Understanding Non-Western Cultures in Asia, Africa, India, Latin America, and the Middle East


Updated October 2010

JUMP TO:

General Asia Sites / China / Japan / Korea  

  Africa / India / The Middle East & Ottoman Empire / Meso & Latin America  

  Various Cultures - Imperialism in the Non-Western World - Misc. Topics 

ASIA
AsiaKeys.com: Asian Search Engine
TIMELINE: ASIA
MAPS: Asia
HISTORICAL MAPS: Asia
MAPS: Antique Maps of Asia Menu
MAP: Buddhist Monasteries in Tibet
PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Internet East Asian History Sourcebook
AskAsia: A K-12 Resource on the Asia Society
InterKnowledge - Asia Homepage
Asian Cultures
Asia: Primary Documents, Images, Maps
Texts and Documents: East Asia
Resources for the Study of East Asian Language and Thought
Chinese, Japanese, & Indian Emperors
Asia - China - Indus Valley - Sarasvati River - Aryan Controversy - Maps
Leaders of Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Burma, Tibet, & Mongolia
Welcome to the Siamese Royalty Website
FAMOUS ASIAN AMERICANS IN THE HUMANITIES
Asia-art.net for Asian art promotion
ART HISTORY RESOURCES: Asian Art
Origami: A Brief History of the Ancient Art of Paperfolding
Gestures in Asia & the Pacific
NORTH KOREA - A Country Study
SOUTH KOREA - A Country Study
THAILAND - A Country Study
Prehistory in Thailand
A SHORT HISTORY OF TIBET
Confucianism and Taoism Digital Texts Resources
SAWNET; South Asian Women's NETwork
An Abridged History of Central Asia
History of Mathematics in Asia
Asian Math Youth Sangha
Oriental History Page
The Eurasian Ecumene: 400-1700
Mah Jongg - Worldwide Web Site - Symbolism
East Timor Internet Resources
The obscure history of East Timor
Contemporary conflicts: East Timor
The History of the Spice Trade
Asian Recipes with herbs, culture, ingredients, glossaries and cooking from asia
For info on the foods & fashion of Asia, please visit my Fashion/Food/Fun page.
For info on specific Asian countries in addition to China, India, & Japan, please visit my Country Information page.


CHINA
   General & Comprehensive
MAPS: China 
  MAP: China 
  PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Internet East Asian History Sourcebook 
   China WWW Virtual Library - Internet Guide for Chinese Studies 
  China the Beautiful 
  Discovering China: The Middle Kingdom 
  China: Dim Sum: A Connection to Chinese-American Culture 
  Searching for China: a series of Web activities
 
For more info, check out the comprehensive sites on my Country Information page.

China Today
China News Digest (CND) 
  Chinese Embassy in Washington DC
  National Committee on U.S. China Relations -- China Policy 
  US Dept. of State - IIP: The United States and China
  Inside China Today
  Great Wall Across the Yangtze 
  CNN In-Depth Specials - Visions of China  
Human Rights in China (HRIC)
Current Human Rights Situation in China
Human Rights in China Topics: Women's Rights
Human Rights Abuses in China
Forced Abortions and Sterilizations in China 
  CHINA'S ONE-CHILD POLICY : STERILIZATION IN CHINA 
  POPULATION-CHINA: Changes in One-Child Policy Emerging
 

Chinese Comprehensive History
TIMELINE: China History
  TIMELINE: China 5000 BCE - 1949 CE 
  TIMELINE: Chinese Dynasties
  TIMELINE: Age of Chinese Dominance: 1500-1800    
  HISTORICAL MAPS: China 
  MAPS: Dynastic China 
  MAP: China at the Beginning of the 20th Century 
  IGCS - History (China WWW VL - Internet Guide for Chinese Studies)
  History of China
China History 
   History of China: Table of Contents
  EAWC: Ancient China 
Ancient China Daily Life
NOVA Online | Mysterious Mummies of China
Ancient China - Contents
The Chinese Empire - Contents  
  Empires Past: China 
   Early China
  Pre-Confucian China
  China: Dawn of a Golden Age, 200–750 AD
Chinese Mariner Cheng Ho (Zheng He) 
  Marco Polo @ nationalgeographic.com
  The Rise & Fall of 15th Century Chinese Seapower 
  Modern China 
  China: Mongol Conquest Through Beginning of Peoples Republic
Modern China Since the 1911 Revolution
 

Chinese Dynasties & Emperors
MAPS: Dynastic China 
China the Beautiful - Portraits of Emperors 
  Emperors of China
  Chou China, First Emperor
  Intellectual Trends in Chou China
   Xia Dynasty ca. 2100-1800 B.C. 
  Shang Dynasty 1700-1027 B.C. 
  Zhou Dynasty 1027-221 B.C. 
  Qin Dynasty 221-207 B.C. 
  Han China 
  Western Han Dyansty 206 B.C.- 9 A.D. 
  The Former or Western, Han Dynasty: 202 BC- AD 9.
  The Emperor Wu Ti 140-87 BC 
  Three Kingdoms 220-265 A.D. 
  Western Chin 265-316 A.D. 
  Dynasties of the North and South 420-588 A.D. 
  Sui 580-618 A.D. 
  T'ang Dynasty 618-907 A.D. 
  The T'ang, 618-970 
  Five Dynasties 907-960 A.D. 
  Northern and Southern Song dynasties Song A.D. 960-1279 
  The Sung, 960-1279 
  Yuan A.D. 1279-1368 
  Yuan Dynasty: 1280-1368
  Ming A.D. 1368-1644 
  Ming China 
  Qing Dynasty A.D. 1644-1911 
  Ch'ing China
  Chinese History - The Last Emperor of China, Henry Pu Yi (Hsuan Tung) 

