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The Old Tibetan Version of the Kāśyapaparivarta preserved in Fragments from Dunhuang

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by James B. APPLE



This paper identifies for the first time the Old Tibetan version of the Kāśyapaparivarta preserved in fragments from Dunhuang. The currently known extant versions of the Kāśyapaparivarta are in Sanskrit in two Central Asian manuscripts, five Chinese versions, Khotanese fragments, and a ninth century Tibetan version preserved among Tibetan Kanjur collections. The following comparative collation identifies for the first time seven Old Tibetan fragments of the Kāśyapaparivarta found among the Stein and Pelliot collections from the ancient city-state of Dunhuang. Jonathan Silk previously identified an eighth Tibetan fragment, Pelliot tibétain 676. These fragments comprise a version of the KāśyapaparivartapreservedinOldTibetanthatwaspreviouslyunknown.Thisarticle,Part1, examines and collates the Old Tibetan fragments that correspond to sections §00–63 of the Staël-Holstein (1926) edition. Part 2 consists of the fragments that correspond to sections §98–135.


Manuscript Fragments and their Characteristics The presently known Tibetan version of the Kāśyapaparivarta commonly referenced by modern scholars, as well as indigenous Tibetan scholars, is the version translated under Imperial support during the early dissemination phase of Buddhism in Tibet. The translators Jinamitra, Śīlendrabodhi, and Ye-shes-sde translated the canonical Tibetan version of the Kāśyapaparivarta that is included among all extant Tibetan Kanjurs (bka’ ’gyur) at the beginning of the 9th century CE.The colophons to theTibetan Kanjur version clarify that this version of the translated text was revised in the new translation vocabulary (skad gsar bcad) instituted by Imperial decree in 814 CE. This Tibetan version became part of the Tibetan Mahāratnakūṭa Collection in the early decades of the 9th century as well.The Sanskrit title of the sūtra that is found in the Staël-Holstein edition and used by modern scholars was borrowed from the Tibetan translation preserved among Tibetan Kanjurs. In the version preserved among Tibetan Kanjurs the sūtra is called “Ārya-Kāśyapaparivarta-nāma mahāyāna-sūtra.” The Old Tibetan Dunhuang version represents a slightly earlier version of this discourse and contains a different title that is consistent with the title found among the majority of Indian śāstras and Khotanese sources. The version of this discourse that I am classifying as the Old Tibetan Dunhuang version is found among eight manuscript fragments among the Stein and Pelliot collections. The concordance (see Table 1) organizes the manuscript fragments in correlation with the


ARIRIAB Vol. XX (March 2017): 205–230 © 2017 IRIAB, Soka University, JAPAN sectionsoftheStaël-Holsteineditionpublishedin1926. Fourmanuscriptfragments,(1)IOL Tib J 55, (2) IOLTib J 56, (3) IOLTib J 59, and (4) IOLTib J 153 belong to the Stein collection and four manuscripts, (5) Pelliot tibétain 671, (6) Pelliot tibétain 672, (7) Pelliot tibétain 673, and (8) Pelliot tibétain 676 belong to the Pelliot collection. Many folios are in inverse order or contain fragmentary sections of text (seeTable 1). Nevertheless, the comparison makes clear that all of these fragments belong to a mid-to-late 8th centuryTibetan version of thesūtracalled theRatnakūṭa.All of the fragments are in Pothī format, with measurements of 43 cm × 9 cm, except PelliotTibétain 672 of which the folio is in slightly smaller size. All the manuscript fragments also exhibit the orthographic characteristics of Old Tibetan: • Consistent use of tsheg before a shad; • Palatalisation of ma by ya btags before vowels i and e (e.g. myed, myin); • Use of superabundant ’a rjes ’jug (e.g. mdo’, dbu’ ma ba); • Reverse gi-gu vowel sign; • Da-drag IOLTib

J55isthelargestofthefragmentscomprisingeightfoliosorsixteenimagesoftext. TheavailableimagesofthefoliosfromtheIDPwebsiteareoutofplaceandinmixedorder.I have numbered the images of text as they appear on the IDP website from 1 to 16. The concordancetableandcollationprovidetheirpropersequence.IOLTib J153andIOLTib J 55 are part of the same manuscript as they both have the same style of print and other shared orthographic features. Noteworthy is that they both contain tsheg brtseg pa, “piled up” or double dot punctuation, which I have transcribed with a colon (:). The punctuation found in these two manuscripts is consistent with that found only in the Old Tibetan Imperial inscriptions at Samye and Zhol that date from the mid-8th century CE.1 IOL Tib J 153, in addition to preserving the Old Tibetan title Ratnakūṭa (see below), also contains the Old Tibetan spelling for bhagavan (= bcom: ldan: ’da’s:). IOLTib J 59 (as discussed in Part 2), corresponding to KP sections 98, 99, 100, is actually an extended citation from an unknown commentary. The fact that this unknown commentary cites the text from the Ratnakūṭa and that the text is only in prose indicates that this version matches with the other Old Tibetan Dunhuang fragments. Pelliot tibétain 671 contains fragmentary folios with one folio covering sections §11-§14 (Part 1) of the Staël-Holstein edition and the other folio covering sections §121-§125 (see Part 2). All of the manuscript fragments are without pagination exceptPelliottibétain673,whichhasthepagemarknyathatoccurstotherightontheverso of the folio.

PelliotTibétain 676, previously identified by Jonathan Silk (as noted in Martini 2011), has 1 folio with five lines of text front side and six lines of text on the back. As mentioned, Pelliot Tibétain 672 consists of 1 folio measuring 11.5 cm × 27 cm, which is a different format and page size than the other Pothī format fragments. Altogether, these fragments cover 62 of the 166 sections of the Staël-Holstein 1926 edition covering 37% of the entire sūtra.


1. See Walters and Beckwith 2010 on the dating and interpretation of Old Tibetan inscriptions. They date the Samye and Zhol inscription to around 764 CE. 206 The Lack of Verses in the Old Tibetan Version Among the two Sanskrit manuscripts mentioned above, the oldest surviving Sanskrit Kāśyapaparivarta manuscript, comprised of three fragments that were initially joined together by De Jong (1977), preserves an earlier contracted prose-only version of the sūtra, whileanotherSanskritmanuscript,initiallyeditedbyStaël-Holsteinin1926andlabeledSIP/ 2, contains an ‘extended’ version with prose followed by verses. Versions that have prose followed by verses is a feature shared by the ninth-century canonical Tibetan vesion and the Northern Song 北宋 (960–1126 CE) version (T 352) (Martini 2011). However, of the 33 sections that have verses among corresponding Vulgate Tibetan Kanjur editions, none of the corresponding sections among the eight Old Tibetan Dunhuang fragments have verses. In brief, as the Old Tibetan Dunhuang version lacks verses, it shares a notable feature with the older Sanskrit fragments, a number of Khotanese fragments, and the Chinese versions up until the 8th century.2 Just as notable is that in its lack of verses, the Old Tibetan version significantly differs from all ninth-century canonical Tibetan versions that contain verses. The Old Tibetan version also shares features with the brief Sanskrit version beyond the lack of verses. Similar to the brief Sanskrit version as analyzed by VorobyovaDesyatovskaya, the Old Tibetan version lacks the

concluding line of section 130 and omits a passage of section 131 that are found in the extended Sanskrit version (see Part 2).3 Section 63 of the Old Tibetan version includes a sentence corresponding with the Sanskrit but absent in the Vulgate versions. The Old Tibetan version reads gang: gzung: ba: myed:/4 pas chos: rnams gzung: ba myed: par myi: byed: de/ chos: nyid: gzung: ba: myed: pa’o which approximately matches the Sanskrit yan na agrrāhyā dharmānn agrrāhyā karoti dharmā caivāgrāhyā. The Old Tibetan version conveys a different sense of the Sanskrit than does Vulgate versions in some cases. For instance, the OldTibetan renders bodhicittaṃ muhyati as byang: cub: las: sems: nyams: par: ’gyur: instead of the Vulgate byang chub kyi sems brjed par ’gyur. In the Old Tibetan bodhicitta degenerates (nyams pa) rather than the Vulgate “is forgotten (brjed pa).5 Although all the Old Tibetan Dunhuang fragments represent a Tibetan version before 814 CE, there are differences between the fragments in translation terminology, perhaps reflecting a lack of uniformity before the imperially codified terminology of the Mahāvyutpatti. A primary example is the Old Tibetan rendering of madhyamā pratipad as dbu: ma’i: nan: tan: (IOL Tib J 55) or dbu: ma’i: sgrub: pa: (IOL Tib J 56), signifying “application of the middle” or “practice of the middle” as opposed to theVulgate Kanjur dbu ma’i lam, “middle way” or “middle path.” These translations offer viable understandings of the semantic range of pratipad (cf. Edgerton 1953:364b).


2. Versions without verses, as noted by Martini (2011: 173), “include the old Sanskrit recension, the Eastern Han 東漢 (25–220AD) translation (T 350), the Jin 晉 (265–420AD) translation (T 351), the version featuring as the seventh chapter of the *Mahāratnamegha-sūtra (Dasheng bao yun jing大乘寶雲經,T659) translated in 503ADduringtheLiang梁 period(502–552AD),andtheanonymousQin秦translationthatwasassembledin the Mahāratnakūṭa collection (T 310.43) by Bodhiruci in the period 706-713 AD under the Tang 唐 (618–907 AD).” 3. Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya 2002. 4. Note the punctuation represents a line break in the manuscript which I have retained in the transliteration. 5. See Weller 1965:63, note 5; Martini 2011: 157, note 48. 207


The “Old” Ratnakūṭa The title of the Old Tibetan version is Ārya-Ratnakūṭa-nāma-mahāyāna-sūtra as indicated in section 00 of the comparative edition. As discussed by Martini (2011:161), “The von StaëlHolstein manuscript of the Kāśyapaparivarta (SI P/2) contains no title at the beginning, and thelastpartofthemanuscriptismissing.”MostcitationsofthisdiscourseidentifiedinIndian texts before the ninth century, whether extant in Sanskrit, Tibetan, or Chinese versions, refer to the text by the name of (Ārya-)Ratnakūṭa(-sūtra). The title (Ārya-)Ratnakūṭa(-sūtra) most likely reflects an auto-reference in the text itself where the Buddha names the discourse Ratnakūṭa(-sūtra)insection52oftheStaël-Holsteinedition.6 Inotethattheauto-referenceof the title in the canonical Tibetan matches the extended Sanskrit which reads mahāratnakūṭe dharmaparyāye whereas the Old Tibetan provides the Sanskrit equivalent *ratnakūṭe dharmaparyāye, with dharmaparyāya being translated by the archaic Tibetan chos gyI gzhung.7 Recently, Martini (2011) has claimed that, “no Indian citation has as yet been identified in which the text is referred to as Kāśyapaparivarta or by any other title.” However, this is not the case asAtiśa Dīpaṃkaraśrījñāna cites this


discourse twice as “ĀryaKāśyapaparivarta” in his Ratnakaraṇḍodghāṭamadhyamakopadeśa, which Atiśa composed around the year 1037 CE.8 We can infer, therefore, that a shift of the title from Ratnakūṭa to Kāśyapaparivarta occurred between the 8th to 11th centuries in Indian sources. The Old Tibetan Dunhuang fragments and early Imperial Tibetan catalogs offers evidence for how the Ratnakūṭa was initially received and then subsequently became labeled

theKāśyapaparivarta.AnearlyImperiallysanctionedregisterofTibetantermsandtitleswith Sanskrit equivalents is found in the register Bye brag tu rtogs byed chen po, commonly known by the Sanskrit title Mahāvyutpatti. As Scherrer-Schaub (2002) has documented, this register had its beginnings in 763 CE with Tibetan Imperial authoritative decisions for normalizing the translations of Indian Buddhist works. This register was fixed in its final form in 814 CE in the year of the horse (Scherrer-Schaub 2002: 316). The Mahāvyutpatti contains an entry for Ratnakūṭa (dKon mchog brtsegs pa), but the title Kāśyapaparivarta does not appear there. This indicates that the Tibetans knew an individual sūtra called Ratnakūṭa in the late 8th century. Along these lines, the lHan-kar-ma catalogue, compiled while the Tibetan court resided at Lhan-dkar in 812 (or 824) CE9 lists forty-nine discourses under the heading of Mahāratnakūṭasūtra and records as its sixty-seventh entree the ĀryaKaśyapa-paripṛcchā (’phags pa ’od srung kyis zhus pa).10


