symbol of violent power, speed, and martial arts. The tough warrior advanced rapidly to the accursed enemy that was equated with Garuda swooping up the snake. Defeated fighters like snakes are beaten by Garuda. The Mahabharata Drona character uses a military formation named after Garuda. Krishna even carries a picture of Garuda on its banner.

Maps Garuda



Buddhism

Garuda, also referred to as Garula (Pali), is a golden winged bird in Buddhist texts. Under the Buddhist concept of sa? S? Ra , they are one of A ?? agatya ?, eight classes of inhuman beings. In Buddhist art, they are shown as sitting and listening to the Buddha's discourses. They are the enemy of Nagas (snake) and are therefore sometimes depicted with a snake held in between his claws. Like the Hindu art, both the zoomorphic and the anthropomorphic iconography (some birds, some humans) are common in Buddhism.

In Buddhism, Garuda is a large predator bird with 330 yojanas wingspan. They are described as being with intelligence and social organization. Another name for Garuda is supar? A (P? Li: supa ?? a ), which means "winged good, has good wings". Like the Dragon, they combine the characteristics of animals and divine beings, and can be regarded as one of the lowest gods. The Garudas have kings and towns, and at least some of them have supernatural powers turned into human forms when they want to connect with people. On several occasions the Garuda kings have had a romance with human women in this form. Where do they live in a forest of trees cymbals? , or cotton trees.

The story of Jataka describes them as Nagadipa or Seruma residents.

Garuda is the enemy for n? Ga, the race of creatures that resemble snakes or dragons, which they hunt. The Garudas at one time caught the gas by catching them above their heads; but nm was learning that by swallowing big rocks, they could make themselves too heavy to carry by Garudas, wear them and kill them out of exhaustion. This secret was revealed to one of Garudas by the Karambiya ascetic, who taught him how to grab a tail and force him to spit out his stone (Pandara J? Taka, J.518).

The Garudas is one of the creatures designated by "akra to keep Sumeru Mountain and the heaven of the asuras' assault.

In the Maha-samaya Sutta (Digha Nikaya 20), the Buddha is shown to make temporary peace between the Dragon and the Garudas.

In the Qing Dynasty fiction The Story of Yue Fei (1684), Garuda sits on the head of the Buddha's throne. But when the celestial bat (the manifestation of the Aquarius constellation) subsides during the Buddha describing the Lotus Sutra, Garuda kills him and is exiled from heaven. He was later reborn as Song Dynasty General Yue Fei. The beater was reborn as Lady Wang, wife of Prime Minister Qin Hui, and was instrumental in formulating the plot of "East Window" that led to Yue's eventual political execution. Interesting to note The story of Yue Fei plays on the legendary feud between Garuda and the Dragon when the heavenly-born bird Yue Fei defeated the magical snake that turned into an unnatural spear which he used throughout his military career. The literary critic C. T. Hsia explains the reason why Qian Cai, the author of the book, links Yue to Garuda is due to homology in their Chinese names. Yue Fei's honor name is Pengju (??). A Peng (?) Is a gigantic mythological bird equated with the Roc Middle East. The Chinese name of Garuda is the Great Peng, the King of Golden Winged Wings (??????).

Garuda, fairy bird vector â€
src: st2.depositphotos.com


Jainism

The garuda is yaksha or guardian for Shantinatha in Jain iconography and mythology. Jain's iconography shows Garuda as a human figure with wings and circles.

The Garuda in Thailand â€
src: static5.depositphotos.com


As a cultural and national symbol

In India, Indonesia, and throughout Southeast Asia the symbolism of eagles is represented by Garuda, a large bird with features like the eagles that appear in Hindu and Buddhist epics as Vehana (vehicle) god Vishnu. Garuda became the national symbol of Thailand and Indonesia; Garuda Thailand is made with a more traditional anthropomorphic style, while Indonesian style is displayed with heraldic style with features similar to the original Javanese eagle.

India

India primarily uses Garuda as a self-defense motif:

  • Garud Commando Force is an Indian Air Force Special Forces unit, specializing in operations far behind enemy lines.
  • The Indian Army Guard Brigade uses Garuda as their symbol
  • The elite bodyguards of the Hoysala Kings of the Middle Ages are called Garudas
  • Kerala and Andhra pradesh state land transportation companies use Garuda as the name for bus moffusil/c
  • Batu Garuda, rocky cliffs at Tirumala in Andhra pradesh
  • The symbol of the 13th-century Aragalur leader, Magadesan, including Rishabha the sacred bull and Garuda

Cambodia

The word Garuda (Khmer: ????? - " Krud ") is literally from Sanskrit.

