2019 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)
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2379-2140/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/ICDAR.2019.00043
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/QK BM / Ti iBQM (kk)X
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m;K2Mi iBQMbX //BiBp2 r?Bi2 : mbbB M MQBb2 Bb mb2/ iQ
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7 +iQ` iQ i?2 BMi2MbBivX
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Authorized licensed use limited to: TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on May 16,2020 at 17:58:05 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
1H biB+ /BbiQ`iBQM m;K2Mi iBQM, AM ? M/r`Bii2M i2ti
i?2`2 2tBbib ?B;? p `B #BHBiv BM +? ` +i2` b? T2b /m2 iQ
KQiBQM Q7 i?2 ? M/ M/ i?2 /Bz2`2Mi ? M/r`BiBM; bivH2b
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2H biB+ /BbiQ`iBQM- r?B+? ? b #22M mb2/ bm++2bb7mHHv 7Q`
? M/r`Bii2M / i m;K2Mi iBQM BM i?2 T bi (kj)X
BM pB`im H /p2`b `B H i` BMBM; UohVX h?Bb K2i?Q/ BMi`Q@
/m+2b i?2 HQ+ H /2MbBiv bKQQi?M2bb UG.aV HQbb i2`K- r?B+?
K2 bm`2b i?2 bi #BHBiv Q7 i?2 M2irQ`F,
LG.a (x) = DEG [h(x), h(x + rvadv )]
URV
r?2`2 radv Bb i?2 /p2`b `B H b KTH2 rBi? M2irQ`F QmiTmi
i?2 7m`i?2bi r v 7`QK x i? i Bb i KQbi /Bbi M+2 Q7 ε
7`QK Bi, rvadv = `; K tr;r2 ≤ε DEG [h(x), h(x + r)]X
AM T` +iB+2- DEG Bb `2TH +2/ #v i?2 Gk MQ`K- M/ rvadv
Bb +QKTmi2/ mbBM; i?2 b2+QM/@Q`/2` h vHQ` TT`QtBK iBQM
g
b rvadv ≈ ε g
- r?2`2 g = ∇r D[h(x), h(x + r)]X
2
AM Qm` rQ`F- r2 i2bi i?2 mb2 Q7 i?Bb HQbb 7Q` i` Mb/m+iBp2
H2 `MBM; #v TTHvBM; Bi QM b KTH2b 7`QK i?2 i2biBM; /Bbi`B@
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QM i?2 LBM7 MQ`K- r?B+? H2 /b iQ i?2 bHB;?iHv KQ/B}2/
7Q`KmH iBQM Q7
UkV
rvadv ≈ ε · bB;M(g)
"X *QMpQHmiBQM H _2+m``2Mi L2m` H L2irQ`F
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+H bbB}+ iBQM (k8) HQbb- bBM+2 Bi /Q2b MQi `2[mB`2 T`BQ`
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7`QK i?2 i2bi / i /Bbi`B#miBQM- `2;mH `Bx iBQM Bb F2v iQ