The Mongols - The Khans
TIMELINE: Genghis Khan
The Historical Mongol Empire
  The Mongol Khâns
  Genghis Khan, the Mongols and Asia 
  China and the Ming Dynasty against the Mongols 
Welcome to The Realm of The Mongols!   
  Inner Mongolia: where is it? 
  WHO WAS GENGHIS KHAN?
  Genghis Khan
  Genghis Khan's Life Story
  Genghis Khan @ nationalgeographic.com 
  Temujin: 1206 
  Kublai Khan: 1215-1294  
  Yuan Dynasty: 1280-1368 
  Kublai Khan
  Female Hero: Sorghaghtani Beki - Mother of the Khans 
  China and the Ming Dynasty against the Mongols 
  Mongolia Page 
   MONGOLIAN LANGUAGE AND SCRIPTS 

The Silk Road
MAP: The Silk Road 
  MAPS: Silk Road 
  SILK ROAD CHRONOLOGY
  The Silk Road - Ancient Pathway to the Modern World
   The silkroad foundation
  Trade Routes between Europe and Asia during Antiquity
  The First Contact Between Rome and China
  Lost Cities of the Silk Road 
    The Silk Road
  Silk Road 
Silk Road to China  
  China - A Trip Along the Silk Road
  The Silk Roads 
  When Silk was Gold 
  Xi'an and the Silk Road 
   Met definition Page | The Silk and Spice Routes 
  China: Dim Sum: Tracing the Silk Road Mapping Lesson Student Maps 
  China: Dim Sum: Mapping Lessons 
  Ancient Routes
 
More on the Silk Road in the section on Transportation on my General Ancient History page.

Tibet
The Mongols and Tibet 
  The Status of Tibet 
  Tibetan Government in Exile's Official Web Site 
  Tibetan Buddhism, the mongolian religion 
  frontline: dreams of tibet 

The Great Wall, The Forbidden City, & Grand Canal
Discovery Online, Secrets of the Great Wall
Forgotten Wonders: The Great Wall of China
150 Great Wall of China Links
Scenes of the Great Wall
PRIMARY DOCUMENT: Two Years in the Forbidden City
Grand Canal of China

Imperialism & The Opium Wars
Qian Long: Letter to George III 1793 
    China and trade with the West 
  China & Trade with the West: The Napier affair (1834) 
   The Maritime Heritage Project: East India Opium Trade - A Short History of the Opium Wars - Military History - Opium Wars - The Opium Wars, 1840-1862 - Opium Wars - Eduseek - China: Controlling the Opium Trade 
  Legalization of Opium, 1836: The Case For . . . 
  Legalization of Opium, 1836: The Case against . . . 
  Commissioner Lin and the Opium Merchants 
  China: The First Opium War (1840-42) 
  Letter of Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu to Queen Victoria (1840) 
  The Anglo-Chinese Treaty of Nanking (1842)
  The Cushing Mission: Negotiating the U.S.-China Treaty (1844) 
  U.S. – China Treaty Negotiations(1858)  
   Imperialism Resources
  BOXER PROTOCOL (PEKING), 1901
  Role of the United States Marines During the Relief of Peking, The Boxer Rebellion 
Much more on Imperialism in China & Asia below in the section on Imperialism.

Republican China & Taiwan
Chinese History - The Last Emperor of China, Henry Pu Yi (Hsuan Tung)
Modern China
Republican China
Republican China: II
Presidents of the Republic of China

Chairman Mao & Communist China to the Present
MAP: The Long March 
  The Long March was the making of Mao 
  The Maoist Documentation Project
  Modern China 
  People's Republic of China
Asia Society: China - Fifty Years Inside the People's Republic
Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung, ToC
Virtual Museum of the Cultural Revolution
  The Chairman Smiles - Chinese Posters 1949-1965 
  Picturing Power: Posters of the Cultural Revolution 
CHINA'S CULTURAL REVOLUTION
  Leaders of Communist China
  The American Experience | Nixon's China Game
Record of Historic Richard Nixon-Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972
  Tiananmen Square, 1989: The Declassified History
Tiananmen: The Gate of Heavenly Peace
  GAME: Communist China - Historical Duckshoot - GAME: Modern China - Walk the Plank game

Also, check out the section above on China Today.

Chinese Philosophy & Religion
Chinese Philosophy - Contents 
Chinese Religion
About Taoism
Lao Zi's Life and Views
  Pre-Confucian China 
  Confucius
The Background of Confucianism
Confucius's Life and Views
Chinese Buddhism
Influence of Taoism and Confucianism
  TAOISM 
  Where does the Chinese Yin Yang symbol come from? 
Historic Chinese Legends & Tales 
   Chinese Proverbs
Confucianism and Taoism Digital Texts Resources 
  Tibetan Buddhism, the mongolian religion 
  THE CHINESE ELEMENTS 
  China: Dim Sum: Yin and Yang
More info available on my Religions page.

Chinese Arts, Music, Writing, & Language
Art of China Homepage
  ArtLex on Chinese art 
  Asia-art.net for Asian art promotion 
Classical Chinese Paintings 
  Art of Chinese Brush Painting 
  Jade: Chinese Stone of Heaven
  Arts of China 
  Arts of China: Images by Period and Medium 
  The Great Bronze Age of China  
Brush Writing & Painting 
Appreciation of Chinese Calligraphy
Art of Chinese Calligraphy
Chinese Writing
  Chinese Characters Dictionary Web
  Chinese Characters and Culture
  YIN & YANG AND THE I CHING: Categories of Chinese Characters 
  Resources for the Study of East Asian Language and Thought
  Chinese Language Information Page 
  Chinese Classrooms Online
 
Heavens' Embroidered Cloths: One Thousand Years of Chinese Textiles
  China the Beautiful - Chinese Art and Literature
   Chinese Couplets
  China Opera
  Chinese Architecture 
  The Dialects of Chinese
More info on Non-Western Art is available on my Art & Galleries page.