  • In Cambodia, Khmer architects have been using Garuda statues as a beautiful ornament to complement temples, monasteries and many elite houses since ancient times, especially from the era of the Khmer empire to the present.
  • Garuda is also mentioned in many legendary tales as the vehicle of Vishnu and its main rival is Dragon.

Indonesia

Indonesia uses Garuda, called Garuda Pancasila, as its national symbol. This is somewhat related to the concept of phoenix.

  • Garuda Pancasila colored or golden gold, symbolizes the greatness of the nation and is a representation of Javanese eagle or Javanese eagle Nisaetus bartelsi . The black color symbolizes nature. There are 17 feathers on each wing, 8 on the lower tail, 19 on the upper tail and 45 on the neck, representing the date of Indonesia proclaiming its independence: August 17, 1945. The shield he brought with Indonesian Panca Sila symbolizes self-defense and protection in the struggle.
  • The national airline of Indonesia is Garuda Indonesia.
  • The Indonesian National Army The UN peacekeeping mission is known as the Garuda Troop or the Garuda Contingent
  • Airlangga University, one of the oldest and leading universities in Indonesia, uses Garuda on its emblem. The emblem, which contains Garuda in blue and yellow circles, is called "Garudamukha", and describes Garuda as the bearer of knowledge, carrying a pitcher of Amrita, eternal water, symbolizing eternal knowledge.
  • In Bali and Java Garuda has become a cultural symbol, wooden sculpture and Garuda mask are popular artwork and souvenirs.
  • In Bali, we can find the highest 18-meter tall Garuda statue made of tons of copper and brass. This statue is located in Garuda Wisnu Kencana complex.
  • Garuda has been identified as Indonesia's national football team in an international match, "The Garuda Team".
  • Stylish brushstrokes that resemble Garuda appear in the Asian Games Asian Southeast 2011 logo, held in Palembang and Jakarta, Indonesia.
  • The style curve that takes the form of Garuda Pancasila appears in the logo of the tourism campaign of Wonderful Indonesia.
  • Garuda is an inspiration for national costume worn by Puteri Indonesia in the beauty contest of Miss Universe 2012 and Miss Universe 2016.

Japanese

  • Karura (????) is a divine being with a human body and a bird-like head in a Japanese Hindu-Buddhist epic.
  • This name is a transliteration of Garuda (Sanskrit: Garu? a ???? Ã,; P? li: Garu? a) a huge giant bird race in Hinduism, where the Japanese Buddhist version is based. The same creature can go by the name konjich? (????, lit. "golden winged bird", Skr. supar? a).

Mongolia

  • Garuda, known as Khangarid, is the symbol of the Mongolian capital Ulan Bator. According to popular Mongol beliefs, the Khangarid is the mountain spirit of the Bogd Khan Uul range that follows Buddhism. Today he is considered a guardian of the mountains and a symbol of courage and honesty.
  • Khangarid (???????), soccer teams (soccer) in the Mongolian Premier League are also named Garuda.
  • Garuda Ord (???????), a private construction and trading company based in Ulaanbaatar, also named Garuda.
  • The Garuda Country (????????) is a title awarded to the first champion in a wrestling tournament during the Naadam Mongolian National Festival.

Myanmar

  • In Burmese epics, influenced by Hindu-Buddhist beliefs, Garuda is known as Galone, the enemy of N? gas.

Nepal

Garuda is found in the Hindu and Buddhist traditions of Nepal.

Suriname

  • In Suriname, there is a radio and TV station called Radio en Televisie Garuda, which broadcasts programs from Indonesia, especially Java, aimed at the population of Suriname Java.

Thai

Thailand uses Garuda (Thailand: ????, khrut ) as a national symbol, as well as their currency.

  • One form of Garuda used in Thailand as a sign of the royal family is called Khrut Pha, which means "Garuda, vehicle (Vishnu)."
  • The Kingdom of Siam has pictures of Garuda in their coins since at least the Ayutthaya era.
  • Garuda's statues and pictures decorate many Buddhist temples in Thailand. It has also become a symbol of Thai culture.
  • The figure of Garuda is also installed as a puppet or masthead from Thailand's royal barge.

Garuda Bird for Protection Against Illness
src: www.fsmegamall.com


Gallery

Insignia
Coins
Temple



In other media

A Garuda is voiced by Robin Williams appearing in the movie Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb .


See also




Note




External links

  • The Garu? a Purana (SÃÆ' Â ¢ roddhÃÆ' Â ¢ ra), by Ernest Wood and S.V.Subramanyam, 1918 (Online, PDF downloadable) archive.org
  • The Garuda Purana (Wood and Subrahmanyam translation, 1911) at sacred-texts.com
  • Garuda Purana

Source of the article : Wikipedia

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