pQB/ Qp2`}iiBM; iQ i?2 i` BMBM; /Bbi`B#miBQMX q2 2t KBM2
irQ K2i?Q/b, +QMp2MiBQM H /`QTQmi (RN)- r?B+? Bb rB/2Hv
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i? i BM/22/ mbBM; `2;mH `Bx iBQM /` biB+ HHv BKT`Qp2b i?2
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QmiTmi QM i?2 T2`Kmi2/ b KTH2 x + η M/ i?2 QM2@?Qi
p2+iQ` Q7 i?2 H #2H y Q7 i?2 b KTH2 x Bb KBMBK HX h?2 HQbb
i2`K T2` b KTH2 Bb ;Bp2M #v Ladv = DEG (h(x + η), y)r?2`2 h(x) Bb p2+iQ` Q7 Qmi+QK2 T`Q# #BHBiB2b- M/ η =
ε · bB;M(∇x DEG (h(x), y))X
b i?2 QmiTmi Q7 Qm` M2irQ`F Bb Q7 p `vBM; H2M;i? M/
Bb MQi HB;M2/ rBi? i?2 i `;2i b2[m2M+2- r2 +? M;2 i?2
h HQbb iQ #2 Ladv = LCT C (h(x + η), y)- r?2`2 η = ε ·
bB;M(∇x LCT C (h(x), y))X
LG.a (x) =
T
D[ht (x), ht (x + rvadv )]
UjV
t=0
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h?2 ivT2 Q7 H2 `MBM; BM r?B+? i?2 KQ/2H ? b ++2bb iQ mM@
H #2H2/ b KTH2b 7`QK i?2 i2biBM; b2i Bb + HH2/ i` Mb/m+iBp2
H2 `MBM;X aBM+2 r2 7QmM/ MQ i` Mb/m+iBp2 H2 `MBM; K2i?Q/
BM i?2 HBi2` im`2 i? i Bb bmBi #H2 7Q` _LL `+?Bi2+im`2b- r2
#Q``Qr 7Qm` K2i?Q/b 7`QK i?2 }2H/b Q7 /QK BM / Ti iBQM
M/ b2KB@bmT2`pBb2/ H2 `MBM;- / Ti i?2K iQ >*_ M/
+QKT `2 i?2B` T2`7Q`K M+2b `2; `/BM; Qm` T`Q#H2KX
L+Hb (xs , ys )
KBM K t E [log(Cd (xt ))] + E [log(1 − Cd (xs ))]
Cd
F
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xs
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QM/ HQbb + mb2b i?2 /QK BM +H bbB}+ iBQM M2irQ`F M/
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r?BH2 i?2 /QK BM +H bbB}2` i`B2b iQ /BbiBM;mBb? #2ir22M
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i?2 72 im`2b `BbBM; 7`QK b KTH2b BM i?2 irQ /QK BMb b
BM/BbiBM;mBb? #H2 b TQbbB#H2- i?2 HQ;B+ #2BM; i? i B7 bBKBH `
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2` HBx2/ BM (Rk) iQ #2 mb2/ BM M mMbmT2`pBb2/ K MM2`
217
Authorized licensed use limited to: TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on May 16,2020 at 17:58:05 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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;`22BM;X
