Difference between revisions of "Titthāyatanasuttaṁ (Aṅg. 3.62): The Discourse about the Belief Systems"
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{{Centre|<big><big>[[Titthāyatanasuttaṁ]] (Aṅg. 3.62)<br/> | {{Centre|<big><big>[[Titthāyatanasuttaṁ]] (Aṅg. 3.62)<br/> | ||
The Discourse about the Belief Systems<br/></big></big> | The Discourse about the Belief Systems<br/></big></big> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
| − | ==The Three Belief Systems== | + | ==The Three [[Belief]] Systems== |
<poem> | <poem> | ||
| − | Tīṇimāni <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: Tīṇīmāni.}}</ref> bhikkhave titthāyatanāni, | + | Tīṇimāni <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: Tīṇīmāni.}}</ref> [[bhikkhave]] titthāyatanāni, |
| − | There are these three belief systems, monks, | + | There are these three [[belief]] systems, [[monks]], |
yāni paṇḍitehi samanuyuñjiyamānāni samanugāhiyamānāni <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: samanuggāhiyamānāni, and similarly throughout.}}</ref> samanubhāsiyamānāni | yāni paṇḍitehi samanuyuñjiyamānāni samanugāhiyamānāni <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: samanuggāhiyamānāni, and similarly throughout.}}</ref> samanubhāsiyamānāni | ||
| − | and though questioned, queried, and discussed by wise men, | + | and though questioned, queried, and discussed by [[wise]] men, |
param-pi gantvā akiriyāya saṇṭhahanti. | param-pi gantvā akiriyāya saṇṭhahanti. | ||
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Which three? | Which three? | ||
| − | Santi bhikkhave eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | + | [[Santi]] [[bhikkhave]] eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: |
| − | There are some ascetics and brahmins, monks, who are of this argument, this view: | + | There are some [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]], [[monks]], who are of this argument, this view: |
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | “Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | ||
| − | “Whatever an individual experiences, | + | “Whatever an {{Wiki|individual}} [[experiences]], |
| − | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: sabban-taṁ, and similarly throughout.}}</ref> pubbekatahetū” ti. | + | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā [[sabbaṁ]] taṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: sabban-taṁ, and similarly throughout.}}</ref> pubbekatahetū” ti. |
| − | whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to what was done in the past.” <ref>{{Nolinking|This was a belief held amongst the Jains (see MN 101). Many Buddhists today hold a similar view and believe that everything is happening only according to [[kammavipāka]], without allowing for other conditions. The Buddha will show the consequences of this view below and refute it.}}</ref> | + | whether [[pleasant]], [[painful]], or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}.” <ref>{{Nolinking|This was a belief held amongst the Jains (see MN 101). Many Buddhists today hold a similar view and believe that everything is happening only according to [[kammavipāka]], without allowing for other conditions. The Buddha will show the consequences of this view below and refute it.}}</ref> |
| − | Santi bhikkhave eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | + | [[Santi]] [[bhikkhave]] eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: |
| − | There are some ascetics and brahmins, monks, who are of this argument, this view: | + | There are some [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]], [[monks]], who are of this argument, this view: |
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | “Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | ||
| − | “Whatever an individual experiences, | + | “Whatever an {{Wiki|individual}} [[experiences]], |
| − | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ Issaranimmānahetū” ti. | + | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā [[sabbaṁ]] taṁ Issaranimmānahetū” ti. |
| − | whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to the power of God.” <ref>{{Nolinking|‘Issaranimmānahetū’ ti issaranimmānakāraṇā, issarena nimmitattā paṭisaṁvedetī ti attho. ‘Due to the power of God’ by the power of God, he experiences through the powerfulness of God, is the meaning. This belief logically applies to all who believe in a Creator God, including Christians, Muslims, and certain Hindus.}}</ref> | + | whether [[pleasant]], [[painful]], or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to the power of [[God]].” <ref>{{Nolinking|‘Issaranimmānahetū’ ti issaranimmānakāraṇā, issarena nimmitattā paṭisaṁvedetī ti attho. ‘Due to the power of God’ by the power of God, he experiences through the powerfulness of God, is the meaning. This belief logically applies to all who believe in a Creator God, including Christians, Muslims, and certain Hindus.}}</ref> |