Chinese Calendars & Holidays - 2010 is the Year of the Tiger, 2011 will be the Year of the Hare/Rabbit
Chinese Calendar
Calendars - Historical information and FAQ about the Chinese calendar
Chinese Astrology Calendar
  THE SOLAR TERMS and THE CHINESE 60 YEAR CALENDAR CYCLE
  China: Celebrations, Holidays and Customs 
  Chinese New Year - NewYear fortune cookies, Chinese calendar, Chinese New Year 
  Spring Festival 
  Holidays in Taiwan 
  Chinese Astrology Sign and Element Chart - Five Elements Chart - Chinese Customs


Various Topics on China
Century of China
  Searching for China: a series of Web activities
  Chinese Wedding Customs
Chinese Wedding Traditions 
  Chinese Historical and Cultural Project
  Asiapac - 100 Celebrated Chinese Women
Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks
China Links Page
  Chinese Culture homepage
  BBC Medicine Through Time - Chinese medicine 
   One Thousand Years of Chinese Footbinding 
Chinese Footbinding
  Chinese Dragon
  China KungFu(WuShu) 
    The Chinese Boy and Girl
The Hong Kong Flag
Chinese Movie Database
Flood in China Summer '98
The Chinese Nuclear Weapons Program 
China's Vegetable Markets:  From Farmer to Consumer
What Chinese Gardens are About
Chinese and Japanese Gardens from the Cal Poly Home Page 
  The Taiwan Timeline
  Chinese Myths and Fantasies 
For more info, check out the comprehensive sites on my Country Information page.


JAPAN
Did you know? The Imperial Throne of Japan has been occupied by the same family for the last thirteen hundred years.
Comprehensive Sites
MAPS: Japan
  HISTORICAL MAPS: Japan 
MAPS: Japan Atlas 
PRIMARY DOCUMENT: Constitution of Japan
  PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Internet East Asian History Sourcebook 
  The Japan Links Page... Hundreds of links that represent ALL of Japan
  Teaching (and Learning) About Japan
Japan Information Network
  Japan - Past and Present 
  Japan


Japan Today
Background Notes from the US State Dept.: Japan
Imperial Family of Japan (unofficial site)
Japanese Politics
JAPANESE WOMEN IN POLITICS AND SOCIAL SERVICE
Daily Life in Japanese High Schools
More info can be found on my Country Information page.

Comprehensive Japanese History
TIMELINE: Japan 552-1937
HISTORICAL MAPS: Asia(including Japan)
MAP: Medieval Japan and Korea
Ancient Japan & Contents
Feudal Japan & Contents
Modern Japan
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF JAPANESE HISTORY
Japanese History Table of Contents
Japanese History
Japan's History
Teaching Resources - Japan and its History
Emperors, Shoguns, & Regents of Japan
Jomon, Yayoi, Yamato Periods until 710
Nara, Heian Periods 710 - 1185
Kamakura Period 1185 - 1333
Muromachi Period 1333 - 1573
Warring States Japan
Azuchi-Momoyama Period 1573 - 1603
Edo Period 1603 - 1867
Meiji Period 1868 - 1912
Japanese Old Photographs of the Meiji Period
Militarism and World War II 1912 - 1945
Post War since 1945
An American's Personal Diary of the 1923 Tokyo Earthquake and Fire
Historic Cities in Japan
Japan 1904-1954

Feudalism - Shoguns - Samurai
Setting the stage: Of feudal development
Japanese History--Feudalist Society
Feudalist Craftsmen
Feudal Japan & Contents
Samurai Brief History - When you get to the site, select JAPAN, then click on history to find info on the Samurai.
HISTORY: Who were the shoguns?
The Shogun Age
HISTORY: When did ninja exist?
So what is a tsuba?
A Warning to the Shogun, 1844

Japan and the United States - 19th Century
A Warning to the Shogun, 1844
An Aggressive Daimyo Response to the American Demands
A Conciliatory Daimyo Response to the U.S. Demands
President Fillmore'’s letter to the Emperor of Japan (1852)
The Japanese Reply to Pres. Fillmore's Letter
More info below in the section on Imperialism.

Japan & World War II
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria 1931
Militarism and World War II 1912 - 1945
Japan at War, 1931-1945
Imperial Japanese Navy Page
Post War since 1945
For much, much more, please visit my World War II page.

Religion & Customs
Religion in Japan
Religion and Customs
Shinto
More on Japanese Religion & Philosophy can be found on my Religions page.

Japanese Arts, Architecture, Writing, Language
ART HISTORY RESOURCES ON THE WEB: Japanese Art
  Timelines, East Asia | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
  Asia, Japan | Subject Index | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
  Chronology of Japan's Fine Arts 
  ART HISTORY RESOURCES: Asian Art 
WebMuseum: Japanese Art and Architecture
  Japanese Art
  Kabuki
  Japanese Art and Western Influence
  The Virtual Museum of Traditional Japanese Arts 
  Japanese Culture INDEX 
Castles of Japan 
  Japanese Writing 
  Joseph Wu's Origami Page
  Alan G. Chalk Guides to Japanese Films

More can be found on Non-Western Art on my Art & Galleries page.

Japanese Food & Clothing
the sushi guide!
The Japanese Tea Ceremony (Chaji)
History of the Kimono
For more, check out my Food in History & Around the World and Fashion webpages.

Misc. Topics on Japan
Cherry Blossom Gardens & Japanese Gifts
Fuurin(Wind-bell)
Famous Japanese
Old Japanese Coins
Chinese and Japanese Gardens from the Cal Poly Home Page
Edo(Tokyo) Japan, A Virtual Tour


KOREA
 SOUTH KOREA - A Country Study
NORTH KOREA - A Country Study
MAP: Medieval Japan and Korea
Korea.net Portal Site - English Service.
Myths and legends of ancient Korea
Korean Studies Page
Welcome to Kimchi HomePage !!
For info on the Korean War, please visit my Cold War - Korea - Vietnam - Desert Storm - Enduring Freedom page.