q2 MQi2 i? i (Ry) mb2 p HB/ iBQM b2i iQ 2biBK i2
7mM+iBQM Q7 i?2 M2irQ`F ++m` +v # b2/ QM i?2 MmK#2`
Q7 M2irQ`Fb ;`22BM; M/ i?2 QmiTmi Q7 i?2 M2irQ`FX
h?2v i?2M mb2 i?2 2biBK i2/ ++m` +v b i?2 +QM}/2M+2
K2 bm`2X aBM+2 r2 Q#b2`p2/ i? i i?2 M2irQ`F ++m` +v
QM bvMi?2iB+ / i /Q2b MQi T`2/B+i ++m` +v QM ?BbiQ`B+ H
/ i - r2 /Q MQi 2KTHQv bm+? p HB/ iBQM b2i M/ mb2 i?2
MmK#2` Q7 M2irQ`Fb ;`22BM; /B`2+iHvX
oX 1tT2`BK2Mib
hQ i2bi Qm` 7` K2rQ`F r2 mb2 b2i Q7 Red BK ;2b Q7
?BbiQ`B+ H ? M/r`Bii2M K Mmb+`BTib 7`QK i?2 #E Ƕ@;/ Kb
UE / KV +QHH2+iBQM- +QMi BMBM; K Mmb+`BTib KQbiHv / iBM;
7`QK `QmM/ i?2 RRi? iQ R9i? +2Mim`B2bX 1 +? BK ;2
+QMi BMb 7Qm` iQ }p2 HBM2b- iQi HBM; 3kN HBM2bX h?2 BK ;2b
`2 BM `2H iBp2Hv ;QQ/ +QM/BiBQM- v2i +QMi BM T`Q#H2Kb b22M
BM ?BbiQ`B+ H / i bm+? b BMF bT`2 /BM;- 7 /2/ +? ` +i2`b
M/ b+ MMBM; `iB7 +ibX
h?2 i` Mb+`BTiBQM Q7 i?2 BK ;2b BM i?2 i2bi / i b2i r b
+`2 i2/ 7Q` hB#2i M `2b2 `+? Tm`TQb2b M/ MQi bT2+B}+ HHv
7Q` i?Bb `2b2 `+?X M 2t KTH2 Q7 i?2 i` Mb+`BTiBQM BM
i?2 i2bi / i b2i +QKT `2/ iQ i?2 2t +i H2ii2`@#v@H2ii2`
i` Mb+`BTiBQM Q7 M 2t KTH2 K Mmb+`BTi + M #2 b22M BM
6B;X jX h?2`2 `2 bQK2 BM+QMbBbi2M+B2b #2ir22M i?2 i2ti
BM i?2 BK ;2b M/ i?2 i` Mb+`BTiBQM i2ti- + mb2/ #v irQ
K BM `2 bQMb, UBV h?2 b+`B#2b mb2 ##`2pB iBQMb 7`2[m2MiHv M/ BM K Mv + b2b i?2 i` Mb+`BTiBQM BM+Hm/2b i?2 7mHH
7Q`K Q7 i?2 BMi2M/2/ i2ti M/ MQi i?2 ##`2pB iBQMc M/
UBBV /Bz2`2M+2b BM r`BiBM;- bm+? b r`BiBM; MmK#2` M/
bT2HHBM; MmK#2`X b `2bmHi- i?2 T2`7Q`K M+2 r2 Q#i BM
Bb HQr2` #QmM/ Q7 i?2 +im H `2bmHib Q7 i?2 KQ/2HbX
>Qr2p2`- b i?2 2``Q`b BM i?2 / i b2i z2+i HH KQ/2Hb
bBKBH `Hv- Bi Bb b 72 iQ b v i? i i?2b2 2``Q`b /Q MQi z2+i
i?2 +QKT `BbQM #2ir22M i?2 /Bz2`2Mi K2i?Q/bX
hQ K2 bm`2 i?2 T2`7Q`K M+2 Q7 /Bz2`2Mi K2i?Q/b r2 mb2
i?2 bi M/ `/ +? ` +i2` 2``Q` ` i2 U*1_V K2 bm`2 /2}M2/
b
*X *v+H2: M 7Q` oBbm H .QK BM / Ti iBQM
q2 Q#b2`p2 i? i m;K2Mi iBQM i? i #`BM;b i?2 i` BMBM;
/Bbi`B#miBQM b +HQb2 b TQbbB#H2 iQ i?2 i2biBM; /Bbi`B#miBQM
Bb +`m+B HX J TTBM; BK ;2b #2ir22M irQ BK ;2 /Bbi`B#m@