6. See von Staël-Holstein 1926, p. 82; Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya 2002: 23-24; Martini 2011: 161. 7. Old Tibetan [§52] /de bas na ’od srung dkon mchog [IOLTib J 56,1a5] brtseg pa’I chos gyI gzhung slob bar ’dod pa’I byang chub sems dpa’s yang dag pa’I chos la brtson bar bya’o / Kanjur Tibetan (D Kg cha 130a7-b3): ’od srung de lta bas na byang chub sems dpa’ dkon mchog brtsegs pa chen po’i chos kyi rnam grangs ’di la slob par ’dod pas tshul bzhin du chos la rab tu sbyar bar bya’o/. Sanskrit MS §52: tasmin tarhi kāśyapa iha mahāratnakūṭe dharmaparyāye śikṣitukāmena bodhisatvena yoniśo dharmaprayuktena bhavitavyaṃ 8. Apple2010;Miyazaki2007.Note,aswell,thatAtiśacitestheKāśyapaparivartaasthedkonmchogbrtsegs pa’i mdo in his Mahāsūtrasamuccaya (Mochizuki 2004, sections 11.10, 14.1, 29.1, 31.4) while citing the Ratnarāśisūtra as the ’Od srungs kyis zhus pa (Kaśyapa-paripṛcchā) (Mochizuki 2004, sections 1.7, 3.6, 7.2, 9.2, 9.4, 15.2). 9. See Dotson 2007 for dates on this catalog. 10. The heading reads: theg pa chen po’i mdo sde dKon mchog brtsegs pa che po’i chos kyi rnam grangs stong phragbrgyapa’ile’urgtogspala/le’ubzhibcurtsadguyanchadlas/.SeeLalou1953:321,Herrmann-Pfandt 208


Therecentlyrecovered’PhangthangmaCatalogue(dkarchag’phangthangma),the last of three catalogues of Buddhist texts sponsored byTibetan emperors, provides a brief list ofninetextsinitsgroupingoftheMahāratnakūṭasection.Amongthesetextsthecataloglists the Ārya-Kāśyapaparivarta (’phags pa ’od srungs kyi le’u) in two sections (bam po gnyis).11 Dotson (2007) has recently dated the ’Phang thang ma Catalogue to the year of the dog that occurred in 842 CE as the earliest possible date. The evidence indicates that the title of this discourse in Tibetan culture shifted from Ratnakūṭa (dKon mchog brtsegs pa) in the late 8th century to Kāśyapaparivarta (’od srungs kyi le’u) by the mid-9th century. The title Kāśyapaparivarta that appears from the Tibetan translation ’Phags pa ’Od srung gi le’u (zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo) along with the reconstructed Sanskrit title  Ārya-Kāśyapaparivarta(nāma Mahāyāna-sūtra) occurs in all subsequent collections of Tibetan Kanjurs. Does the Tibetan title Kāśyapaparivarta (’od srungs kyi le’u) betray significant Chinese influence? No, it does not, as an additional Dunhuang manuscript suggests otherwise. As K. Priscilla Pedersen discusses in her overview of the Ratnakūṭa Collection thatwascompiledby

Bodhiruci,theKāśyapaparivartahasbeenretitledas普明菩薩會 (Ch. pu ming pusa hui, Jpn humyō bosatsue) reconstructed in Sanskrit as *Samantaprabhāsabodhisattva-paripṛcchā.12 Bodhiruci apparently made this change in order to avoid confusion withtheRatnakūṭaCollectionNo.23Mahākāśypapa-saṅgīti-siṃhanāda.Althoughwedonot have colophons for any of the Dunhuang fragments of the Old Tibetan Ratnakūṭa, another Old Tibetan Dunhuang fragment, IOL Tib J 152, provides a colophon to the forty-third section of the Mahāratnakūṭa collection. As La Vallée Poussin (1962) noted in his catalog, the forty-third section would normally be the Kāśyapaparivarta. The text of the fragment is actually from the Kāśyapaparivarta but the Tibetan title given in this colophon is translated as “The Assembly (’dus pa = 會) of *Samantaprabhāsa-bodhisattva.”13 In other words, the Tibetan text preserved on side 1 of the Dunhuang fragment IOLTib J 152 indicates the final lines and colophon of this version was translated from the Chinese version of Bodhiruci’s renamed version found in his Mahāratnakuṭa collection. This evidence indicates that the Tibetans were aware of Bodhiruci’s forty-third section of the Mahāratnakuṭa collection with the title *Samantaprabhāsa-bodhisattva-paripṛcchā. This evidence also indicates that the title Kāśyapaparivarta came from an Indian source from either Central Asia or India while the Ratnakūṭa Collection circulated in the 8th century. Vulgate versions of Western Kanjurs, such as the Hemis and Basgo Kanjurs, as well as fragments from Tabo, preserve in their colophons the alternative title from Bodhiruci’s collection in addition to the title from the Indian based Tibetan translation.14


2008:38. Martini (2011: 162) states that the Lhan-dkar-ma catalog does not mention the Kāśyapaparivarta. 11. rDo (2003), dkar chag ’phang thang ma, p. 5. 12. Pedersen1980: 65, note 15. 13. IOLTib J 152 colophon: [1a3] .... // //’phagspadkonmchogbrtsegs[1a4]pachenpo’Imdostongphrag brgya’ pa las/ /byang chub sems dpa’ kun tu snang ba’i ’dus pa ste/ /’dus pa bzhI bcu gsum pa rdzogs sho// 14. Hemis,dKonbrtsegs,Nga413a8: //...rgya'ile'usbyorlaskunnassnanggile'uzhes'byung...;Basgo2,cha 204b6title,...byangchubsemsdpa’kunnassnanggiszhupa...,colophon,...rgya’ile’usbyorlaskunnassnang gi le’u zhes byung...; Basgo 3: ...rgya’i le’u sbyor las kun nas snang gi le’u zhes ’byung...; Tabo fragments (Scherrer-Schaub and Harrison 2009), Ta1.3.1.17:...rgya'i le'u sbyor las kun snang gi le'u zhes 'byung...; Ta1.3.9.6:...byang chub sems dpa' kun nas snang gis zhus pa...; Ta1.3.13.14:...byang chub sems dpa' kun nas +snang+ gis zhus pa... 209


Vulgate Kanjur Comparison As alluded to above, all Vulgate Kanjurs are descendants from the revised translation under imperial support of Jinamitra, Śīlendarabodhi, and Ye-shes-sde. I have collated the Old Tibetan Dunhuang version in comparison with select Vulgate Kanjurs. There are currently over twenty extant Kanjur editions and fragments of the Tibetan Kāśyapaparivarta. In the following comparative collation I have chosen one exemplar from each of the major lines of descent among extant Tibetan Kanjurs (Apple 2016). The Ulan Bator manuscript Kanjur (1671, sigla V), is representative of the Them spang ma line. The Gondhla proto-Kanjur (Tauscher 2008, sigla Go) represents Western Kanjurs and the Kangxi (Harvard, 1692, sigla KH) represents the Tshal pa line.15 I note that recent studies have theorized based on critical analysis that the Gondhla may be the oldest amongWestern Kanjurs (Tropper 2010) and may be the oldest vulgate exemplar for the Tibetan Ratnakūṭa collection (Tauscher and Lainé 2008). I have collated the Derge edition (D) for reference purposes as it is a widely available Kanjur. In the collation of Vulgate Kanjurs I have not marked abbreviations, scribal marks, punctuation, writing under the line, ya btags or dra drag (mainly in Go).


Conclusion To conclude, these seven previously unidentified Old Tibetan Dunhuang fragments comprise a version of the Kāśyapaparivarta preserved in Old Tibetan that was previously unknown. Thisversionhasanumberofnotablefeaturesincludingalackofversesandcontractedprose. In addition, one fragment indicates that the Old Tibetan version of this sūtra was explicitly called Ratnakūṭa, a title that accords with the title found in extant Indian and Khotanese

works.ThistitlealsodiffersfromlaterKanjurversionswherethetextisentitled’Odsrunggi le’u together with the reconstructed Sanskrit title Kāśyapaparivarta. One fragment also contains a segment missing from Tibetan canonical versions (see Part 2). In sum, the Old Tibetan Ratnakūṭa is the 8th century Tibetan version of the Kāśyapaparivarta. This version is similar to, yet distinct from, other versions of the Kāśyapaparivarta preserved in Sanskrit, Chinese, Khotanese, and the later canonical Tibetan.


15. The Kangxi edition I have collated is from the Harvard Yenching library and contains pencil marks in German that indicate section numbers of the KP. Presumably this copy was owned by Staël-Holstein, although he did not use this Tibetan edition for the Tibetan of his 1926 KPedition. I note as well that there are currently three known prints of the Kangxi Tibetan Kanjur (1692-1700) in red ink: the Otani edition, one from Mongolia (Digital Preservation Society 2010), and the one found at Harvard. A preliminary comparison between these three prints indicates a number of minor differences that will need to be accounted for in a full text critical analysis of Tibetan versions of the KP. 210


Comparative Collation of Tibetan Versions of the Kāśyapaparivarta


Dunhuang Tibetan Vulgate Kanjurs [§00] [IOLTibJ153,1a1] $ [/ /] rgya […] d[u]: a: rya: rad: na: ku: [ta]: na: ma: ma: ha: ya: na: su: tra’// //bod: skad: du: dkon: mchog: brtsegs: pa: zhes: bya: ba: theg: pa: chen: po’i: mdo// bam: po: gcig: go/ /sang: rgyas: dang: byang: chub: sems: dpa [1a2] dpa: tham[s] […]: lo/ /’dI: skad: bdag: gis: thos: pa: dus: gcig: na:/ bcom: ldan: ’da’s: rgyal: po’i: khab: bya: rgod: spungngs: pa’i: ri: la/ /dge: slong: brgyad: stong: gI: dge: slong: gi: dge: ’dun: chen: po: dang:/ sangs: [1a3] […] pa’i: byang: chub: sems dpa’: sems: dpa: 〇 chen: po/ stong: phrag bcu: drug: dang/ thabs: gcig: du: bzhugs: te//’dI:lta:ste:thams:chad:gyang:bla:na:myed:pa: yang: dag: par: rjos [1a4] […][g]s: pa’[i]: byang ch[u]b: du: skye: [ba] gcig: g[…] pa: sha: dag: go/ /yang: de’i: tshe: ’khor der tshe: dang: ldan: ba: ’o*d*: srung: chen po: ’dus: par: gyar: te/ /’dug go/ /de: na: bcom: ldan: ’da’s: gyis:/ tshe: dang: ldan: ba: ’od srung chen: [1a5] [p]o: la: bka’: stsal: pa’/ bam po dang po/16 /rgya gar skad du/ ārya kā shya pa pa ri barta nā ma ma hā yā na sū tra/ bod skad du/ ’phags pa ’od srung gi le’u zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo17/ /sangs rgyas dang/ byang chub sems dpa’thams cad la phyag ’tshal lo/ /’di skad bdag gis thos pa18 dus gcig na/ bcom ldan ’das rgyal po’i khab ni19 bya rgod kyi phung po’i ri la/ dgeslongbrgyadstonggidgeslonggi20 dge’dunchen po dang/ byang chub sems dpa’sangs rgyas kyi zhing sna tshogs nas/ ’dus pa khri drug stong thams cad kyang ’di lta ste/ bla na med pa yang dag par rdzogs pa’i byang chub tu skye ba gcig gis thogs pa sha stag dang thab cig tu bzhugs te/ de’i tshe na tshe dang ldan pa ’od srung chen po ’khor de nyid du ’dus par gyur nas ’dug go/ de nas bcom ldan ’das kyis tshe dang ldan pa ’od srung chen po la bka’ stsal pa/