| − | Santi bhikkhave eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | + | [[Santi]] [[bhikkhave]] eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: |
| − | There are some ascetics and brahmins, monks, who are of this argument, this view: | + | There are some [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]], [[monks]], who are of this argument, this view: |
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | “Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | ||
| − | “Whatever an individual experiences, | + | “Whatever an {{Wiki|individual}} [[experiences]], |
| − | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ ahetu-appaccayā ” ti. | + | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā [[sabbaṁ]] taṁ ahetu-appaccayā ” ti. |
| − | whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that has no cause or condition.” <ref>{{Nolinking|This would include most materialists, who do not admit moral causation.}}</ref> | + | whether [[pleasant]], [[painful]], or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that has no [[cause]] or [[condition]].” <ref>{{Nolinking|This would include most materialists, who do not admit moral causation.}}</ref> |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
===Those who Believe in what was Done in the Past=== | ===Those who Believe in what was Done in the Past=== | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
| − | Tatra bhikkhave ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | + | [[Tatra]] [[bhikkhave]] ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: |
| − | Here, monks, (as for) those ascetics and brahmins who are of this argument, this view: | + | Here, [[monks]], (as for) those [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]] who are of this argument, this view: |
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | “Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | ||
| − | “Whatever an individual experiences, | + | “Whatever an {{Wiki|individual}} [[experiences]], |
| − | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetū” ti, | + | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā [[sabbaṁ]] taṁ pubbekatahetū” ti, |
| − | whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to what was done in the past,” | + | whether [[pleasant]], [[painful]], or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to what was done in the {{Wiki|past}},” |
tyāhaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadāmi: | tyāhaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadāmi: | ||
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“Saccaṁ kira tumhe āyasmanto evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | “Saccaṁ kira tumhe āyasmanto evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | ||
| − | “Is it true that you venerables are of this argument, this view: | + | “Is it true that you [[venerables]] are of this argument, this view: |
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | “Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | ||
| − | “Whatever an individual experiences, | + | “Whatever an {{Wiki|individual}} [[experiences]], |
| − | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetū?” ti, | + | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā [[sabbaṁ]] taṁ pubbekatahetū?” ti, |
| − | whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to what was done in the past?”, | + | whether [[pleasant]], [[painful]], or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}?”, |
te ce <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: ca, here and below.}}</ref> me evaṁ puṭṭhā “āmā” ti paṭijānanti, tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: | te ce <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: ca, here and below.}}</ref> me evaṁ puṭṭhā “āmā” ti paṭijānanti, tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: | ||
and if they agree with me when questioned thus, (saying) “yes”, I say to them: <ref>{{Nolinking|Notice that the Buddha is always careful to verify another's belief before he refutes it.}}</ref> | and if they agree with me when questioned thus, (saying) “yes”, I say to them: <ref>{{Nolinking|Notice that the Buddha is always careful to verify another's belief before he refutes it.}}</ref> | ||
| − | “Tena hāyasmanto pāṇātipātino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu, | + | “Tena hāyasmanto pāṇātipātino [[bhavissanti]] [[pubbekatahetu]], |
| − | “Then, venerables, (people) will be killers of living creatures because of what was done in the past, | + | “Then, [[venerables]], ([[people]]) will be killers of living creatures because of what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}, |
| − | adinnādāyino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu, | + | adinnādāyino [[bhavissanti]] [[pubbekatahetu]], |
| − | they will be takers of what is not given because of what was done in the past, | + | they will be takers of what is not given because of what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}, |
| − | abrahmacārino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu, | + | abrahmacārino [[bhavissanti]] [[pubbekatahetu]], |