iBQMb- rBi?Qmi `2HvBM; QM K i+?BM; b KTH2b BM i?2 irQ
/QK BMb- Bb i?2 ;Q H Q7 mMbmT2`pBb2/ /QK BM K TTBM;
K2i?Q/b- BM+Hm/BM; *v+H2:L (d)X h?Bb K2i?Q/ r b mb2/
BM i?2 T bi iQ ;2M2` i2 ? M/r`Bii2M *?BM2b2 +? ` +i2`b (3)X
q2 i`B2/ iQ mb2 *v+H2:L b M m;K2Mi iBQM K2i?Q/
M/ b i` Mb/m+iBp2 H2 `MBM; K2i?Q/X b m;K2Mi iBQMBi /B/ MQi T2`7Q`K b r2HH b i?2 2M;BM22`2/ m;K2Mi iBQM
K2i?Q/b- /2bTBi2 T`Q/m+BM; ii` +iBp2 HQQFBM; BK ;2bX b
i` Mb/m+iBp2 H2 `MBM; K2i?Q/- r2 2KTHQv Bi BM i?2 Qi?2`
/B`2+iBQM- i? i Bb- iQ i` Mb7Q`K i?2 i2bi BK ;2b iQ #2@
+QK2 pBbm HHv bBKBH ` iQ i?2 i` BMBM; BK ;2bX h?2 K2i?Q/
T`Q/m+2b +H2 M #BM `v BK ;2b- b b?QrM BM 6B;X 9X h?2b2
BK ;2b `2 #2ii2` i i2bi iBK2 i? M i?Qb2 Q#i BM2/ #v
M Bp2 #BM `Bx iBQM T`Q+2bbX >Qr2p2`- i?2 `2bmHib Bi vB2H/b
`2 rQ`b2 i? M i?Qb2 Q#i BM2/ mbBM; i?2 Q`B;BM H BK ;2bX
.X a2H7@amT2`pBbBQM 7Q` h` Mb/m+iBp2 H2 `MBM;
S`2pBQmb rQ`F (Ry) ? b b?QrM BKT`2bbBp2 `2bmHib r?2M
mbBM; b2H7@bmT2`pBbBQM BM i?2 }2H/ Q7 b2KB@bmT2`pBb2/ ? M/@
r`BiBM; `2+Q;MBiBQMX AM i?Bb K2i?Q/- i?2 M2irQ`F Bb }`bi
i` BM2/ QM H #2H2/ / i - 7QHHQr2/ #v b2p2` H Bi2` iBQMb
r?2`2 Bi Bb `2i` BM2/ QM bm#b2i Q7 mMbmT2`pBb2/ / i - 7Q`
r?B+? Bib QrM QmiTmi r b `2+Q;MBx2/ rBi? ?B;? +QM}/2M+2mbBM; i? i QmiTmi b H #2HbX
q2 TTHv b2H7@bmT2`pBbBQM #v `2i` BMBM; i?2 M2irQ`F QM
+QM}/2Mi QmiTmi QM i?2 ?BbiQ`B+ H i2bi / i X 6Q` i?Bb-
+QM}/2M+2 K2 bm`2 Bb M22/2/X q2 2tT2`BK2Mi rBi? irQ
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Q7 bBM;H2@H2ii2` 2/Bib `2[mB`2/ iQ +? M;2 QM2 rQ`/ BMiQ i?2
Qi?2`VX qQ`/ 2``Q` ` i2 Bb H2bb `2H2p Mi 7Q` hB#2i M- r?2`2
KQbi rQ`/b `2 /BbvHH #B+ M/ i?2 b2T ` iBQM #2ir22M
bvHH #H2b Bb bB;MB}2/ mbBM; ib?2;X
218
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6B;X kX AHHmbi` iBQM Q7 i?2 i` BMBM; T`Q+2/m`2 rBi? .LL //2/ iQ i?2 *LL QmiTmi M/ _LL QmiTmiX
6B;X jX 1t KTH2 Q7 i` Mb+`BTiBQM 2``Q`bX #Qp2 Bb i?2 i2bi BK ;2 M/ #2HQr Bb i?2 ;`QmM/ i`mi? i` Mb+`BTiBQMX G2ii2`b QKBii2/ 7`QK i?2
Q`B;BM H K Mmb+`BTi `2 K `F2/ BM TBMFX G2ii2`b i? i r2`2 +? M;2/ `2 K `F2/ BM ;`22MX