AFRICA
Comprehensive Sites
MAPS: Africa 
  HISTORICAL MAPS: Africa 
  AFRICAN TIMELINES
AFRICA INFORMATION CENTER
  Historic Maps in K-12 Classrooms: “Africa” 
  Encyclopaedia for North Africa & the Middle East 
  Natural History Museum: Africa: One Continent. Many Worlds 
  Middle East North Africa Internet Resource Guide 
  LexicOrient - Middle East & North Africa 
  Encyclopaedia of the Orient(North Africa & the Middle East) 
Africa: Primary Documents, Images, and Maps 
AfricaNet - Information, History and Fact Sheets on Africa
African Studies WWW (U. Penn) 
  Index on Africa 
   Africa Online.com
  Wonders of the African World
FWDP -- African Documents
  PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Africa Research Central 
K-12 Africa Guide
An Introduction to Africa
   Africa Links Page (Long List)
  Africansonline-for daily news updates and more 
  PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Internet African History Sourcebook 
  Africa Web Links: an Annotated Resource List © 
  East Africa Living Encyclopedia 
  Africa South of the Sahara 

Africa Today
Africansonline-for daily news updates and more
Africa Action Home Page
Contemporary conflicts in Africa
Africa: Women Issues
Strategic Action Issue Area: African Women's Rights
TIMELINE: Post-Independence Africa & Contemporary Trends 
  DATA - Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa 

African History
TIMELINE: African History
TIMELINE: AFRICA
AFRICAN TIMELINES
TIMELINES & INFO: Culture(s) & Literature(s) of Africa
HISTORICAL MAPS: Africa
MAP: Africa, 2500 - 1500 BC
MAPS: Antique Africa Menu
PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Internet African History Sourcebook
Human Origins and Evolution in Africa
African Origins
West African Empires
The Culture of West Africa
Ancient Nubia
GREAT AFRICAN KINGS
GREAT AFRICAN QUEENS
Emmanuel K. Twesigye, Restoration of African Kings: Uganda
Medieval Africa - Medieval History Net Links
Kunta Kinte History
Rise and Fall of the Adamawa Emirate
Collapse -- Mali & Songhai

Religion
John Hunwick: Africa and Islamic Revival
African Creation Myths

Arts - Writing - Language
ART HISTORY RESOURCES: African Art
Africa-Related Music, Dance And Cultural Resources
African Dance
Art and Life in Africa Project
National Museum of African Art
AFRICA: THE ART OF A CONTINENT: Credits
African Art Collection. Tribal masks, sculptures, bronzes.
The Art of the African Mask
Brief History of Traditional African Bead Craft
Africa - Art
ETHNOGRAPHICA AFRICAN ART
African Art
African Writing Systems
Comparative Bantu Online Dictionary
  Detroit Institute of Arts: African Art  

African Slave Trade
Britain and the Slave Trade, 1844
TIMELINE: African Slave Trade & European Imperialism
For more on the history of the African slave trade, please visit my Slavery & Abolition page.

Colonialism & Imperialism
MAP: Imperialism in Africa to the Eve of World War I 
MAP: Colonial Africa in the Twentieth Century 
  TIMELINE: African Independence
  TIMELINE: African Slave Trade & European Imperialism 
  TIMELINE: Anti-Colonialism & Reconstruction 
   TIMELINE: Post-Independence Africa & Contemporary Trends 
  West Africa , 1808: Trade and expectations 
  Britain and the Slave Trade, 1844 
  Africa before the Scramble: Britain and the Niger Trade, 1841 
  Example of Imperialist Treaty with African Chief(s) 
  The Germans in South West Africa 
  The Berlin Conference (1885) 
  African Imperialism - Stanley's Congo Treaties 
  Britain and the Congo Free State 
  Atrocities in the Congo: The Casement Report, 1903 
  Anti-Colonialism & Reconstruction 
   Empire in Africa, Asia and the Pacific 
Images of Colonial Africa
Early Colonial Period in Africa
  Imperialism in Africa
Scramble for Africa
Emperor's English: Language as a Technology of Rule in British West Africa
  Karen Blixen - Isak Dinesen Information Site 
More on Imperialism sources can be found below in the section on IMPERIALISM.

Specific Cultures & Tribes
MAP: African Tribes
NATIVE People - Africa - Tribes
Civilizations in Africa & Contents
African Cultures
Kush, Meroe and Nubia
Civilizations in Africa: Axum
Collapse -- Mali & Songhai
The Mbuti of Zaire
The Fulani Empire of Sokoto

Specific Countries & Places
Country-Specific Pages for Africa
Key Events in Congo's Post-Independence History, 1960-97
Ethiopia on the Web
Ethiopia on the Web - Links
Ghana Home Page
NSRC Ghana
Kenya Page
Kenyan History
Kenyaweb: Kenya's Definitive Internet Resource
Libya Links
An Introduction to Mali
Timbuktu(Mali)
Morocco Links
Webguide to Nigeria
General Information on Niger
Usman Muhammad Bugaje, Writer on Nigerian affairs
The Biafran War (Nigeria)
frontline: the triumph of evil: 1994 Rwanda genocide
Sierra Leone Web
Sierra Leone Page
Swaziland Links
Uganda Page
The Mbuti of Zaire
Also, check out the Comprehensive section above.

South Africa
South Africa: History
The Germans in South West Africa
Huguenot Refugees in the Cape Colony of South Africa
History of Cape Town
The Boer War Remembered
The Boer War
THE SHARPEVILLE MASSACRE - A WATERSHED IN SOUTH AFRICA
Steve Biko Memorial
Historical Documents from the Struggle Against Apartheid
African National Congress Home Page
frontline: the long walk of nelson mandela
The Mandela Page
Nobel Peace Prize 1993: Nelson Mandela & Frederik W. de Klerk
Unwembi's Resource of South African Government Information
Land Reform and Gender in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Truth and Reconciliation Commission Official Home Page
Survivors' Perceptions of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Truth and Reconciliation Commission Hearings on Business and Apartheid
Crime, Justice & Race in South Africa: History
South African Military History Society

Natural History - Wildlife
Wonders of the African World
Welcome to Africam
African Wildlife Foundation - Welcome
Welcome to the Living Africa
Geo Africa Earth Science Resource Directory

Misc. Topics on Africa
African Youth Village
Africa: Food & Agriculture
History of Mathemathics in Africa
Gestures in the Middle East and Africa
Smithsonian Natural History Web: African Voices
African Wedding Guide
The Official Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Community
Africa for Visitors - Travel and Adventure in Africa 
  Genocide in the 20th Century - Rwanda, 1994 


INDIA
Comprehensive
***** NM's Creative Impulse..India 
  PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Internet Indian History Sourcebook 
    An Introduction to India
  Asia - China - Indus Valley - Sarasvati River - Aryan Controversy - Maps 
  Heritage Tours of India, Heritage Travel in India, Forts and Monuments, Fairs 

Maps - Flags - Timelines
CURRENT AND HISTORICAL MAPS: India 
  MAPS: Indian Ocean 
  MAPS: Kashmir 
  MAPS: Pakistan 
  World Cultures Atlas: India Maps 
  Asia - China - Indus Valley - Sarasvati River - Aryan Controversy - Maps 
TIMELINE OF INDIA 
  Kamat's Potpourri: Timeline of India 
  Aryan Migrations: 1500-1200 BC
  India 3000BC - AD 1750 
More maps & flags available on my MAPS page.