[§01] /’od: srung ch[os] […] :/ /byang: chub: sems: dpa’I: shes: rab: kun: ’brI: bar: ’gyur te/ /bzhI: gang: zhe: na: ’d[i]: lta: ste/ /chos: dang: chos: smra: ba: la: sting: stang: myed: pa: yin/ /chos: la: se*r*: [1a6] [sna] [b]y[e]d: cing: chos: la: slobs: dpon: ’cab: pa: yin/ /chos:’dod:dpa’i:gang:zag:rnams:la//chos:gyi:bar chad: byed: de: mos: pha: zlog: pa: dang: ’khrug: par: byed/ /myI: ston: cing: rab: du: ’cab: pa: yin:/ nga rgyal: gyi*s*: [1b1] […] / gzhan: sa: sod: pa: yin: te: [-]d sr[u]ng: chos: de bzhI[-] byang: chub: sems: dpa’: shes: rab: kun: ’brI: bar: ’gyuro/ ’od srung chos bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i shes rab yongs su nyams par ’gyur ba ste/ bzhi gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ chos dang chos smra ba la mi gus pa yin/ chos la ser sna byed cing chos la slob dpon gyi dpe mkhyud byed pa yin/ chos ’dod pa’i gang zag rnams la chos kyi bar chad byed cing ’dun pa zlog par byed/rnampar’khrugparbyedde/mistoncingrabtu ’chab pa yin/ mngon pa’i nga rgyal gyis bdag la bstod cing gzhan la smod21 pa yin te/ ’od srung chos bzhi po de dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i shes rab yongs su nyams par ’gyur ba’o/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste/ chos smra ba la gus pa med pa yin/ |chos la ser sna byed par gyur pa dang| |chos la slob dpon dpe mkhyud byed pa yin| |chos ’dod rnams la bgegs ni byed gyur cing| |’dun pa zlog la de bzhin rnam ’khrug byed | |rgyal22 bas bsngags pa’i chos ni yong mi ston| |le lo can de bdag bstod rtag tu brtson | |gzhan la smod par byed la mngon par dga’ | |chos bzhi ’di dag rgyal ba’i sras rnams kyi | |shes rab nyams par ’gyur bar rgyal bas gsungs | |chos bzhi ’di dag rab tu spang byas la | | rgyal bas gsungs pa’i chos bzhi gzhan bsgom mo| 16. om. bam po dang po Go KH 17. mdo’ Go 18. pa’i Go 19. kyi Go; om. ni KH V 20. om. dge slong gi V 21. smad V 22. brgyal Go 211


[§02] [IOLTibJ153,1b1] /’od:srung:chos:’dI:bzhi:ni/byang chub sems dpa’i: shes: rab chen: por: ’gyur: te/ /bzhi: [1b2] [--]: na ’dI: [--] chos[--][…] bcas: pa: yIn/ /zang: zing myed: pa’I: sems: gyis:/ /rnyed: pa: dang: bkur: stI: d[…] su: bcad: pa: la: mye: re: bar: jI: ltar: thos: pa: dang:/ jI ltar khong du chud: pa’i cho*s* [1b3] […] / /yang dag: par: rab: tu: ston: par: byed/ /mang: du: thos: pas: shes: rab: ’ong: bar: shes: te/ mgo’i: thod: la mye: ’bar: ba: bzhin: du: thos: pa: tshol: zhing/ ji: ltar thos [1b4] pa’i: chos: rnams […] gnan: tan: snyIng: por: byed: pa: yin: te/ /smra: da: dang: brjod: pa’i:/ tshig: la: dam: par: ma: yIno:/ /’od: srung: chos: de: bzhi: ni: byang: chub: sems: dpa’i: shes: rab: chen: por: ’gyur: ro/


/’od srung chos bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i shes rab chen por ’gyur ba ste/ bzhi23 gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ chos dang chos smra ba la gus pa dang bcas pa yin/ zang zing med pa’i sems kyis24 rnyed pa dangbkurstidang/tshigssubcadpalamirebarjiltar thos pa dang/ ji ltar khong du chud pa’i chos rnams gzhan dag la rgya cher yang dag par rab tu ston par byed pa yin/ mang du thos pa las shes rab ’byung bar rig nas25/ mgo’am gos la me ’bar ba bzhin du thos pa26 yongssutsholzhingjiltarthospa’ichos 27rnams’dzin par byed pa yin/ nan tan snying por byed kyi smra ba dang brjod pa’i tshig lhur len pa ma yin pa ste28/ ’od srung chos bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i shes rab chen por ’gyur ba’o/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste |chos smra ba la gus dang bcas pa yin| |zang zing med cing rnyed dang bkur sti la| |re ba med cing tshig bcad mi sems par| |ji ltar thos pa’i chos rnams gzhan la ston| |thos29 la shes rab ’byung bar des rig nas| |mgo la ’bar bzhin rtag tu thos pa tshol| |de ni ji ltar thos pa’i chos rnams ’dzin| |chos bzung nas ni nan tan bya phyir gnas| |mkhas de nan tan snying por byed pa yin| |tshig lhur mi len smra ba lhur mi len| |mkhas pas chos bzhi ’di dag bsten byas na| |rgyal bas bsngags pa’i shes rab thob par ’gyur/ 23. gzhi V 24. kyi Go 25. na KH 26. pa’i KH 27. om. yongs su tshol zhing ji ltar thos pa’i chos KH 28. te Go KH 29. chos Go 212


[§03] [IOL TibJ153,1b5] ’od srung: […] dang:/ ldan: na: byang: chub: sems: dpa’:/ byang: cub: las: sems: nyams: par: ’gyur: ro/ /bzhI gang: zhe na ’dI lta ste/ /slobs: dpon: dang: bla: ma: dang:/ sbyin: gnas: da la: slu: ba: dang/ gzhan/ [1b6] ’gyod: pa: myed: pa: [--] ’gyod: par: byed: pa: dang/ theg: pa chen: po: la:/ zhugs: ba’i: sems can: rnams: la: myI: bsngags: pa: dang: myI: snyan: pa: dang/ brjod: pa: ma: yin: ba’i: sgra: tshigsu: bcad: pa: ’byin: pa dang/ sgyu: dang: […]


/’od srung byang chub sems dpa’chos bzhi dang ldan na/ byang chub kyi sems brjed par ’gyur te/ bzhi gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ slob dpon dang/ bla ma dang/ sbyin gnas la slu ba dang/ gzhan ’gyod pa med pa dag la ’gyod pa nye bar sgrub pa dang/ theg pa chen po la yang dag par zhugs pa’i sems can rnams la bsngags pa ma yin pa dang/ mi snyan pa dang/ brjod pa ma yin pa’i sgra tshigs su bcad pa ’byin pa dang/ sgyu dang {g.yos gzhan la nye bar spyod kyi lhag pa’i bsam pas ma yin pa ste/ ’od srung byang chub sems dpa’chos bzhi po de dag dang ldan na byang chub kyi sems brjed par ’gyur ro //de la ’di skad ces bya ste} |sbyin gnas bla mas bsgo bzhin mi byed dang| |gzhan dag la yang the tshom nyer sgrub dang| |sems can gang dag byang chub rab zhugs pa| |de la bsngags min mi snyan smra ba dang| |sgyu dang g.yo dang rgyan la dor byed pas| |gzhan la sten gyi bsam pas ma yin pa| |chos bzhi ’di dag kun tu bsten byas na| |sangs rgyas byang chub sems mchog nyams par ’gyur| |de lta bas na chos ’di sten byed na| |byang chub mchog las de ni ring bar ’gyur| |de las bzlog pa sten par byed na ni| |byang chub mchog rab bsngags pa reg par ’gyur || [§04–§08] <<missing>> [§09]


[IOL Tib J 55] [14.1] $/ /: rnams: mthong: na: rI: mo: myi: byed: cing: nga: ’dzin: pa yi[…] / /’od: srung: de: bzhi: ni: byang chub: sems: dpa’i: khems: pa’o/ {’od srung bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’ dmu rgod de/ bzhi gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ thos pa la gces pa ’dor ba’i chos su gnas shing chos kyi rjes su ’thun pa’i chos sgrub pa la nan tan du mi byed pa yin/ /rjes su bstan pa la gces pa ’dor ba’i chos su gnas shing slob dpon dang mkhan po la sri zhu mi byed pa yin/ dam bcas pa las nyams kyang dad pas byin pa la kun du spyod de/ dad pas byin pa log par ltung bar byed pa yin/ byang chub sems dpa’ dul ba cang shes}rnamsmthongnamigusshingngargyal’dzinpa yin te / ’od srung bzhi po de dag ni byang chub sems dpa’ dmu rgod do/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste |thos pas rgod pa gnas par byed pa yin| |rjes su bstan pa’i chos ñid rtogs mi ’gyur| |de ni chos kun gces pa ’dor ba sten| |’phags pa rnams la nam yaṅ sri źu med| |dam bcas ñams kyaṅ dad pas byin pa yi| |kha zas rnams la de ni rtag tu za| |byang chub sems dpa’ cang shes thob pa dag| |mthong bar gyur na gus par mi byed cing| |dmu rgod de ni nga rgyal ’phel bar byed| |byang chub sems dpa’ nga rgyal bcag mi sten| |’di dag dmu rgod bde bar gshegs pas gsungs| |de dag rgyal sras rnams kyis yongs su spang| 213


[§10] [IOL Tib J 55] /’od: srung: ’dI: bzhi: ni: byang: chub: sems: pa: nI: cang: myi: shes: pa’o/ /bzhi: gang: zhe: na: ’dI: lta: ste: [14.2] legs: par: thos: pa: nyan: gyI: nyes: par: the[…] / chos: dang: gnyer: pa’i: chos: gyi: bsgrub: pa: de: la: nan tandu: byed: pa: yin: / /don: gyi: phyir: ’brang: gI: ’brul’i: phyir: ’brang: ba: ma: yin:/ /bstan: pa: dang: / / [14.3] bslab: pa: la:/ bka’slob: bde: zhing: nga: lo: yang: ba yIn:/ /legs: par: byed: pa’I: las: 〇 byed: cing: bla: ma: la: nyan: par: ’gyur: pa: yin/ /tshul: khrims: dang:/ /ting: nge: ’dzin: mnyams: pas: can: shes: pa’i: zas [14.4] za: ba: dang: dul: ba: dang cang: shes: thob: pa’i: byang: chub: sems: pa: ?mthong: na/ ri: mor: bcas: stI: stang: du: bcas: / de: la: gzhol: te: la: ’bab/ de: la: ’bab: cing: de’i: yon: tan: la: re ba: yin: no: [14.5] ’od: srung de: bzhi: ni: byang chub [s]e[m]s dpa’: cang: shes: pa’o/