hQ pQB/ `2 +?BM; i?2 TQBMi Q7 Qp2`}iiBM; r?BH2 MQi mbBM;
i?2 Q`B;BM H / i 7Q` 2 `Hv biQTTBM;- r2 +?QQb2 iQ biQT
i` BMBM; r?2M i?2 2``Q` ` i2 QM i?2 bvMi?2iB+ / i `2 +?2b
TH i2 mX hQ /Q i?Bb r2 K Mm HHv HQQF i i?2 2``Q` ` i2
Q7 i?2 KQ/2H QM i?2 bvMi?2iB+ p HB/ iBQM / i M/ pBbm HHv
+?QQb2 i?2 TH i2 m TQBMiX hQ ;Bp2 7 B` M/ ++m` i2 `2bmHib
r2 p2` ;2 i?2 `2bmHib Q7 2 +? KQ/2H QM 8y-yyy Bi2` iBQMb
7i2` i?2 TH i2 m TQBMi M/ `2TQ`i #Qi? i?2 p2` ;2 M/
i?2 bi M/ `/ /2pB iBQM Q7 i?2 KQ/2HX
X AKTH2K2Mi iBQM .2i BHb
R
hQ bmTTQ`i 7mHH `2T`Q/m+B#BHBiv r2 Tm#HBb? Qm` +Q/2 X
6Q` i?2 +QMpQHmiBQM H T `i Q7 i?2 KQ/2H- r2 mb2 i?2 }`bi
+QMpQHmiBQM H H v2` M/ i?2 }`bi i?`22 `2bB/m H #HQ+Fb
Q7 i?2 _2bL2iR3 `+?Bi2+im`2X hQ ~ ii2M i?2 ?2B;?i Q7
i?2 BK ;2b r2 // K t@TQQHBM; H v2`b #2ir22M i?2 }`bi
+QMpQHmiBQM H v2` M/ i?2 }`bi `2bB/m H #HQ+F- #2ir22M
i?2 b2+QM/ M/ i?B`/ `2bB/m H #HQ+Fb M/ 7i2` i?2 i?B`/
`2bB/m H #HQ+FX q2 2t KBM2/ i?2 `2bmHib Q7 KQ/2H T`2@
i` BM2/ QM AK ;2L2i M/ KQ/2H i` BM2/ bQH2Hv QM Qm`
/ i M/ b r i? i mbBM; T`2@i` BM2/ M2irQ`F /Q2b MQi
z2+i i?2 }M H `2bmHib- #mi /Q2b /2+`2 b2 i?2 i` BMBM;
iBK2 bB;MB}+ MiHvX h?mb- iQ ++2H2` i2 i` BMBM;- r2 mb2
+QMpQHmiBQM H M2irQ`F T`2@i` BM2/ QM AK ;2L2iX
6Q` i?2 _LL T `i- r2 mb2 irQ H v2`b Q7 #B/B`2+iBQM H
_LL rBi? :_l +2HHbX 6Q` HH `2bmHib- 2t+2Ti i?2 QM2 b?Qr@
BM; i?2 T2`7Q`K M+2 rBi?Qmi /`QTQmi- r2 // /`QTQmi
H v2`b #27Q`2 M/ 7i2` i?2 _LLX q2 HbQ i`B2/ //BM;
/`QTQmi BM #2ir22M i?2 _LL H v2`b- #mi Bi /B/ MQi BKT`Qp2
i?2 `2bmHibX h` BMBM; Bb T2`7Q`K2/ rBi? M / K QTiBKBx2`
rBi? r2B;?i /2+ v Q7 yXyyyRX
"X m;K2Mi iBQM #H iBQM aim/v
AM h #H2 A r2 +QKT `2 i?2 `2bmHib Q7 KQ/2Hb i` BM2/
QM / i +`2 i2/ rBi? QM2 Q` KQ`2 m;K2Mi iBQMb QKBii2/X
h?2 KQbi /` K iB+ 2z2+i Bb +?B2p2/ #v i?2 m;K2Mi iBQM
Q7 `2M/2`BM; KmHiBTH2 HBM2b M/ mbBM; HBM2 b2;K2Mi iBQM
iQ +`QT 2 +? HBM2X h?Bb `2bmHi Bb T`Q# #Hv bB;MB}+ Mi 7Q`
K Mv Qi?2` 7mHH /Q+mK2Mi `2+Q;MBiBQM bvbi2KbX MQi?2`
/` biB+ 2z2+i Bb i? i Q7 QKBiiBM; #Qi? +QHQ` m;K2Mi iBQMbX
q?BH2 i?2v b22K iQ #2 bQK2r? i BMi2`+? M;2 #H2- b 2 +?