History
**** Daily Life Ancient India 
Ancient India and Contents 
More on Ancient India
   History Of India 
    Emperors of India 
  EAWC: Ancient India 
  Intro/Rise and fall of the Indus Civilization 
  Ancient Indus Valley Civilization: Harappa, Mohenjo-daro
  Indus River Valley  
  Harappan Civilization 
  Aryan Migrations: 1500-1200 BC 
  India 3000BC - AD 1750   
    Indian History after the Buddha 
  Harappan Culture 
  Vedic Period
  History of India - A passage through time 
  History of India - Ancient : The Invasions 
Mumbai/Bombay: History 
  Lesson Plan (World History) for teaching about the Indus Valley Civilization 

The Raj - British Imperialism
TIMELINE: British India 
  East India Company
  HISTORY: The East India Trade
  The Moonstone and British India (1857, 1868, and 1876) 
  The 1857 Indian Mutiny 
  Harappa: The Indus Valley and the Raj in India and Pakistan 
  Political Aspects of British India 
  Economic Aspects of British India 
  Social Aspects of British India
Family History in India
Ambition and Angst in the Lives of Indian Civil Servants, 1880-1950
Curzon, Mary Victoria Leiter 
  NINETEENTH CENTURY BRITISH & INDIAN ARMIES. 
  Expeditions Against the Frontier Tribes of the Northwest Frontier Provinces 
For more info, check out the section on IMPERIALISM below and visit the section on Imperialism on my England, Great Britain, UK page.

Gandhi & Indian Independence
Timeline of Gandhi's Life
Mahatma Gandhi: His life, work and philosophy.
Mahatma Gandhi : The mind of Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi
Kamat's Potpourri: Mahatma Gandhi Album
M.K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence
Indian Independance
The Enduring Image: Treasures from the British Museum, Celebrating 50 years of Indian Independence

Religion - Caste System
Indian Religions 
  Hindu Gods and Goddesses
The Hindu Universe : Hindu Resource Center
  Karma: Meaning and Definition
The Bhagavad Gita and Bhagavad-Gita 
  The Upanishads
   Devi: The Great Goddess 
  H.H. The Dalai Lama XIV 
Castes of India and alternate URL
  SOCIAL CLASSES OF ANCIENT INDIA 
   Wisdom of The Buddha
  Buddhism - Sidhartha Gautama 
More info on Hinduism and Buddhism available on my Religions page.

Arts - Architecture - Writing - Language
ART HISTORY RESOURCES: India 
  ART HISTORY RESOURCES: INDUS VALLEY
  Kamat's Potpourri: Timeline of Indian Art 
  India Arts & Culture 
  Exploring the Mandala 
  ArtLex on Buddhist art and Buddhism 
  INDIAN HERITAGE: IMAGES of FINE ART & SCULPTURE from INDIA 
  Hindi Program at Penn
India: Languages and Scripts 
  Ancient Indus Valley Script: Contents
  Learning Sanskrit on the Web: Self Study Lessons 
  Sanskrit Home Page
  The Mahabharat Chronology - An Introduction to the Mahabharata - Mahabharata - Lopa's Mahabharata Page - Stories for Children from Mahabharata by Dr. CS Shah - Mahabharata For Children - What should Arjuna Do? 
  The Ramayana Story - Ramayana - A Picture Gallery - Ramayan Photo Gallery
Forgotten Wonders: Taj Mahal 
Taj Mahal: Memorial to Love 
THE MAJESTIC MAHAL 
Taj Mahal, Mausoleum of Mumtaz Mahal
    CyberBollywood-Latest info, news, India, actors, actresses!
  Sari Magic: The ultimate in Indian saris 
  Fashion India - History of Fashion 
  Heritage India - Costumes
More info on Indian art can be found on my Art & Galleries page.

India Today
India Site
  The History Guy: Links For The Conflict In Kashmir (1991-Present) 
BBC News | india nuclear testing
  Chronology of the India-Pakistan Conflict 
  Background on India-Pakistan Weapons Tests 
  India and Pakistan
  Grand Mufti of Pakistan Questions Criticism of Taliban
  Sisters killed for dowry? : Regional News : IndiaExpress.Com 
  Man gets life sentence for killing wife - Dowry Death 

Misc. Topics on India
ShivShahi on the Web
  Kashmir Web Site - The voice of Kashmir by Kashmiri's
  The History Guy: Links For The Conflict In Kashmir (1991-Present) 
  BBC Medicine Through Time - Indian medicine 
History of Traditional Indian Medicine 
  INDIAN ELEMENTS 
  The Steel Bow in India
  Indian Dishes
  Decorations and Medals of India  

THE MIDDLE EAST
  Comprehensive
***** NM's Creative Impulse...Byzantium & Islamic Worlds 
  A Definition - The Middle East 
ArabNet - The Resource for the Arab World in the Middle East and North Africa 
   NEWS: Islamic Republic News Agency, IRNA 
  Middle East Research & Information Project (MERIP) 
  U.S. Report On The Middle East Home Page 
  The Muslim News 
  PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Internet Islamic History Sourcebook 
  PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Internet Jewish History Sourcebook 
  PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: The Middle East 1916-2001 : A Documentary Record 
  CSIS Middle East Studies Program Online Reports 
  University of Texas - Middle East Network Information Center (MENIC) 
   LexicOrient Front Page 
  Middle East Encyclopedia  
  CNN.com In-Depth Specials - Mideast: Land of conflict 
  Islamic History in Arabia and Middle East 
  The World | Middle East History 
  BBC NEWS | Middle East 
  The EU's Mediterranean & Middle East Policy - Overview 
  Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs 
  Countries, Disputed Regions and Territories in the Middle East 
  The Islamic World to 1600 
  The Islamic Interlink
  Middle Eastern Cultures 
  Middle East North Africa Internet Resource Guide 
  LexicOrient - Middle East & North Africa 
  Encyclopaedia of the Orient(North Africa & the Middle East) 
  Ancient Middle East 
   100 Questions and Answers about Arab Americans 
  Silk Road Designs Armoury 
  The Legacy of the Middle East
More info on specific countries available on my Country Information webpage.