| − | they will be unchaste because of what was done in the past, | + | they will be unchaste because of what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}, |
| − | musāvādino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu, | + | musāvādino [[bhavissanti]] [[pubbekatahetu]], |
| − | they will be speakers of what is false because of what was done in the past, | + | they will be speakers of what is false because of what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}, |
| − | pisuṇavācā bhavissanti pubbekatahetu, | + | pisuṇavācā [[bhavissanti]] [[pubbekatahetu]], |
| − | they will be utterers of divisive words because of what was done in the past, | + | they will be utterers of divisive words because of what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}, |
| − | pharusavācā bhavissanti pubbekatahetu, | + | pharusavācā [[bhavissanti]] [[pubbekatahetu]], |
| − | they will be utterers of harsh words because of what was done in the past, | + | they will be utterers of harsh words because of what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}, |
| − | samphappalāpino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu, | + | samphappalāpino [[bhavissanti]] [[pubbekatahetu]], |
| − | they will be frivolous talkers because of what was done in the past, | + | they will be frivolous talkers because of what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}, |
| − | abhijjhāluno bhavissanti pubbekatahetu, | + | abhijjhāluno [[bhavissanti]] [[pubbekatahetu]], |
| − | they will be avaracious because of what was done in the past, | + | they will be avaracious because of what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}, |
| − | vyāpannacittā bhavissanti pubbekatahetu, | + | vyāpannacittā [[bhavissanti]] [[pubbekatahetu]], |
| − | they will be malevolent because of what was done in the past, | + | they will be [[malevolent]] because of what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}, |
| − | micchādiṭṭhikā bhavissanti pubbekatahetu. <ref>{{Nolinking|These are the ten paths of [[unwholesome actions]] ([[dasākusalakammapathā]]).}}</ref> | + | micchādiṭṭhikā [[bhavissanti]] [[pubbekatahetu]]. <ref>{{Nolinking|These are the ten paths of [[unwholesome actions]] ([[dasākusalakammapathā]]).}}</ref> |
| − | they will hold to wrong views because of what was done in the past. | + | they will hold to [[wrong views]] because of what was done in the {{Wiki|past}}. |
| − | Pubbekataṁ kho pana bhikkhave sārato paccāgacchataṁ | + | Pubbekataṁ kho pana [[bhikkhave]] sārato paccāgacchataṁ |
| − | But, monks, for he who holds what was done in the past as the essential thing, | + | But, [[monks]], for he who holds what was done in the {{Wiki|past}} as the [[essential]] thing, |
na hoti chando vā vāyāmo vā: “idaṁ vā karaṇīyaṁ idaṁ vā akaraṇīyan”-ti, | na hoti chando vā vāyāmo vā: “idaṁ vā karaṇīyaṁ idaṁ vā akaraṇīyan”-ti, | ||
| − | there is no desire nor effort (thinking): “this should be done, or this should not be done”, | + | there is no [[desire]] nor [[effort]] ([[thinking]]): “this should be done, or this should not be done”, |
iti karaṇīyākaraṇīye kho pana saccato thetato anupalabbhiyamāne, | iti karaṇīyākaraṇīye kho pana saccato thetato anupalabbhiyamāne, | ||
| − | but there being no truth or trust in what should be done or what should not be done, | + | but there being no [[truth]] or [[trust]] in what should be done or what should not be done, |
muṭṭhassatīnaṁ anārakkhānaṁ viharataṁ, | muṭṭhassatīnaṁ anārakkhānaṁ viharataṁ, | ||
| − | he lives without mindfulness, <ref>{{Nolinking|Lit: having lost his [[mindfulness]].}}</ref> without protection, <ref>{{Nolinking|‘Anārakkhānaṁ viharatan’-ti chasu dvāresu nirārakkhānaṁ viharantānaṁ, ‘he lives without protection’, he lives without protection of the six doors (of sense).}}</ref> | + | he [[lives]] without [[mindfulness]], <ref>{{Nolinking|Lit: having lost his [[mindfulness]].}}</ref> without [[protection]], <ref>{{Nolinking|‘Anārakkhānaṁ viharatan’-ti chasu dvāresu nirārakkhānaṁ viharantānaṁ, ‘he lives without protection’, he lives without protection of the six doors (of sense).}}</ref> |
na hoti paccattaṁ sahadhammiko samaṇavādo. | na hoti paccattaṁ sahadhammiko samaṇavādo. | ||
| − | and that individual cannot reasonably be called an ascetic. <ref>{{Nolinking|[[Samaṇa]] is derived from the root √sam, to exert (oneself), to strive, but one holding this view (or any of the others mentioned below) doesn't have any reason to strive at all, and therefore cannot reasonably be called an [[ascetic]].}}</ref> | + | and that {{Wiki|individual}} cannot reasonably be called an [[ascetic]]. <ref>{{Nolinking|[[Samaṇa]] is derived from the root √sam, to exert (oneself), to strive, but one holding this view (or any of the others mentioned below) doesn't have any reason to strive at all, and therefore cannot reasonably be called an [[ascetic]].}}</ref> |