QM2 #v Bib2H7 + mb2b Km+? H2bb bB;MB}+ Mi +? M;2 BM
`2bmHib- `2KQpBM; #Qi? ? b /` biB+ 2z2+ibX h?Bb 2+?Q2b i?2
BKTQ`i M+2 Q7 #BM `Bx iBQM BM +H bbB+ H P*_ bvbi2KbX
R ?iiTb,ff;Bi?m#X+QKfaBp ME2fh` Mb/m+iBp2>*_X;Bi
219
Authorized licensed use limited to: TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on May 16,2020 at 17:58:05 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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a2H7@bmT2`pBbBQM b+Q`2 +QM7X U#2bi Q#i BM2/V
a2H7@bmT2`pBbBQM 2Mb2K#H2 +QM7X U#2bi Q#i BM2/V
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hQ b?Qr i?2 BKTQ`i M+2 Q7 `2;mH `Bx iBQM BM i` BMBM;
>*_ QM bvMi?2iB+ / i - r2 +QKT `2 i?2 `2bmHib rBi?Qmi
/`QTQmi- rBi? /`QTQmi- M/ rBi? /`QTQmi M/ /p2`b `B H
i` BMBM; HQbbX AM HH + b2b- # i+? MQ`K HBx iBQM M/ L2
`2;mH `Bx iBQM r2`2 TTHB2/X
7i2` 2t KBMBM; i?2 BM~m2M+2 Q7 //BM; /`QTQmi i i?`22
/Bz2`2Mi bi ;2b Q7 i?2 M2irQ`F U#2ir22M i?2 _LL M/ i?2
*LL- #2ir22M _LL H v2`b M/ 7i2` _LL QmiTmiV- r2
+?Qb2 iQ // /`QTQmi #27Q`2 M/ 7i2` i?2 _LL- b Bi
;Bp2b i?2 #2bi `2bmHibX b i?2 +? M;2 BM `2bmHib r b MQi
bB;MB}+ Mi- r2 H2 p2 i?Bb +QKT `BbQM QmiX q2 7QHHQr i?2
T i? Q7 (ky)- M/ 2t KBM2 i?2 //BiBQM Q7 /`QTQmi #Qi?
rBi? i?2 Q`B;BM H _LL ?B//2M bBx2- M/ rBi? /Qm#HBM; i?2
bBx2 Q7 i?2 ?B//2M H v2`- b /`QTQmi 2z2+iBp2Hv + mb2b i?2
MmK#2` Q7 T ` K2i2`b i` BM2/ BM 2 +? bi2T iQ /`QT #v
7 +iQ` Q7 irQX q2 }M/ i? i r?BH2 //BM; /`QTQmi /Q2b
BKT`Qp2 i?2 `2bmHib- /Qm#HBM; i?2 bBx2 Q7 i?2 ?B//2M H v2`
/Q2b MQiX a22 h #H2 AA 7Q` i?2 `2bmHibX
AM //BiBQM- r2 b22 i? i //BM; h `2;mH `Bx iBQM iQ
/`QTQmi BKT`Qp2b i?2 `2bmHibX h?Bb Bb Q7 T `iB+mH ` BMi2`2bi b r2 TTHv h mbBM; *h* HQbb UbBM+2 r2 ? p2 MQ HB;M@
K2Mi #2ir22M i?2 *_LL QmiTmi M/ i?2 i` Mb+`BTiBQMVr?B+? Bb p2`v /Bz2`2Mi 7`QK i?2 HQbb i? i Bb TTHB2/ BM i?2
Q`B;BM H `iB+H2 (RR)X
6B;X 9X h?2 2z2+i Q7 i?2 *v+H2:L i` Mb7Q`K iBQM QM i2bi BK ;2bX
? M/r`Bii2M `2+Q;MBiBQM QM 7mHH i2ti HBM2b- Bi Bb ` `2 7Q`