Maps - Timelines
Middle East Chronology
  A timeline of the Ancient Middle-East
  MAPS: Middle East 
  HISTORICAL MAPS: Middle East 
  MAPS: The Arab- Israeli Wars 
  MAPS: Israel 
  Map - History of Israel 
  Israel in 3d - panoramic images - ipix 
  MAPS: West Bank and Gaza Strip 
  MAP: Arabia and Nearby States, 625 AD 
  MAP: Jordan 
  FLAGS: Mahdi 
MAP: Muslim and Mongol Empires, c. 1000-1500
  ANIMATED MAP: History of the Middle East since the early 20th century

More maps and timelines can be found in specific sections below or on my Maps, Flags, Timelines page.

Islam & Muslims
It is VITAL to remember that the overwhelming majority of Muslims in the world denounce the terrorist activities which happened in New York and Washington D.C. on September 11, 2001.
"Love is stronger than hate."

Islam
Islam: Contents
  Islam: A Primer
    frontline: muslims | PBS 
  PBS - Islam: Empire of Faith - Timeline 
  Islam and the Prophet Muhammad| Lectures in Medieval History
  100 Questions and Answers about Arab Americans 
EAWC: Early Islam 
  Medieval Islam - History for Kids!
  PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Internet Islamic History Sourcebook 
  Islamic Art | Thematic Essays
About Islam and Muslims
Jannah.Org - Huma's Homepage on Islam
  Muslim Women's Homepage 
     "All covered up with lots of places to go" - Islamic Women's Dress 
    Reflections on Sinai Bedouin Women
Industrial Worker - Migrant Women in Middle East
    WOMEN AND ISLAM
  WOMEN IN ISLAM VERSUS WOMEN IN THE JUDAEO-CHRISTIAN TRADITION  
Out There News explores political Islam 
  INTRODUCTION TO ISLAM 
  Welcome to CIE - Council on Islamic Education 
  The Wisdom Fund | The Truth About Islam | News & Views 
  The Wisdom Fund Activists' Library 
  Muslim Scientists and Islamic Civilization 
  Glimpses of Islamic Civilization 
  Islamic History 
    The Islamic World to 1600 
  The Islamic Interlink 
  An African Asks Some Disturbing Questions of Islam 
    CHART AND TIMELINE: History of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount 
  The 99 Names of God (from Islam) 
  Quia Quiz - Islamic Terms
  The History of the Spread of Islam through War

For more info on Islam, check out my Religions page.

Israel
The Hebrews 
The Hebrews: Table of Contents
Map of the Major Cities and Regions of Ancient Israel 
  MAP: Israel and Judah to 733 BCE
  Map - History of Israel 
  Israel in 3d - panoramic images - ipix 
The New Jerusalem Mosaic 
  Menachem Begin
  PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: Internet Jewish History Sourcebook 
  Internet Resources: Hebrew, Jewish 
Shtetl, Yiddish Language and Culture
Virtual Jerusalem Channel Guide
     ISRAEL: The Land - People and Geography 
  History of the Hebrews 
  hebrew letters by sarahleah 
  The Knesset
  Evolution of Hebrew Characters from Phoenician via Aramaic 
  BBC News | HISTORY | The birth of Israel 
  Recognition of Israel  
  The Recognition of the State of Israel  
  Recognition of Israel 
  TIMELINE: The History Of Jerusalem 
  CHART AND TIMELINE: History of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount 
  JERUSALEM - Whose City? 
  No One People Owns Jerusalem
  History & Geography of Israel & Palestine. Also... Zionism, Refugees, PLO, Terrorism
  CNN.com In-Depth Specials - Mideast struggle for peace 
  Israel Defense Forces Homepage  
  The Israeli Government's Official Website, by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 
   Articles on first century Judaea 
   Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Israel 
   The State Of Israel - America Online Site 
  Palestine: First Settlement by Jews - America Online Site
  Israel: Formation as a Nation - America Online Site 
  The Evian Conference 
  Center for Jewish History 
  Center for Jewish Art 
  Music and Musical Instruments in the Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel/Palestine 
  Hebrew Marriage Customs 
  NOVA Online | Lost Tribes of Israel 
  Echoes from the Ancients - Yodefat 
For info on Judaism, please visit my Religions page.

The Arab - Israeli Conflict and the Tragedy in Palestine
MAPS: The Arab - Israeli Wars
  QUESTION OF PALESTINE - United Nations
    The PLO Charter 
  PLO. Negotiations Affairs Department 
  Camp David Accords -- Framework for Peace - Camp David Accords 
   Oslo Accords - Oslo, The Oslo Accords - The Peace FAQ  
   "A Personal Diary of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" by Nigel Parry
   PASSIA - Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Aff 
Palestine - Home of history 
      The Myth Of The Palestinian People - Right Wing Israeli Point of View 
For more, please visit my War on Terrorism page.
 

Terrorism
It is VITAL to remember that the overwhelming majority of Muslims in the world denounce the terrorist activities which happened in New York and Washington D.C. on September 11, 2001.
"Love is stronger than hate."

The Roots of Muslim Rage
  The History of the Spread of Islam through War
   The Wisdom Fund - Jihad and The Crusades 
      For info on 9/11, Al Qaeda, the Taliban, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the history/theory of terrorism, please check my War on Terrorism page.  
  For much more on terrorism including the jet bombings of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, please check my War on Terrorism page.