/’od srung bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’ cang shes pa ste/ /bzhi gang zhe na/ /’di lta ste/ legs par thos pa nyan cing de la nan tan du byed de/ don la rton kyi30/ tshig ’bru la mi rton pa yin/ /gdams ngag dang rjes su bstan pa la ’thun par ’dzin cing/ bka’blo bde la legs par byed pa’i las byed cing/ bla ma la sri zhu bya ba tshar phyin pa yin/ tshul khrims dang ting nge ’dzin las ma nyams te cang shes pas zas za ba yin/ byang chub sems dpa’dul ba cang shes rnams mthong na gus pa dang bcas shing rje31 sa dang bcas par de la gzhol ba32/ /de la ’bab/ /de la bab cing de’i yon tan ’dodpayinte/’odsrungbzhipodedagnibyangchub sems dpa’ cang shes so / /de la ’di skad ces bya ste |gang gnyan de ni legs par thos par byed| |chos don snying por byed cing nan tan gnas| |rjes su bstan pa ’thun par ’dzin byed cing| |chos ’dod bka’ blo bde bar bla ma sten| |tshul khrims ting nge ’dzin la rtag gnas shing| |tshul khrims bsdams nas de ni bza’ ba za| |gus dang bcas shig rje sar bcas pa yin| |de la gzhol zhing der ’bab yon tan ’dod| |rgyal sras gang dag cang shes thob gyur pa| |de dag la ni rtag tu dga’ bas lta| |bde bar gshegs pas bstan pa ’di bzhi ni| |bde33 gshegs sras po cang shes thob pa yin | 30. gyi KH V 31. zhe Go KH 32. gzhol ba V; gzhol Go KH 33. bder V


214 [§11] [IOL Tib J 55] [14.5] /’od: srung: ’dI: bzhi ni: byang chub: sems: dpa’: ’khrul: pa’o / /bzhI: gang: zhe: na: ’dI: lta: ste:/ yongs: smyin: par ma: byas: pa’i: sems can: [14.6] la/ yId: brtags: pa: nI: byang chub sems: dpa’I: ’khrul: pa’o/ /snod: du: ma: gyur: pa’i: sems can: la: sangs: rgyas: gyi: chos: rgya: chen: po: yang: dag: pha: rab: du ston: pa: nI/ byang chub: sems: dpa’i: ’khrul: pa’o/ /rgya chen [13.1] la: mos: pa’i: sems: can: la the[g] [--] [chu]ng: ngu: yang: dag: pa: rab: du: ston: pa: ni: byang: chub: sems: dpa’I: ’khrul: pa’o/ /yang: dag: pa: la: rab: du: gnas: pa’i: sems: can tshul: khrims: dang: ldan: ba: dge: ba’i: chos: ca*n* [13.2] la: myi: cyed: cing: log: pa’i: tshul: khrims: sdig: pa’i: chos can: kun: sdud: pa: pa: ni:/ /byang: chub: sems: dpa’I: ’khrul: pa: ste/ /’od: srung: de: bzhi: ni: byang: chub: sems: dpa’i: ’khrul: pa’o/


/’od srung bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i ’khrul pa ste/ /bzhi gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ sems can yongs su smin par ma byas pa rnams la yid rton pa byang chub sems dpa’i ’khrul pa dang34/ sems can snod du ma gyur pa rnams la sangs rgyas kyi chos rgya chen po ston pa byang chub sems dpa’i ’khrul pa dang/ rgya chen po la mos pa’i sems can rnams la theg pa dman pa ston pa dang35/ byang chub sems dpa’i ’khrulpadang/semscanyangdagpalarabtugnaspa tshul khrims dang ldan pa dge ba’i chos can36 rnams la brnyas shing tshul khrims ’chal ba sdig pa’i chos can kun du sdud pa/ byang chub sems dpa’i ’khrul pa ste/ ’od srung bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i ’khrul pa’o/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste |yongs smin ma byas rnams la yid mi brtan| |snod min rnams la rgya chen chos mi bshad| |rgya chen sems can rnams la theg pa dman| |byang chub sems dpa’ mchog gis bshad mi bya| |yang dag gnas shing tshul khrims yon tan ldan| |dge ba’i chos can rnams la brnyas mi bya| |tshul khrims ’chal pa’i sems can yongs mi bsdu| |sdig pa’i chos rnams yongs su spang bar bya| |’khrul pa’i chos bzhi ’di dag shes gyur nas| |byang chub sems dpas rgyang bsring rnam par spong| |’di dag bstan na byang chub ’tshang mi rgya| |de lta bas na mkhas pas chos ’di spong | [§12] [IOL Tib J 55] /’od: srung: de: bzhi: nI byang chub: [13.3] sems: dpa’I: lam: ste/ /bzhi: gang: zhe na: ’dI: lta: ste/ /sems: can: thams: chad: 〇 la mnyam: ba’i: sems: dang:/ sems: can: thams: chad:/ sangs: rgyas: gyI: ye: shes: la: ’jog: pa: dang:/ sems chan: thaMs [13.4] chad: la; mnyam: ba’I sems: gyi chos: sto[…] chan thams: chad: la/ yang: dag: sbyor: ba’o/ /’od: srung: ’dI: bzhi: ni: byang: chub: sems: dpa’: lam: mo/ /


/’od srung bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i lam ste/ /bzhi gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ sems can thams cad la sems mnyam pa dang/ sems can thams cad la mtshungs par chos ston pa dang/ sems can thams cad sangs rgyas kyi ye shes yang dag par ’dzin du ’jug pa dang/ sems can thams cad la yang dag par sbyor ba ste/ ’od srung bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i37 lam mo/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste |sems can rnams la rtag tu sems snyoms bya| |sangs rgyas theg mchog yang dag ’dzin du ’jug| |rgyal bas bsngags pa’i chos ni bstan par bya| |sems can kun la dang ba’i sems su bya| |yang dag sbyor zhing nan tan byed par gnas| |sems can kun la mtshungs par spyad par bya| |chos bzhi ’di dag rgyal bas rab bsngags te| |rgyal sras rnams kyis de dag rtag tu bsten | 34. dang edited with red ink KH 35. om. dang Go KH V 36. om. can Go V 37. dpa’ V 215 [§13] [IOL Tib J 55] //od: srung: ’dI: bzhi: ni byang [13.5] chub: dpa’i: ma: dge: ba’I: bshes: nyen: myI: dge: ba:[i] […] ste/ /d[e]: dag nI: byang: chub: sems: dpa’s: yo*ng*ss*pu*ng: bar: bya’o/ / /bzhI: gang: zhe: na: ’dI: lta: ste:/ /bdag: la: phan: ba’i: phyir zhugs: pa: nyan: thos: [13.6] gyi: the[g]: pa: c[e]n: dang/ /don cung: zhing byed pa [r]ung: ba rang: sangs: rgyas: gyi: theg: pa: can: dang / snags: dang: / spobs: pa: sna: tshogs: ’jig: rten: pha: phyal: ba: dang/ /gang: la: bstan: pas: ’jig: rten: gyi: dzang zing: [...]


/’od srung bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i bshes gnyen ngan pa grogs po38 ngan pa39 ste/ de dag byangchubsemsdpasyongssuspangbarbya’o//bzhi gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ nyan thos kyi theg pa pa dag40 la phan pa’i phyir zhugs pa dang/ rang sangs rgyas kyi theg pa pa41 don nyung zhing bya ba nyung ba dang/ ’jig rten rgyang phan pa42 gsang tshig sna tshogs kyi spobs pa can dang/ gang la brten pas ’jig rten gyi zang zing {kun sdud par ’gyur gyi43/ chos kun mi sdud pa ste/ ’od srung bzhi po de dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i bshes gnyen ngan pa grogs po ngan pa ste/ de dag byang chub sems dpas yongs su spang bar bya’o/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste} |nyan thos gang dag bdag phan brtson pa dang| |gang dag rab tu byung nas rnal ’byor spyod| |rang sangs rgyas pa gang dag byed nyung zhing| |bdag gi don du ’du ’dzi rnam par spong| |byis pa gang dag ’jig rten rgyad pan klog| |ji ltar bstan bzhin gang dag ’dir rtsod byed| |gang la brten na zang zing kun sdud kyi| |chos ni nam yang sdud par mi byed pa| |de bzhi byang chub sems dpas rab spangs nas| |dge ba’i bshes gnyen bzhi la bsten par bya| |’di dag bshes gnyen dan dang grogs ngan du| |rgyal bas gsungs te thag bsring yongs su spong| 38. om. po Go; po written under line in red ink KH 39. Om. grogs po ngan pa V 40. bdag KH 41. Om. pa V 42. pa’i V 43. gyis KH 216


[§14] [PT671,2b3]/’od srung ’di ba [-] ni byang chub sems: dpa’I: dge: bsh’I: bzhes nyen te bzhi gang zhe: na: ’di lta ste [2b4] byang cub gyi lam rton pa’I: phyir slong ba ni: byang chub sems: dpa’i: dge’〇 ba’i: bshem nyen no/ /thos pa’i she[s] [-]: rton pa’I: phyir chos smra ba[-] ni: byang chub [2b5] sems: dpa’i: dge’ ba’i bshes nyen no/ /dge’ ba’i: rtsa ba thams: chad rton: pa’I: phyir rab du ’byung [--] stobs pa: ni: byang [-]ub sams [-]dpa’i dge’i ba’i bshes nyen [2b6] no/ /sa[ngs] rgyas chos: thams cad rton pa’i: phyir sa[ngs] rgyas b[c]om ldan ’das: ni: byang chub sems dpa’i dg[e]’: ba’i bshes: nyen te/ ’od srung d[e] bzhi /’od srung bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i dge ba’i bshes gnyen te/ bzhi gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ byang chub kyi lam rton pa’i phyir slong ba byang chub sems dpa’i dge ba’i bshes gnyen dang/ thos pa’i shesrabrtonpa’iphyirchossmrababyangchubsems dpa’i dge ba’i bshes gnyen dang/ dge ba’i rtsa ba thams cad rton pa’i phyir rab tu ’byung ba yang dag par ’dzin du ’jug pa byang chub sems dpa’i dge ba’i bshes gnyen dang/ sangs rgyas kyi chos thams cad rton pa’i phyir sangs rgyas bcom ldan ’das rnams byang chub sems dpa’i dge ba’i bshes gnyen te/ /’od srung bzhi po de dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i dge ba’i bshes gnyen no/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste |byang chub yongs su rton phyir len pa po| |sbyin byed rnams kyi dge ba’i bshes gnyen yin| |chos don smra ba thos dag shes rab byed | |dge ba’i bshes gnyen yin par bde gshegs gsungs| |gang dag rab ’byung yang dag ’dzin ’jug pa| |de dag dge rtsa yin pas bshes gnyen gsungs | |rdzogs sangs rgyas kyi lam ni rton pa’i phyir | |sangs rgyas rnams ni bde gshegs sras kyi bshes| |rgyal bas bsngags pa bzhi po ’di dag ni| |bde gshegs sras kyi dge ba’i bshes gnyen te| |’di dag bsten cing rtag tu bag yod na| | bde gshegs bstan pa’i byang chub ’thob par ’gyur| [§15–§18] <<missing>> [§19]