irQ m;K2Mi iBQMb iQ ;Bp2 i?2 b K2 `2bmHiX q2- i?2`27Q`2 / Ti2/ i?2 K2i?Q/ Q7 (kd) #v +QKTmiBM; i?2 /Bbi M+2b
#2ir22M HH T B`b Q7 QmiTmi T`2/B+iBQMb- +?QQbBM; i?2 T`2@
/B+iBQM rBi? i?2 HQr2bi K2/B M /Bbi M+2 b QmiTmiX
_2bmHi M HvbBb, AM h #H2 AAA- r2 +QKT `2 i?2 7Qm` i` Mb@
/m+iBp2 H2 `MBM; K2i?Q/b T`QTQb2/ BM a2+iBQM AoX dzh2bi
bB/2 m;K2Mi iBQMdz Bb i?2 `2bmHi Q7 i?2 # b2HBM2 /2b+`B#2/
#Qp2X dz*v+H2 QM i2biǴ Bb i?2 `2bmHi Q7 i` BMBM; K2i?Q/
rBi?Qmi i` Mb/m+iBp2 H2 `MBM; M/ i2biBM; Bi QM i?2 i2biBM;
/ i b2i i` Mb7Q`K2/ #v *v+H2:L M2irQ`F i` BM2/ 7Q`
Ryy-yyy Bi2` iBQMb Ui?2 #2bi `2bmHi r2 ;QiV QM i?2 i` BMBM;
M/ i2biBM; / i b2ibX dz*v+H2 QM i` BMǴ Bb i?2 `2bmHi Q7
i` BMBM; i?2 KQ/2H QM i` BMBM; / i i` Mb7Q`K2/ #v
*v+H2:L M2irQ`F i` BM2/ QM i?2 bvMi?2iB+ M/ Q`B;BM H
/ i 7Q` 106 Bi2` iBQMbX HH 2tT2`BK2Mib QM *v+H2: M r2`2
/QM2 mbBM; /`QTQmi b i?2 `2;mH `Bx iBQM K2i?Q/ Q7 i?2
>*_ M2irQ`FX dzL Bp2 #BM `Bx iBQM QM i2biǴ K2 Mb T2`@
7Q`KBM; BM72`2M+2 QM i2bi BK ;2b 7i2` / TiBp2 #BM `Bx @
iBQM- M/ Bb b?QrM 7Q` +QKT `BbQM rBi? mbBM; *v+H2:L
b 7Q`K Q7 i2bi / i #BM `Bx iBQMX dza2H7@bmT2`pBbBQM b+Q`2
+QM7XǴ M/ dza2H7@bmT2`pBbBQM 2Mb2K#H2 +QM7XǴ K2 M b2H7@
bmT2`pBbBQM rBi? +QM}/2M+2 K2 bm`2 Q7 QmiTmi b+Q`2 M/
2Mb2K#H2 ;`22K2Mi- `2bT2+iBp2HvX dz.LL _LLǴ- dz.LL
*LLǴ- M/ dz.LL *LLY_LLǴ `2 /QM2 #v i` BMBM;
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/2b+`B#2/ BM a2+iBQM AAA@X AM (kd)- i?2 KQbi 7`2[m2MiHv
Q++m``BM; T`2/B+iBQM Bb +?Qb2M b QmiTmiX aBM+2 r2 T2`7Q`K
220
Authorized licensed use limited to: TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on May 16,2020 at 17:58:05 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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i?2 M2irQ`F //BM; .LL HQbb QM i?2 *LL- _LL M/
#Qi? *LL M/ _LL QmiTmi 72 im`2b- `2bT2+iBp2HvX dzaB;M
ohǴ K2 Mb //BM; oh HQbb iQ i?2 *h* HQbbX q2 + HH i?Bb
2tT2`BK2Mi dzaB;M ohǴ bBM+2 oh Bb + H+mH i2/ mbBM; i?2
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Dorji Wangchuk (Kuliśeśvara)