Muslim Contributions to Philosophy and Science
Glimpses of Islamic Civilization
  Who Invented Arabic Numerals?
  Muslim Scientists and Islamic Civilization 
  Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts 
  BBC on Islamic Hospitals
  The Arab Roots of European Medicine
  Islamic Philosophers 
  The Impact of Islam on the Renaissance 
  SSIPS: Society for the Study of Islamic Philosophy and Science. 
  Islamic Thought (MSA @ University at Buffalo)


Specific Countries
ArabNet - The Resource for the Arab World in the Middle East and North Africa
  Welcome to Ancient Near East.com 
  History on the Internet: Ancient Near East 
  ArabNet -- Algeria, History, French Colonisation
  INCORE: Conflict Data Service: Internet Country Guides: Algeria 
  Algeria Report of Eminant Panel 
  Educational Resources Focusing on Afghanistan and the Islamic World
  Afghan war 1979-1989. Author Vladimir Grigoriev. Veterans of Modern Wars 
  Afghanistan: History: AFGHANISTAN SINCE 1973: The Afghan Civil War. 
  Weblinks on the War in Afghanistan 
  Afghanistan (06/02) 
  Afghanistan Studies - Afghanistan Resources - Directories - Taliban Links 
  Taliban: The World Needs the Iconoclasts
  Historical Resources dealing with the Conflict in Afghanistan 
  American Combat in Afghanistan (2001-2002) 
  Afghanistan Resource Home Page 
ASSYRIA ONLINE!
The Assyrian Kings List
Assyrians 
Assyrians, Neo-Babylonians, Lydians 
Bahrain Links
  The Total Egypt Guide & History Links Page - info on pharaohs, pyramids, etc. can be found on my Ancient Egypt page.
    Egypt Guide, Egypt Magazine, Egypt Community 
  Atlas of Egypt - Egypt State Information Service 
 
Suez Canal Crisis - more info below in the section on Imperialism.
  Shiites of Iraq @ National Geographic Magazine 
  National Geographic Magazine's Sights & Sounds: Shiites of Iraq 
  National Geographic: Iraq Maps, News, Pictures National Geographic    
  Iran Links
 
  Iran Photo Album, a cultural site about Iran 
  THE IRANIAN: History, early religions, "History of the Persian Empire" 
  PERSEPOLIS
  Persian Empire History 
  Map: The Persian Empire about 500 BC 
  The Splendor of Persia 
  The Hostage Crisis in Iran 
  Excerpts from an Iran Hostage's Diary 
  Presidency of The Islamic Republic of Iran, The Official Site. 
Iraq Links
  Who2 Profile: Saddam Hussein
Jordan's Royal Court and Royal Palaces
Her Majesty Queen Noor of Jordan's Web Site  
  A Living Tribute to the Legacy of King Hussein I
Kuwait Links
Lebanon, History
Saudi Arabia Links
  ArabNet -- Saudi, Contents
  NOVA Online/Lost City of Arabia
Syria Links
Qatar Links
Oman Links
yemen Yemen YEMEN,"Yemen History"


History
EAWC: The Ancient Near East 
  Islamic History in Arabia and Middle East 
  The World | Middle East History
  Welcome to Ancient Near East.com 
  History on the Internet: Ancient Near East 
  Qajar (Kadjar) Dynasty 1795-1925; Qajar (Kadjar) Shahs; Persian History 
The Persian Empire
Persian History
  THE IRANIAN: History, early religions, "History of the Persian Empire" 
  Persian Empire History 
  Map: The Persian Empire about 500 BC 
  The Splendor of Persia  
  Articles on ancient Persia 
   Persian, Parthian and Sassanid Empires
Maps Relating to Islam's Historical Development
Islamic Expansion: 630-1683
Muhammad Captures Mecca AD 630
Orthodox Caliphate (Mecca and Medina): 632-661
Omayyad Caliphate (Damascus): 661-750
Abbasid Caliphate (Baghdad): 750-1258
  Rise and Fall of the Adamawa Emirate
   Islamic/Spanish History
Islam
   Ibn Batuta (1307-1377 CE): Arab equivalent of Marco Polo
Palestine - Home of history  


Art - Writing - Language - Architecture
ArtLex on Islamic Art 
  Subject Index | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
  ART HISTORY RESOURCES ON THE WEB: Islamic Art
  Art of Arabic Calligraphy
  Selections of Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman Calligraphy: Home
  Phoenician to Arabic Characters
  Evolution of Hebrew Characters from Phoenician via Aramaic 
  Table of Contents (Scrolls From the Dead Sea)
  Dead Sea Scrolls -- Intro
Dead Sea Scrolls - Qumran Library 
  Let's Learn Arabic
  Byzantine Architecture Project 
  Belly Dancing -- Art Of Middle Eastern Dance 
Middle Eastern Music: A Very Brief Introduction
Middle Eastern Music: Translated Song Lyrics 
Petra the Drama of History
Pages about the ancient city of Petra
A Guide to Petra
   ART HISTORY RESOURCES ON THE WEB: Art of the Ancient Near East
  Iransaga - A History of Persian Art Through The Centuries
  Introduction and Art in the Ancient Near East
  The Art of Empire: Assyria and Babylonia  
  Interlink: Islamic Art and Architecture
  Islamic Art, Music, And Architecture Around The World
Islamic Art Introduction
Arab Gateway: art and architecture
  Islamic Arts and Architecture Organization
  Islamic Art - Images
LotusArt Islamic Art / Calligraphy / Woodwork / Muslim
  Islamic Manuscripts from Mali Collection: Home
  Ukindia Learning to read Arabic 
  Art Of The Mamluks 
   Sakkal Design: Arabic Islamic Graphics 
  Babylonian and Persian Art 
  AncientScripts.com: Old Persian
  Medals of the Arab World

More info on Middle Eastern art can be found on my Art & Galleries webpage.

World War I & the Middle East
MAP: Dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, 1923
ArabNet -- Palestine, History, British Mandate
T.E. LAWRENCE / LAWRENCE OF ARABIA / FOREIGN LEGION
Lawrence of Arabia Factfile - Home Page
More info on my World War I page.