| − | Ayaṁ kho me bhikkhave tesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu evaṁvādīsu evaṁdiṭṭhīsu, | + | Ayaṁ kho me [[bhikkhave]] tesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu evaṁvādīsu evaṁdiṭṭhīsu, |
| − | This, monks, for the ascetics and brahmins who are of these arguments, these views, | + | This, [[monks]], for the [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]] who are of these arguments, these [[views]], |
paṭhamo sahadhammiko niggaho hoti. | paṭhamo sahadhammiko niggaho hoti. | ||
is my first reasonable reproach. | is my first reasonable reproach. | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
| − | ===Those who Believe in the Power of God=== | + | ===Those who Believe in the Power of [[God]]=== |
<poem> | <poem> | ||
| − | Tatra bhikkhave ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | + | [[Tatra]] [[bhikkhave]] ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: |
| − | Here, monks, (as for) those ascetics and brahmins who are of this argument, this view: | + | Here, [[monks]], (as for) those [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]] who are of this argument, this view: |
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | “Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | ||
| − | “Whatever an individual experiences, | + | “Whatever an {{Wiki|individual}} [[experiences]], |
| − | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ Issaranimmānahetū” ti, | + | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā [[sabbaṁ]] taṁ Issaranimmānahetū” ti, |
| − | whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to the power of God,” | + | whether [[pleasant]], [[painful]], or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to the power of [[God]],” |
tyāhaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadāmi: | tyāhaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadāmi: | ||
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“Saccaṁ kira tumhe āyasmanto evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | “Saccaṁ kira tumhe āyasmanto evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | ||
| − | “Is it true that you venerables are of this argument, this view: | + | “Is it true that you [[venerables]] are of this argument, this view: |
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | “Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | ||
| − | “Whatever an individual experiences, | + | “Whatever an {{Wiki|individual}} [[experiences]], |
| − | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ Issaranimmānahetū?” ti, | + | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā [[sabbaṁ]] taṁ Issaranimmānahetū?” ti, |
| − | whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to the power of God?”, | + | whether [[pleasant]], [[painful]], or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to the power of [[God]]?”, |
te ce me evaṁ puṭṭhā “āmā” ti paṭijānanti, tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: | te ce me evaṁ puṭṭhā “āmā” ti paṭijānanti, tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: | ||
and if they agree with me when questioned thus, (saying) “yes”, I say to them: | and if they agree with me when questioned thus, (saying) “yes”, I say to them: | ||
| − | “Tena hāyasmanto pāṇātipātino bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu, | + | “Tena hāyasmanto pāṇātipātino [[bhavissanti]] [[Issaranimmānahetu]], |
| − | “Then, venerables, (people) will be killers of living creatures due to the power of God, | + | “Then, [[venerables]], ([[people]]) will be killers of living creatures due to the power of [[God]], |
| − | adinnādāyino bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu, | + | adinnādāyino [[bhavissanti]] [[Issaranimmānahetu]], |
| − | they will be takers of what is not given due to the power of God, | + | they will be takers of what is not given due to the power of [[God]], |
| − | abrahmacārino bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu, | + | abrahmacārino [[bhavissanti]] [[Issaranimmānahetu]], |
| − | they will be unchaste due to the power of God, | + | they will be unchaste due to the power of [[God]], |
| − | musāvādino bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu, | + | musāvādino [[bhavissanti]] [[Issaranimmānahetu]], |
| − | they will be speakers of what is false due to the power of God, | + | they will be speakers of what is false due to the power of [[God]], |
| − | pisuṇavācā bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu, | + | pisuṇavācā [[bhavissanti]] [[Issaranimmānahetu]], |
| − | they will be utterers of divisive words due to the power of God, | + | they will be utterers of divisive words due to the power of [[God]], |
| − | pharusavācā bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu, | + | pharusavācā [[bhavissanti]] [[Issaranimmānahetu]], |
| − | they will be utterers of harsh words due to the power of God, | + | they will be utterers of harsh words due to the power of [[God]], |
| − | samphappalāpino bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu, | + | samphappalāpino [[bhavissanti]] [[Issaranimmānahetu]], |