[PT 676, 1a1] $// tham: chad: sgrub: pa’I: phyir: brtson: ’grus:pa’o//’odsrungchosdebzhinibyangcubsems dpa’I: dge’ ba’i: chos: thams chad sdud par ’gyur ba’o/ {/’od srung chos bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’idgeba’irtsaba’ichosthamscadsdudpar’gyur baste/bzhigangzhena/’diltaste/tshul’chospamed par dgon pa na gnas pa dang/ lan du phan ’dogs par re ba med par ’gyur ba44 bsdu ba’i dngos po bzhi po dag dang/ sems can thams cad la lus dang srog gtong zhing dam pa’i chos yongs su tshol ba dang/ thos pa dang don gyis ngoms mi myong zhing dge ba’i rtsa ba} thams cad yang dag par sdud pa’i brtson ’grus te/ ’od srung chos bzhi po de dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i dge ba’i rtsa ba’i chos thams cad sdud par ’gyur ro/ {/de la ’di skad ces bya ste} | dgon par gnas shing tshul ’chos rnam par spong| | rgyal gsungs bsdu ba sems can rnams la byed| | dam chos yongs su btsal ba brtsam byas nas| | lus dang srog kyang yongs su gtong bar byed| | dge ba’i rtsa ba shin tu mi nyung ba| | yang dag bsgrub phyir rtag tu ngoms mi myong| | dge ba’i chos rnams yang dag bsdu ba’i phyir dang| | chos bzhi ’di dag bde bar gshegs pas gsungs| 44. om. ’gyur ba Go KH V 217


[§20] [PT 676, 1a1] /’od srung ’dI bzhin byang [1a2] chub sems dpa’I bsod nams gyI tshogs dpag du myed pa’o/ /bzhi gang zhe na ’dI lta ste/ zan zing myed pa’I sems gyIchossbyinbadang/nganpa’itshulkhrImscangyI sems can la/ nyIng rje ba dang/ sems *can* thams chad la/ [1a3] byang chub gyI sems snyond pa dang/ dman ba rnams la bzod pas bse und pa’o/ /’od srung 〇 de bzhI ni byang chub sems pa’I bsod nams gyI tshogs dpag du myed pa’o/


/’od srung bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i bsodnamskyitshogsdpagtumedpaste45/bzhi46 gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ zang zing med pa’i sems kyis chos sbyin pa dang/ tshul khrims ’chal pa rnams la cher snying rje ba dang/ sems can thams cad la byang chub kyi sems ston pa dang/ /nyam chung ba rnams la bzod pa47 sten pa ste/ ’od srung bzhi po de dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i bsod nams kyi tshogs dpag tu med pa’o/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste | dag cing zang zing med pa’i sems kyis su| | chos kyi sbyin byed rgyal bas rab tu bsngags| | tshul khrims mi ldan pa la snying rje che| | gzhan dag byang chub phyir ni sems skyed ’jug| | nyam chung rnams la bzod pas dang du len| | ’di ni dge chos sdud par gsungs pa ste| | ’di dag bsten na rgyal bar ’gyur bas na| | byang chub sems dpas de dag rtag tu bsten| [§21] [PT676, 1a3] /’odsrungchos’dIbzhini/byangchub sems: [1a4] dpa’I/ ma rIg pa’i bag chags kyI nyon mongs pa’I sa ’jom bar ’gyur ba’o/ /bzhI gang zhe na ’dI lta ste/ tshul khrIms sdom ba dang/ dam pa’I chos kund ’dzInd pa dang/ mar mye sbyin ba dang/ chung du na mdza ba la [1a5] sbyIn ba ste/ ’od srung chos de bzhI ni/ byang chub sems dpa’I ma rig pa’I bag chags gyI nyon mongs pa’I sa ’jom bar ’gyur ro/


/’od srung chos bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i ma rig pa’i bag chags kyi sa’i nyon mongs pa ’joms par ’gyur ba ste/ bzhi gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ tshul khrims kyi sdom pa yang dag par ’dzin pa dang/ dampa’ichosyongssu’dzinpadang//sgronmasbyin pa dang/ tha na ’dris pa rnams la yang sbyin pa ste/ ’od srung chos48 bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i ma rig pa’i bag chags kyi sa’i nyon mongs pa ’joms par byed pa’o/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste |tshul khrims sdom pa yang dag ’dzin byed dang| |dam chos ’dzin dang sgron ma sbyin pa dang| |de bzhin tha na ’dris la sbyin byed cing| |mkhas pa ma rigs pa las rnam par ’byed| 45. pa’o V 46. gzhi V 47. pas Go KH V 48. om. chos Go V 218 [§22] [PT676, 1a5] /’odsrungchos’dIbzhini/byangchub sems dpa’ bsgrIbs pa myed pa’I ye shes khong du chudpar’gyuro// [1b1] bzIgangzhena’dIltaste/chos sbyIn ba dang dam pa’I chos yongsu ’dzInd pa dang/ phrag dog myed pa dang/ gzhan la myI brnyas pa ste/ ’od srung chos de bzhI ni/ byang chub sems dpa’I bsgribs pa myed pa’I ye shes khong du chud par ’gyur ro//


/’od srung chos bzhi po ’di dag ni byang chub sems dpa’i sgrib pa med pa’i ye shes thob par ’gyur ba ste49/ bzhi gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ dam pa’i chos sbyin pa dang/ dam pa’i chos yongs su ’dzin pa dang/ phrag dog med pa dang/ gzhan dag la mi brnyas pa ste/ ’od srung chos bzhi po de dag ni byang chub sems dpa’50 sgrib pa med pa’i ye shes thob par ’gyur ba’o/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste |gang dag byang chub la ni sgrib byed pa| |sdig pa bzhi pa bcu po rnam spangs nas| |mkhas pas de bzhin bcu gnyis gzhan bsten na| |’chi med reg nas byang chub thob par ’gyur| |sems can dam pa51 gang dag52 chos tshul ’di53| |’dzin ta ma klog gam rab tu bsten byed pa| |de dag bsod nams mtha’ yas rgyal bas gsungs| |de yi tshad ni rgyal ba rnam brjod do| |gang gis zhing ni gang gā’i bye ma snyed| |rin chen bkang ste rgyal la phul ba bas| |gang gis ’di la tshig bzhi’i tshigs bcad klog| |bsod nams ’di yi grangs su’ang mi phod do|


[§23] [PT 676, 1b2] ’od srung byang chub sems dpa’ la myIng tsam gyIs byang cub sems dpa’ zhes myI bya/ /’dI sta ste chos la spyod pa dang/ snyom[s] par spyod pa dang/ bdge bar spyod pa dang/ chos la spyod par ldan ba’I byang chub sems dpa’ [1b3] nI/ ’od srung byang cub sems dpa’ zhes bya’o/ /yang ’od srung byang chub sems dpa’/ chos sum cu 〇 rtsa gnyIs dang ldan *ba* nI byang [chu]b sems dpa zhes bya’o/ /sum *cu* rtsa gnyIs gang zhe na ’dI lta ste/ sems can thams *chad* la [1b4] phan zhIng bde’ bar sems pa dang/ thams chad mkhyen kyI ye she la ’dzud pa dang/ bdag jI tsam ba’I tshod ’dzin cing/ gzhan gyI shes pa la myI smod pa dang/ ngan du sems pas sems can thams chad la nga rgyal myed pa dang/ b*sa*ms [1b5] ba brtan ba dang/ myI ’chos phar mdza’ ba dang mdza’ba dang myi mdza’ba la sems snyoms pha dang/ mya ngan las ’das kyI bar du bar du mdza’ ba dang/


/’od srung byang chub sems dpa’ ni ming tsam gyis byang chub sems dpa’ zhes mi bya’o/ /’od srung byang chub sems dpa’ chos spyod pa dang/ snyoms parspyodpadang/dgebaspyodpadang/choslagnas pa dang ldan pa la byang chub sems dpa’zhes bya’o/ /’od srung gzhan yang byang chub sems dpa’ chos sum cu rtsa gnyis dang ldan na byang chub sems dpa’ zhes bya ste/ sum cu rtsa gnyis gang zhe na/ ’di lta ste/ sems can thams cad la phan pa dang/ bde bar bya ba’i lhag pa’i bsam pa dang/ thams cad mkhyen pa’i ye shes la ’dzud pa dang / bdag ci re zhes yongs su ’jal zhing gzhan gyi shes pa la mi smod pa dang/ nga rgyal med pa dang/ lhag pa’i bsam pa brtan pa dang/ bcos ma ma yin pa’i byams pa dang/ mdza’ ba54 dang mi mdza’ ba55 la sems snyoms pa dang / mya ngan las ’das pa’i mtha’i bar du gtan du mdza’ba dang/ 49. ba’o KH 50. pa’i Go V 51. om. dam pa KH 52. gang dag written in red ink KH 53. dam chos tshul ’di yi KH 54. ’dza’ ba V 55. ’dza’ ba V 219


[§24] [PT 676, 1b5] snga nas mdzum ba’I bzhin gyIs smra ba’I tshig gi tshod ’dzInd pa dang:/ khru blangs la myI [1b6] nur ba dang/ sems can thams chad la snyIng rje chen po rgyun myI gchod pa dang/ yid yongsu myI skyo ba dang dam pa’I chos tshol ba las brtsam ste/ thos pa’I don gyis cho[g] [myi] shes pa dang/ bdag gIs ’khruld pa la nyes par mthong ba dang/ [...] /tshig ran cing ’dzum pa’i bzhin gyis gsong por smra ba dang/ khur blangs pa rnams la sgyid lug pa med pa dang/ sems can thams cad la snying rje chen po yongs su ma bcad pa dang/ yid yongs su mi skyo ba dang/ dam pa’i chos yongs su tshol ba’i phyir thos pa dang/ don gyis ngoms mi myong ba dang/ bdag gi ’khrul pa rnams la skyon du lta zhing {gzhan gyi ’khrul pa rnams la mi gshe bar bsgo ba dang/ spyodlamthamscaddubyangchubkyisemsyongssu sbyong ba dang/ rnam par smin pa la mi re ba’i gtong ba dang/ srid pa’i ’gro bar skye ba thams cad la mi gnas pa’i tshul khrims dang/ sems can thams cad la zhes ’gras pa med pa’i bzod pa dang/} [§25–§46] <<missing>> [§47]


[IOL Tib J 56, 1a1] $ /:/ thams chad mtshungs par sbyar bar ’gyur ro/


{’od srung ’di lta ste/ dper na sum cu rtsa gsum pa’i lha ’dres pa’i tshal du zhugs pa rnams kyi longs spyod dang yongs su spyad56 pa rnams ni mtshungs par gnas so/ /’od srung de bzhin du byang chub sems dpa’57 bsam pa dag pa’i sbyor ba yang sems can thams cad kyi bya ba} thams cad la mtshungs par ’gyur ro/ {/de la ’di skad ces bya ste /dper na ’dres pa’i tshal gnas lha rnams kyi/ /longs spyod rnams ni mtshungs par gnas pa yin/ /de bzhin bsad58 dag byang chub sems dpa’yang/ /sems can rnams la rtag tu legs par sbyor/ /}


[§48] [IOL Tib J 56, 1a1]/’od srung ’dI lta ste sngags dang mand ’chang ba dug gyIs myi tshugs so/ ’od srung de bzhIn du shes rab dang thabs mkhas pa’i sman ’chang ba’i byang chub sems dpa’ la nyon mongs pa’I dug gyis myI chugs so/ /


/’od srung ’di lta ste dper na sngags dang sman gyis yongs su zin pa’i dug gis59 ni60 ’chi bar byed mi nus so/ /’od srung de bzhin du ye shes dang thabs mkhas pas yongs su zin pa’i byang chub sems dpa’ni61 nyon mongs pa’i dug gis kyang log par ltung bar byed mi nus so/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste/ |dper na sngags kyis yongs su zin pa’i dug| |skye bo rnams la nyes pa byed mi nus| |de bzhin byang chub sems dpa’i62 ye shes can| |nyon mongs rnams kyis log ltung byed mi nus|| 56. spyod KH 57. pa’i KH 58. bsam Go KH V 59. gi V 60. om. ni V 61. pa’i Go KH V 62. pa’ KH 220