Misc. Topics
Documents Relating to the Middle East 
  Middle East Report 220: Shaky Foundations: The US in the Middle East (Fall 2001) 
  Symbols From The Middle East
Middle Eastern Culture 
  WOMEN IN THE ARAB WORLD 
  Muslim Spain and European Culture 
   The Suez Crisis and the British Empire (July 1956) - For more info, check out the section on Imperialism below.
  Interlink: `Uthman dan Fodio 
   International Red Cross(ICRC) operations in Middle East and North Africa 
  The History of Plumbing - Jerusalem
  Parthian Empire - History and Coins of Ancient Parthia 
   Electronic Briefing Book: The Secret CIA History of the Iran Coup
Declassified documents on Iran and the U.S.
The Hostage Crisis in Iran 
  Excerpts from an Iran Hostage's Diary  


For more info on the Middle East, check out my General Ancient History, Country Information, and Religions webpages! 


TURKEY & THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
MAP: Dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, 1923
Timur (Tamerlane) and the Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Empire: 1350-1918
The Ottomans
The Ottoman Sultans & Successors
Ottoman Empire History
Ottoman History @ ArabesQ
Arabs and Young Turks
The Ottoman Empire and the Mid-East: Prelude to the Modern Mid-East (article)
Ottoman Traders Guild
Caravans and Trade Routes
TRADE GOODS BY REGION
Ottoman Traders Guild: Coinage
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
The Treatment of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, Historical Summary
Istanbul
For info on the role of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, please visit my World War I page.


OCEANIA & THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
TIMELINE: OCEANIA 
  MAP: Oceania 
MAP of Oceania
MAPS: Australia & the Pacific Region 
HISTORICAL MAPS: Australia & the Pacific
TIME ZONE MAP: Oceania 
Pacific Cultures
  Wayfinders - History of Polynesian Islands
Gestures in Asia & the Pacific 
Angell Productions Brave Women of Oceania
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR ISLAND STUDIES
World History Archives: History of Oceania
  Voice of the Shuttle: Minority Studies: PACIFIC
Yahoo! Regional: Regions:Oceania
Pacific Islands Internet Resources Home Page
Background Notes: East Asia and the Pacific
East Asia and the Pacific
  ART HISTORY RESOURCES: The Native Arts of Oceania 
Australia/S.Pacific: Primary Documents, Images, and Maps - For more on Australia and New Zealand, please visit my England, Great Britain, UK page.


THE CARIBBEAN
MAP: Caribbean
For maps of specific Caribbean countries, check out UT Library Online Americas Maps.
Caribbean History Pages
Caribbean Amerindian Webring
World History Archives: History of the Caribbean and Bermuda
Inter Knowledge - The Caribbean & The Bahamas Homepage
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR ISLAND STUDIES
Bermuda Triangle
The Bermuda Triangle: An informative exploration
The Mysterious Bermuda Triangle
World History Archives: Native Americans of the Caribbean and Florida
World History Archives: The history of the Republic of Haiti
Weather Underground: Tropical Weather
Jamaica - De web site on Jamaica
Jamaica FAQ's
Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age: 19th and early 20th centuries
For info on specific Caribbean countries, check out my Country Information page.


VARIOUS CULTURES
Nomadic Cultures
Armenia Links Page
The World Information and Entertainment Links Pages
Religion and Culture of the ROMA (also known as gypsies)
The Patrin Web Journal - The Gypsy Persecution
Central Europe Online -- Daily News HomePage - For more info on Bosnia, the Balkans, and Central & Eastern Europe drop by my Western Civilization page.
Michelle's Favorite Places--Multicultural Sites
Info on Meso and Latin America can be found on my Meso and Latin America page.


UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT CULTURES
Diversity Calendar
The Web of Culture
NNCC Realities of Stereotypes
Gestures & Body Language Around the World
Gestures in Asia & the Pacific
Cultural Online Learning Organization and Resource After School Program
For more info, check out my Country Information page.

IMPERIALISM IN THE NON-WESTERN WORLD
MAP: Imperialism in Asia to the Eve of World War I
  MAP: Colonial Africa in the Twentieth Century  
MAP: The British Empire and Commonwealth after WWI
MAP: Dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, 1923
MAP: Decline of Colonialism after WWII 
  Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Imperialism 
  Reasons for Empire 
  Economic Reasons for Imperialism 
  New Imperialism 
  Imperialism: The Desire for Empire 
  Imperialism 
  History of Imperialism
  A French Viewpoint on 19th-century Imperialism 
  A German Viewpoint on Imperialism 
  A British Viewpoint on Imperialism 
   Berlin Conference:1884
  The Berlin Conference (1885) 
  Imperialism in Africa - More on Imperialism in Africa - Africa Under Colonization - Scramble for Africa 
  The Germans in South West Africa 
  African Imperialism - Stanley's Congo Treaties 
  Britain and the Congo Free State 
  Atrocities in the Congo: The Casement Report, 1903 
The New Imperialism
Why did the British Empire expand so rapidly between 1870 and 1900?
  The Maritime Heritage Project: East India Opium Trade 
  Military History - Opium Wars  
  Qian Long: Letter to George III 1793 
  Role of the United States Marines During the Relief of Peking, The Boxer Rebellion  
Kipling's Imperialism
  Anti-Colonialism & Reconstruction in Africa  
A History of British Imperialism 
Empire in Africa, Asia and the Pacific
Imperialism Resources
The Suez Crisis and the British Empire (July 1956)
  Suez Canal Crisis 
  1956 - The Suez Crisis 
  suez canal 
  OTN explores the Middle East conflict: 1956, the Suez Canal thang! 
  Middle East Research - The Suez Canal 
  The Suez Canal 
  Postcolonial and Postimperial Literature: An Overview - Postimperial Literature: An Overview 
Please check specific countries above for more info.
Also, check out sections on Imperialism on the following pages: 19th Century America and England, Great Britain, UK.

FOR MORE INFO, CHECK OUT:
General World History
Western Civilization - History & Impact of Europe
Country Information - Info & Statistics on countries all over the world
Maps, Flags, Timelines - plus money, geography, calendars, time, holidays.

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