[§49] [IOLTib J 56, 1a2] ’od srung ’dI lta ste grong kyer chen po lud de ni bu ram gyI zhing dang dgun ’bru’I shing la phan bar ’gyur ro/ /’od srung de bzhin du gang byang chub sems dpa’i nyon mongs pa de thams cad mkhyend pa la phan bar ’gyur ro/ ’od srung ’di lta ste dper na grong khyer chen po rnams kyi lud gang yin pa de ni bu ram shing gi zhing dag dang/ rgun63 gyi zhing dag la phan par gyur pa yin no/ /’od srung de bzhin du byang chub sems dpa’i nyon mongs pa’i lud gang yin pa de yang thams cad mkhyen pa nyid la phan par gyur pa yin no/ /de la ’di skad ces bya ste |dper na grong khyer rnams kyi mi gtsang lud| |de ni bu ram shing gi zhing la phan| |de bzhin byang chub sems dpa’i64 nyon mongs lud| |de ni rgyal ba’i chos la phan par byed|


[§50] /’od srung ’dI sta ste/ mda’’phen ma bslabs [IOL Tib J 56,1a3] par mtson ’chang ba de bzhin du ’od srung ? nyung du thos pa’I byang chub sems dpa’I chos gyi don shes pa dang dpyod pa la lto shig/ /’od srung ’di lta ste/ /dper na ’phong65 rtsal ma bslabs pa las mtshon thabs slob pa de bzhin du byang chub sems dpa’ thos pa nyung ba las dam pa’i chos rab tu rnam par ’byed pa dang/ dpyod pa dang/ don ’dzin pa’i shes par blta’o/


[§51] /’od srung ’dI lta ste ma btsos pa’I snod la rdza mkhan gyis mye cher gtang [IOL Tib J 56, 1a4] du myi bzod pa de bzhin du ’od srung byas ba’I shes rab can gyi sems can la byang chub sems 〇 dpa’I: sangs: rgyas: gyi chos chen po tshe ye shes gyi myi chen po gtang bar blta’o/ /’od srung ’di lta ste/ /dper na so ma btang ba’i snod rnams la ni rdza mkhan gyis me chen po btang dgos so66 / /’od srung de bzhin du shes rab ma smin pa’i sems can rnams la yang byang chub sems dpas sangs rgyas kyi67 chos kyi me chen po btang dgos par blta’o/


[§52] /de bas na ’od srung dkon mchog [IOL Tib J 56,1a5] brtseg pa’I chos gyI gzhung slob bar ’dod pa’I byang chub sems dpa’s yang dag pa’I chos la brtson bar bya’o / /’di lta ste ’od srung byang chub sems dpa’ yang dag par chos sbyor ba gang zhe na/ ’dI sta ste chos rnams la/ dbu ma’I nan tan du yang [IOL Tib J 56,1a6] dag par so sor rtog pha’o/ /’od srung chos rnams la/ dbuma’Inantanrnamsla/duyangdagparsosorrtog pha gang zhe na/ /gang bdag myed par so sor rtog pa dang / sems can myed pa dang/ srog myed pa dang/ gso ba myed pa dang skyes bu myed pa dang/ / [IOLTib J 56, 1b1] gang zag myed pa dang/ shes can myed pa dang/ shes bdag myed par so sor rtog pa ste/ ’od srung ’dI ni chos rnams la dbu ma’I nan tan du yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o /


/’od srung de lta bas na68 byang chub sems dpa’dkon mchog brtsegs pa chen po’i chos kyi rnam grangs ’di la slob par ’dod pas tshul bzhin du chos la rab tu sbyar bar bya’o/ /’od srung de la byang chub sems dpa’i tshulbzhinduchoslarabtusbyorbagangzhena//’di lta ste dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa’o/ /’od srung dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa gang zhe na/ /’od srung gang la bdag med par so sor rtog pa dang/ /sems can med pa dang/ /srog med pa dang/ /gso ba med pa dang/ skyes bu med pa dang/ /gang zag med pa dang/ shed las skyes med pa dang/ shed bu med par so sor69 rtog pa ste/ ’od srung ’di ni dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o/


[§53] /’od srung gzhan yang chos rnams la/ bdbu ma’I nan tan du yang dag par so sor rtog pa nI gang [IOL Tib J 56, 1b2] gzugs la rtag par yang myI rtog /myI rtag par yang myI rtog pa’o/ /de bzhin du tshor ba dang ’du: shes dang/ ’du byed dpa rnam par shes pa la/ rtag par yang myi rtog /myi rtag par yang myI rtag par yang myI rtog pa ste/ ’od srung ’dI ni/ chos rnams la dbu ma’I nan tan du yang dag par so sor [IOL Tib J 56,1b3] rtog pa zhes bya’o/ /’od srung gzhan yang dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa ni gang gzugs la rtag par yang so sor mi rtog/ mi rtag par yang so sor mi rtog pa dang70/ ’od srung de bzhin du tshor ba dang/ ’du shes dang/ ’du byed dang/ /rnam par shes pa la gang rtag par yang so sor mi rtog/ mi rtag par yang so sor mi rtog pa ste/ ’od srung ’di71 ni dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o/


63. rgun ’brum V 64. dpa’ KH 65. ’phong Go KH V 66. snyoms so KH 67. kyis V 68. de bzhin du Go 69. om. so sor V 70. om. mi rtag par yang so sor mi rtog pa dang Go 71. ’od Go 221


[§54] /’od srung gzhan yang chos rnams la dbu ma’I nan tan du so sor rtog pa ni/ gang sa’I khamsla 〇 rtag par yang myI rtog/ myi rt[o]g par gyang myI rtog pha de bzhIn du/ gang chu’I khams dang/ mye’I khams dang/ rlung gI khams dang/ nam ka’I [IOL Tib J 56, 1b4] khams dang/ rnam par shes pa’I khams la/ rtag par gyang myI rtog / myI rtag par gyang myI rtog pa de ni ’od srung chos rnams la dbu ma’I nan tan du yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o / ’od srung gzhan yang dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa ni gang sa’i khams la rtag par yang so sor mi rtog/ mi rtag par yang so sor mi rtog pa dang/ de bzhin du chu’i khams dang/ me’i khams dang/ rlung gi khams dang/ nam mkha’i khams dang/ rnam par shes pa’i khams la rtag par yang so sor mi rtog/ mi rtag par yang so sor mi rtog pa ste/ ’od srung ’di ni dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o/


[§55] /’od srung gzhan yang chos rnams la dbu ma’I [IOL Tib J 56,1b5] nan tan du yang dag par so sor rtog pa nI/ gang myi gI ’du mched la/ rtag par gyang myI rtog/ /myi rtag *par* gang myI rtog pa de bzhIn du/ rna ba/ snadang/lcedang/lusdang/yIdkyi’dumchedrnams la/rtagpar*yang*/myIrtogpadeni//’odsrung [IOLTib J 56, 1b6] chos rnams la/ dbu ma’I nan tan du/ yang dag phar so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o / /’od srung gzhan yang dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtogs pa ni gang mig gi skye mched la rtag par yang so sor mi rtog/ mi rtag par yang so sor mi rtog pa dang/ de bzhin du rna ba dang/ sna dang/ lce dang/ lus dang/ yid kyi skye mched rnamslartagparyangsosormirtog/mirtogparyang so sor mi rtog pa ste/ ’od srung ’di ni dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o72/


[§56] [IOL Tib J 56, 1b6] /’od srung rtag ches pa de ni/ mtha’ gchIg go/ /myI rtag ches pa de ni mtha’ gnyis so/ /gangmtha’gnyIskyidbumanidegzugsmyedbstan dumyed/thogspamyedgnaspamyed/snang [IOLTib J 56, end] [IOL Tib J 55, 15.1] $/: / de: gzugs myed bstan du myed/ rten: pa: myed: snang: ba myed:/ rnam: par: rigs: pa myed:/ gnas: pa: myed: pa: de: ni: ’od: srung: dbu: ma’i: sgrub: pa: chos: rnams: la: yang: dag: par: so sor: rtog: pa: zhes: bya’o/ /’od srung rtag73 ces bya ba ’di ni mtha’ gcig go/ /mi rtag ces bya ba ’di ni mtha’gnyis so/ /mtha’de gnyis kyi dbus gang yin pa de ni dpyad du med pa/ /bstan du med pa/ rten ma yin pa/ /snang ba med pa/ rnam par rig pa med pa/ gnas med pa74 ste/ ’od srung ’di ni dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o/


[§57] [IOLTib J 55, 15.1]/’od: srung: bdag: ces: pa: nI/ [IOLTib J 55, 15.2] mtha’: gcig go/ /bdag myed: ces: pa: de: ni/ mtha’: gnyis: so/ /bdag: dang: / bdag: ces: pa’I: mtha’: ’dI: gnyis: kyI’: dbu: ma: de: ni: gzugs: myed: bstand: du: myed: thogs: pa: myed: rtend: myed/ /snang: ba: myed: rnams: par rig: pa: myed/ [15.3] mtshan: ma: myed:pa:ste//de:nI:’od:srung:dbu:ma’i:sgrub:pa: chos: rnams: la: yang: dag: par:/ 〇 so: sor: rtog: zhes: bya’o/ /’od srung bdag ces bya ba de ni mtha’gcig go/ /bdag med ces bya ba de ni mtha’gnyis so/ /mtha’de gnyis kyi dbus gang yin pa de ni dpyad du med pa/ bstan du med pa/ rten ma yin pa/ /snang ba med pa/ rnam par rig pa med pa/ gnas med pa75 ste/ ’od srung ’di ni dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o/ [§58] /’od: srung: sems:/ yang: dag: pa: zhes: pa: de: ni: mtha’: gcig: go/ /sems: yang: dag: pa: ma: yin: zhes: pa:/ / [15.4] de: ni: mtha’: gnyis: so/ /’od: srung: gang: na: sems: myed: pa: dang:/ sems: pa: myed: pa: dang/ yid: myed: pa: dang/ rnam: par [---]: par: shes: pa: myed/ pa: dang // de: ni: ’od: srung: dbu: ma’i: sgrub: pa: chos: rnams: la: yang: dag: par: so: sor/ [15.5] ? rtog: pa: zhes: bya’o/


/’od srung sems yang dag pa zhes bya ba ’di ni mtha’ gciggo/semsyangdagpamayinpazhesbyabadeni mtha’gnyis so/ /’od srung gang na sems med pa dang/ sems pa med pa dang/ yid med pa dang/ rnam par shes pamedpa’dini’odsrungdbuma’ilamchosrnamsla yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o/ 72. bya Go 73. rtog KH 74. om. gnas med pa KH 75. om. gnas med pa KH 222 [§59] /de: bzhin: du chos: thams: chad: dge: ba: dang: myi: dge: ba: rnams: dang: ’jig: rten: gyi: dang/ ’[…]s: ’da’s: pa: rnams: dang:/ kha: na: ma: tho: ba: dang: kha: na: ma: tho: ba: myed: pa: rnams: dang/ zag: par// [15.6] bcas: pa: dang/ /zag par myed: pa: rnams: dang: ’dus: byas: dang/ ’dus: ma: byas: rnams: so/ /’od: srung: kun: du […] [-]s: pa: zhes: pa ni: mtha’: gcig: go/ /rnam: par: dka’r: zhes: pa: ni/ mtha’: gnyis: so// [16.1] gang: mtha: gnyis kas:/ myI: len: cing:/ myI rjed: myi: smra/ de: nI: ’od: srung: dbu: ma’i: sgrub:pa:chos:rnams:la:yang:dag:par:[…][--][--] pa: zhes: bya’o/ dge ba dang/ mi dge ba rnams dang/ ’jig rten pa dang/ ’jig rten las ’das pa rnams dang/ kha na ma tho ba dang bcas pa dang/ kha na ma tho ba med pa rnams dang/ zag pa dang bcas pa dang/ zag pa med pa rnams dang76/ ’dus byas dang/ ’dus ma byas kyi chos thams cad kyang de bzhin no/ /’od srung kun nas nyon mongs pa zhes bya ba de ni mtha’ gcig go/ rnam par byang ba zhes bya ba de ni mtha’gnyis so/ /mtha’de gnyis khas mi len cing mi rjod77 mi smra ba gang yin pa de ni/ ’od srung dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o/


[§60] ’od: srung: yod: ces: pa *de*: nI: mtha’: gcig: go/ /myed: ces: pa: de: ni mtha’: gnyis: so/ [16.2] gang: mtha: ’dI: gnyIs: kyi: dbu: ma: de: nI: gzugs: myed: bstan: du: myed:/ thogs: pa: myed: rten: myed:/ snang: ba: myed: rnam: par: rIg: pa: myed:/ gnas: pa: myed: pa: ste:/ de: ni: ’od: srung: dbu: ma’i: sgrub: pa: chos: rnams: la: yang: par: so: sor: rtog/ [16.3] pa: zhes: bya’o/ ’od: srung: ’kor: ba: zhes: pa: de: ni: mtha’: gcig: go/ /mya: ngan: las: ’da 〇’: ba: zhes: pa: de: ni: mtha’: gnyis: so/ /gang: mtha’: de: gnyis: kyi: dbu: ma: ni: gzugs: myed: bstan: du: myed: rtog: pa: myed/ pa: sti: / [16.4] ’od: srung: de: ne: dbu: ma’i: sgrub: pa: chos: rnams: la: yang: dag: par: so: sor: rtog: pa: zhes: bya’o/


’od srung yod ces bya ba de ni mtha’gcig go/ med ces bya ba de ni mtha’ gnyis so/ /de gnyis kyi dbus gang yin pa de ni dpyad du med pa/ /bstan du med pa/ /rten ma yin pa/ /snang ba med pa/ /rnam par rig pa med pa/ /gnas med pa ste/ ’od srung ’di ni dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa78 zhes bya’o/ /’od srung ’khor ba zhes bya ba de ni mtha’ gcig go/ mya nganlas79 ’daspazhesbyabadenimtha’gnyisso//de gnyis kyi dbus gang yin pa de ni dpyad du med pa/ /bstan du med pa/ rten ma yin pa/ snang ba med pa/ rnamparrigpamedpa/gnasmedpaste/’odsrung’di nidbuma’ilamchosrnamslayangdagparsosorrtog pa80 zhes bya’o/ [§61] /yang: ’od: srung: khyod: la: gang: bstan: pa: ma; rig: pa’i: rkyen: gyis: ’du: byed/ ’du: byed: gyi: rken: gyis:/ rnam: par: shes/ [IOL Tib J 55 16.5] pa:/ rnam: par: shes: pa’I: rkyen: gyis/ mying: dang: gzugs:/ mying: dang: gzugs: gyis: drug: gI: ’dum: mched:/ drug: gI: ’dum: ched: rkyen: gyis: reg: pa:/ reg: pa’i: rkyen: gyis:/ tshor: ba tshor: ba’i: rkyen: gyis:/ /snred: pa: snred: pa’i: rkyen/ [16.6] [-]i s[-]: len: pa: le[n] pa’i: rkyen: gyis: ’byung: ba/ ’byung: ba’i: rkyen: gyis: skye: skye: ba’i: rkyen: gyis: rga: shI: dang: slos: pa’i: mya: ngan: dang: smre: sngags: ’don/ sdugs: bsngal: ba: dang: yid: myi: bde: ba: dang: ’khrug: pa’i: rnams:/ [IOLTib J 55 end] PT673,1a1 /:/ ’byung pa ste / de lta: bu’i sdug: bsngal: gyi: phung: po: chen: po: ’ba: shig: ’byung: bar ’gyuro:/


’od srung gang yang ngas khyed81 rnams la ma rig pa’i rkyen gyis ’du byed rnams/ /’du byed82 kyi rkyen gyis rnam par shes pa/ rnam par shes pa’i rkyen gyis ming dang gzugs/ ming dang gzugs kyi rkyen gyis skye mched drug /skye mched drug gi rkyen gyis reg pa dang83/ /reg pa’i rkyen gyis tsor ba/ tshor ba’i rkyen gyissredpa/sredpa’irkyengyislenpa/lenpa’irkyen gyis srid pa/ srid pa’i rkyen gyis skye ba/ /skye ba’i rkyen gyis rga shi dang/ mya ngan dang/ smre sngags ’don pa dang/ sdug bsngal pa dang/ yid mi bde ba dang/ ’khrug pa rnams ’byung ste/ de ltar sdug bsngal gyi phung po chen po ’ba’ shig po ’di ’byung bar ’gyur ro/ 76. dang Go KH 77. brjod KH V 78. yang dag par so sor rtog pa] Go V; so sor yang dag par rig pa KH 79. om. las V 80. yang dag par so sor rtog pa Go V; so sor yang dag par rtog pa KH 81. khyod KH 82. ’du byed] Go V; ’du byed rnams KH 83. om. dang Go KH V 223


[§62] ma: rig: pa: ’gags: na ’du: byed: ’gag:/ /’du: byed: ’gags: na: rnam: par: she [-]: pa: ’ga [-] /rnam: par: shegs: pa: ’gags: na: mying dang: gzug*s*/ [PT 673,1a2] ’gag /mying: dang: gzugs: *bgegs*: na: drug: gi: ’dum: mched: ’gag/ drug: gi: ’dum mched: ’gags na: reg: pa: ’gag / reg: pa ’ga*g*s: na: ’tshor: ba: ’gags/ tshor: ba: ’gags: na: snred: pa: ’gag/ /snred: pa: ’gags: na/ [PT 673, 1a3] len: pa: ’gag/ len: pa: ’gags: na: byung: ba: ’gag/ ’byung: ba: ’gags: na: skye ba: ’gag:/ skye: ba: ’gags: na: rga: shi: dang: slos: pa’i mya: ngan: dang / smre: sngags: ’don: pa: dang / sdug: bsngal: dang: yid: myi/ [PT 6731a4] de: ba: dang:/ ’khrug: pa: ’ga•g*s: ste/ /de: ltar: de: sdug: bsngal: chen po’i: phung: po: ’ba: shig: ’gag: par: ’gyur: ro/ /de: la: ’od: srung: rig: pa: dang / ma: rIg: pa: de: dag gnyis ma: yin: te/ gnyisu: myi: byed: pa: gang/ [PT 673,1a5] de: la: shes: pa: de: ni: ’od: srung: dbu’ma’I: sgrub: pa: chos: rnams: la: yang: dag: par: so: sor: rtog: pa: zhes: bya’o / /de: bzhin: du: ’du byed: dang:/ ’du byed: ’gog: pa dang:/ rnam: par[: shes:] pa: dang:/ rnam: par: shes: pa: ’gog:/ [PT 673, 1a6] pa: dang/ mying: dang: gzugs: dang: / mying: dang: gzugs: ’gog: pa: dang:/ /drug: gi: ’dum: mched: dang: drag: gi mdum: mched: ’gog: pa: dang/ /reg [---] reg: pa [---] : pa: dang / ’tshor: ba: dang tshor: ba: ’gog/ [PT 673,1b1] pa: dang/ /snred: pa: dang:snred:pa:’gog:pa:dang//len:pa:dang:len:pa: ’gog: pa: dang/ ’byung ba: dang: ’byung: ba: ’gog: pa: dang/ skye: ba: dang: skye: ba: ’gog: pa: dang [---] : dang: [---] gog: pa: de: dag: dgnyis: ma: yin: te: [PT

673,1b2] gnyisu: myi: byed: pa/ ’od: srung: gang: de: la/ shes: pa: de ni dbu: ma’i sgrub: pa: chos: rnams: la: yang: dag: par: so: sor: rtog: pa: zhes: bya’o/ ma rig pa ’gags pas ’du byed ’gag/ ’du byed ’gags pas rnam par shes pa ’gag/ rnam par shes pa ’gags pas ming dang gzugs ’gag /ming dang gzugs ’gags pas skye mched drug ’gag /skye mched drug ’gags pas reg pa ’gag /reg pa ’gags pas tshor ba ’gag /tshor ba ’gags pas sred pa ’gag /sred pa ’gags pas len pa ’gag /len pa ’gags pas srid pa ’gag /srid pa ’gags pas skye ba ’gag /skye ba ’gags pas rga shi dang/ mya ngan dang/ smre sngags ’don pa dang/ sdug bsngal ba dang/ yid mi bde ba dang/ ’khrug pa rnams ’gag ste84/ de ltar sdug bsngalgyiphungpochenpo’ba’shigpo85 ’di’gagpar ’gyur ro/ /zhes bstan pa de la ’od srung rig pa dang ma rig pa de dag gnyis ma yin zhing rnam pa gnyis su dbyer med de86/ /’od srung ’di la shes pa gang yin pa de ni dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o/ /de bzhin du ’du byed rnams dang/ ’dus ma byas dang/ rnam par shes pa dang/ rnam par shes pa ’gag pa dang/ ming dang/ gzugs dang/ ming dang gzugs ’gag pa dang/ skye mched drug dang/ /skye mched drug ’gag pa dang/ reg pa dang/ /reg pa ’gag pa dang/ tshor ba dang/ /tshor ba ’gag pa dang/ sredpadang/sredpa’gagpadang/lenpadang/lenpa ’gag pa dang/ srid pa dang/ /srid pa ’gag pa dang/ skye ba dang/ skye ba ’gag pa dang/ rga shi dang/ rga shi ’gag pa de dag gnyis ma yin zhing rnam pa gnyis su dbyer med de/ /’od srung ’di la shes pa gang yin pa de ni87 dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o ||


84. te KH 85. om. chen po ’ba’ shig po Go 86. do V 87. om. ni KH 224 [§63] /’od: srung: gzhan: yang dbu: ma’i: sgrub: pa: chos: rnams: la: yang: dag: par so [PT 673, 1b3] sor: rtog: pa: ni: / /gang: stong {{ }} nyid: gyis: chos: rnams: stong: pa: myI: byede:/ chos: 〇 nyid stong: pa’o / /gang mtshan: ma: myed: pas:/ chos: rnams mtshan ma: myed: par myi byed: de/ /chos: nyid: mtshan: ma: myed pa’o // [1b4] gang: smon: pa: myed: pas: chos: rnams: smon: par: myi: byed: de/ /chos: nyid: smon: pa: myed: pa’I ga[ng] [m]ngon: bar: ’du: myi: byed: pas chos: rnams mngon: bar: ’du: myi: byed: par: byas: pa: ma: yin: te/ /chos: nyid mngon: bar: ’du: myi// [1b5] byed: pa’o / /gang: ma: skyes: pas: chos: rnams: myi: skye: bar: myi: byed: de /chos: nyid myi skye: ba’o/ /gang: ma: ’byung: bas:/ chos: rnams: ma: ’byung: bar: myi: byed: de/ chos: nyid ma: ’byung: ba’o / /gang: gzung: ba: myed: / [1b6] pas chos: rnams gzung: ba myed: par myi: byed: de/ chos: nyid: gzung: ba: myed: pa’o/ /gang: ngo: bo: nyid: myed: pas chos: rnams: ngo: bo: nyid: myed: par: myI: byed: de/ /chos: nyid: ngo: bo myed pa’o/ gang: de: ltar: so sor: rtog: pa:/ [...] ’od srung gzhan yang dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa ni gang stong pa nyid kyis chos rnams stong par mi byed de/ /chos rnams nyid stong pa dang/ gang mtshan ma med pas chos rnams mtshan ma med par mi byed de chos rnams nyid mtshan ma med pa dang/ /gang smon pa med pas chos rnams smon par mi byed de chos rnams nyid smon pa med pa dang/ gang mngon par ’du byed pa88 med pas chos rnams mngon par ’du byed pa med par mi byed de/ /chos rnams nyid mngon par ’du mi byed pa dang/ gang ma skyes pas chos rnams ma skyes par mi byed de/ chos rnams nyid ma skyes pa dang/ gang ma byungbaschosrnamsmabyungbarmibyedde//chos rnams nyid ma byung ba dang/ gang ngo bo nyid med paschosrnamsngobonyidmedparmibyedde//chos rnams nyid ngo bo nyid med par gang dag de ltar so sor rtog pa {de ni ’od srung dbu ma’i lam chos rnams la yang dag par so sor rtog pa zhes bya’o/} §64–§97 <<missing>>


88. mngon par ’du byed pa] Go V; mtshan mar ’du byed pa KH 225 Table 1. Kāśyapaparivarta Dunhuang Tibetan Manuscript Concordance Table Steäl-Holstein § Dunhuang D Go KH V § §00 IOL Tib J 153, 1a1 119b2 40a3 77b3 184a8 §00 §01 IOL Tib J 153, 1a5 119b4 40a8 77b6 184b4 §01 §02 IOL Tib J 153, 1b1 120a1 40b3 78a4 185a2 §02 §03 IOL Tib J 153, 1b5 120a6 40b10 78b2 185b1 §03 §04–§08 <<missing>> ————— ——— ——— ——— §04-§08 §09 IOL Tib J 55, 14.1 122b3-6 43a2 81a4 188a8 §09 §10 IOL Tib J 55, 14.1 122b6-123a4 43a6 81b2 188b7 §10 §11 IOL Tib J 55, 14.5-6 123a4 43b2 81b8 189a6 §11 §11 IOL Tib J 55, 13.1-2 §11 §12 IOL Tib J 55, 13.2-4 123b2 43b9 82a6 189b5 §12 §13 IOL Tib J 55, 13.4-6 123b5 44a3 82b3 190a1 §13 §14 PT 671, 2b3 124a2 44a10 82b8 190a8 §14 §15–§18 <<missing>> ————— ——— ——— ——— §15-§18 §19 PT 676, 1a1 125a6 45b3 84a7 192a2 §19 §20 PT 676, 1a1 125b3 45b8 84b4 192a8 §20 §21 PT 676, 1a3 125b6 46a2 84b8 192b4 §21 §22 PT 676, 1a5 126a1 46a5 85a4 192b8 §22 §23 PT 676, 1b2 126a5 46a9 85a8 193a5 §23 §24 PT 676, 1b5 126b2 46b3 85b4 193b2 §24 §25–§46 <<missing>> ————— ——— ——— ——— §25-§46 §47 IOL Tib J 56, 1a1 129b7 49b6 89b7 198a1 §47 §48 IOL Tib J 56, 1a1 130a2 49b9 90a2 198a4 §48 §49 IOL Tib J 56, 1a2 130a4 50a1 90a4 198a6 §49 §50 IOL Tib J 56, 1a2 130a6 50a3 90a6 198b1 §50 §51 IOL Tib J 56, 1a3 130a6 50a4 90a8 198b2 §51 §52 IOL Tib J 56, 1a4 130a7 50a5 90b1 198b4 §52 §53 IOL Tib J 56, 1b2 130b3 50a8 90b4 198b7 §53 §54 IOL Tib J 56, 1b3 130b5 50a10 90b6 199a2 §54 §55 IOL Tib J 56, 1b4 130b7 50b2 91a1 199a4 §55 §56 IOL Tib J 55, 15.1 131a1 50b4 91a3 199a6 §56 §57 IOL Tib J 55, 15.1 131a2 50b5 91a4 199a8 §57 §58 IOL Tib J 55, 15.3 131a4 50b7 91a6 199b2 §58 §59 IOL Tib J 55, 15.5-6 131a5 50b8 91a7 199b3 §59 §60 IOL Tib J 55, 16.1 131a7 50b10 91b2 199b6 §60 §61 IOL Tib J 55, 16.4/ PT 673, 1a1 131b3 51a3 91b5 200a2 §61 §62 PT 673, 1a1-6 PT 673, 1b1-3 131b5 51a6 91b8 200a5 §62 §63 PT 673, 1b3-6 132a4 51b2 92a8 200b5 §63 §64–§97 <<missing>> ————— ——— ——— ——— §64-§97 226


Table 2. Old Tibetan Kāśyapaparivarta Terminology and Phrase Comparison (Sections §00–§63)


Old Tibetan Kanjur Tibetan Sanskrit Section Manuscript kun: ’bri: ba: yongs su nyam pa pārihāṇa §01 IOL Tib J 153 kund ’dzInd pa yongs su ’dzin pa parigraha §21 PT 676 khems: pa dmu rgod khaḍuṃka §09 IOL Tib J 55 dgun 'bru'I shing rgun gyi zhing mṛdvīkākṣetra §49 IOL Tib J 56 sgrub: pa’I: phyir: brtson: ’grus: pa’o yang dag par sdud pa’i brtson ’grus te samudānanāya §19 PT 676 bsgrIbs pa myed pa'I ye shes khong du chud par 'gyur sgrib pa med pa'i ye shes thob par 'gyur ba anāvaraṇajñānatāye saṃvartaṃte §22 PT 676 ’gyod: par: byed: pa ’gyod pa nye bar sgrub pa Sanskrit text missing §03 IOL Tib J 153 nga rgyal: mngon pa’i nga rgyal ābhimānika §01 IOL Tib J 153 nga: ’dzin: pa nga rgyal ’dzin pa mānagrāhin §09 IOL Tib J 55 sngags: dang:/ spobs: pa: sna: tshogs: gsang tshig sna tshogs kyi spobs pa can vicitramantrapratibhāṇaḥ §13 IOL Tib J 55 ngan pa’i tshul khrIms can tshul khrims ’chal pa duḥśīla §20 PT 676 chung du na mdza ba tha na 'dris pa rnams antamaśaḥ §21 PT 676 chos gyI zhung chos kyi rnam grangs dharmaparyāya §52 IOL Tib J 56 chos la spyod par ldan ba’i chos la gnas pa dang ldan pa

dharma...ritābhiḥ samanvāgato §23 PT 676 ’jog: pa: yang dag par ’dzin du ’jug pa samādāpanatā §12 IOL Tib J 55 sting: stang: myed: pa: mi gus pa agaurava §01 IOL Tib J 153 the[g] [pa] [chu]ng: ngu: theg pa dman pa hīnayāna §11 IOL Tib J 55 mda’ ’phen 'phong rtsal iṣvastra §50 IOL Tib J 56 'dum: ched: skye mched āyatana §61,62 IOL Tib J 55 rnam: par: dka’r: rnam par byang ba vyavadāna §59 IOL Tib J 55 byang: cub: las: sems: nyams: pa: byang chub kyi sems brjed pa

bodhicittaṃ muhyati §03 IOL Tib J 153 bla: ma: la: nyan: par: ’gyur: pa: yin bla ma la sri zhu bya ba tshar phyin pa yin guruśuśrūṣaniryātaḥ §10 IOL Tib J 55 dbu ma'I nan tan dbu ma'i lam madhyamā pratipad §52, 53,54, 55 IOL Tib J 56 dbu: ma'i: sgrub: pa: dbu ma'i lam madhyamā pratipad §56,57, 58, 59, 60,62,63 IOL Tib J 55 ma: dge: ba’I: bshes: nyen: myI: dge ba: bshes gnyen ngan pa grogs po ngan pa kumitrāṇi kusahāyās §13 IOL Tib J 55 ma btsos pa’I snod so ma btang ba’i snod bālabhājana §51 IOL Tib J 56 mar mye sgron ma pradīpa §21 PT 676 mos: pa: zlog: pa: ’dun pa zlog pa vicchanda §01 IOL Tib J 153 myI chugs log par ltung bar byed mi nus na śakyaṃ vinipātanāya §48 IOL Tib J 56 myi nur ba sgyid lug pa med pa §24 PT 676 dman ba rnams nyam chung ba rnams durbaleṣu satveṣu §20 PT 676 sman 'chang ba yongs su zin pa parigṛhīta §48 IOL Tib J 56 gzugs myed dpyad du med arūpin §56, 57, 60 IOL Tib J 56 rI: mo: myi: byed: mi gus shing agorava §09 IOL Tib J 55 ri: mor: bcas: stI: stang: du: bcas: gus pa dang bcas shing sagauravo bhavati §10 IOL Tib J 55 slobs: dpon: ’cab: pa: slob dpon gyi dpe mkhyud ācāryamuṣṭi §01 IOL Tib J 153 227


Symbols used in the Transliteration


I reversed gi-gu M anusvāra s +ho sa with subscribed ha plus na-ro vowel sign. $ page initial sign head mgo-yig : tsheg written with two dots *abc* insertions: letter, word, or phrase written below the line abc letters crossed-out by copyist [abc]xxx scribal notation written above the line [#a#] page and line number [abc] supplements; letter illegible or disappeared, but supplied by editor […] illegible letters; number unknown [---] illegible letters; number known 〇 string hole abc Tibetan words or phrases with a dotted underline indicate a difference between Dunhuang Tibetan versions and Kanjur Tibetan versions. {abc} Indicates Vulgate Kanjur prose portions missing in the comparable Dunhuang Tibetan version.


Abbreviations and Bibliography


IDP International Dunhuang Project (http://idp.bl.uk/) IOL Indian Office Library KP Kāśyapaparivarta (Staël-Holstein, 1926) PT Pelliot Tibétain Tibetan Dunhuang Manuscripts IOL Tib J 55 IOL Tib J 56 IOL Tib J 59 IOL Tib J 152 IOL Tib J 153 Pelliot Tibétain 671 Pelliot Tibétain 672 Pelliot Tibétain 673 Pelliot Tibétain 676 Tibetan Vulgate Kanjur Editions D Derge (Sde dge) Printed Kanjur, dkon brtsegs, cha 119b1–151b7 (vol. 44). chos kyi 'byung gnas. bka’ ’gyur (sde dge par phud). TBRC W22084. 103 vols. Delhi: delhi karmapae chodhey gyalwae sungrab partun khang, 1976-1979. http://tbrc.org/link?RID=W22084 Go Gondhla Collection Proto-Kanjur, Ka 15a6-19a6 (vol. 16). Digital scans ordered from Resources for Kanjur & Tibetan Studies (https://www.istb.univie.ac.at/kanjur/xml4/xml/ [Link last accessed on 12/19/2016]). KH Kangxi Kanjur (1692–1700). Harvard-Yenching Library. Volume 55, dkon brtsegs (Part VI), ’I, 77b3-115a6. Ta Tabo Manuscript, Ki 46–49. Digital scans ordered from Resources for Kanjur & Tibetan Studies (https://www.istb.univie.ac.at/kanjur/xml4/xml/ [Link last accessed on 12/19/2016]). Ta2 Tabo Mauscript, Ka 37. Digital scans ordered from Resources for Kanjur & Tibetan Studies (https://www.istb.univie.ac.at/kanjur/xml4/xml/ [Link last accessed on 12/19/2016]). V Ulanbatar Manuscript Kanjur, dkon brtsegs, cha 184a8–225a8 (vol. 53). 228


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