| − | they will be frivolous talkers due to the power of God, | + | they will be frivolous talkers due to the power of [[God]], |
| − | abhijjhāluno bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu, | + | abhijjhāluno [[bhavissanti]] [[Issaranimmānahetu]], |
| − | they will be avaracious due to the power of God, | + | they will be avaracious due to the power of [[God]], |
| − | vyāpannacittā bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu, | + | vyāpannacittā [[bhavissanti]] [[Issaranimmānahetu]], |
| − | they will be malevolent due to the power of God, | + | they will be [[malevolent]] due to the power of [[God]], |
| − | micchādiṭṭhikā bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu. | + | micchādiṭṭhikā [[bhavissanti]] [[Issaranimmānahetu]]. |
| − | they will hold to wrong views due to the power of God. | + | they will hold to [[wrong views]] due to the power of [[God]]. |
| − | Issaranimmānaṁ kho pana bhikkhave sārato paccāgacchataṁ | + | Issaranimmānaṁ kho pana [[bhikkhave]] sārato paccāgacchataṁ |
| − | But, monks, for he who holds the power of God as the essential thing, | + | But, [[monks]], for he who holds the power of [[God]] as the [[essential]] thing, |
na hoti chando vā vāyāmo vā: “idaṁ vā karaṇīyaṁ idaṁ vā akaraṇīyan”-ti, | na hoti chando vā vāyāmo vā: “idaṁ vā karaṇīyaṁ idaṁ vā akaraṇīyan”-ti, | ||
| − | there is no desire nor effort (thinking): “this should be done, or this should not be done”, | + | there is no [[desire]] nor [[effort]] ([[thinking]]): “this should be done, or this should not be done”, |
iti karaṇīyākaraṇīye kho pana saccato thetato anupalabbhiyamāne, | iti karaṇīyākaraṇīye kho pana saccato thetato anupalabbhiyamāne, | ||
| − | but there being no truth or trust in what should be done or what should not be done, | + | but there being no [[truth]] or [[trust]] in what should be done or what should not be done, |
muṭṭhassatīnaṁ anārakkhānaṁ viharataṁ, | muṭṭhassatīnaṁ anārakkhānaṁ viharataṁ, | ||
| − | he lives without mindfulness, without protection, | + | he [[lives]] without [[mindfulness]], without [[protection]], |
na hoti paccattaṁ sahadhammiko samaṇavādo. | na hoti paccattaṁ sahadhammiko samaṇavādo. | ||
| − | and that individual cannot reasonably be called an ascetic. | + | and that {{Wiki|individual}} cannot reasonably be called an [[ascetic]]. |
| − | Ayaṁ kho me bhikkhave tesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu evaṁvādīsu evaṁdiṭṭhīsu, | + | Ayaṁ kho me [[bhikkhave]] tesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu evaṁvādīsu evaṁdiṭṭhīsu, |
| − | This, monks, for the ascetics and brahmins who are of these arguments, these views, | + | This, [[monks]], for the [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]] who are of these arguments, these [[views]], |
dutiyo sahadhammiko niggaho hoti. | dutiyo sahadhammiko niggaho hoti. | ||
is my second reasonable reproach. | is my second reasonable reproach. | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
| − | ===Those who Believe there is No Cause or Condition=== | + | ===Those who Believe there is No [[Cause]] or [[Condition]]=== |
<poem> | <poem> | ||
| − | Tatra bhikkhave ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | + | [[Tatra]] [[bhikkhave]] ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: |
| − | Here, monks, (as for) those ascetics and brahmins who are of this argument, this view: | + | Here, [[monks]], (as for) those [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]] who are of this argument, this view: |
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | “Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | ||
| − | “Whatever an individual experiences, | + | “Whatever an {{Wiki|individual}} [[experiences]], |
| − | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ ahetu-appaccayāhetū” ti, | + | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā [[sabbaṁ]] taṁ ahetu-appaccayāhetū” ti, |
| − | whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that has no cause or condition,” | + | whether [[pleasant]], [[painful]], or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that has no [[cause]] or [[condition]],” |
tyāhaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadāmi: | tyāhaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadāmi: | ||
| Line 216: | Line 216: | ||
“Saccaṁ kira tumhe āyasmanto evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | “Saccaṁ kira tumhe āyasmanto evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino: | ||
| − | “Is it true that you venerables are of this argument, this view: | + | “Is it true that you [[venerables]] are of this argument, this view: |
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | “Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti, | ||
| − | “Whatever an individual experiences, | + | “Whatever an {{Wiki|individual}} [[experiences]], |
| − | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ ahetu-appaccayāhetū?” ti, | + | sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā [[sabbaṁ]] taṁ ahetu-appaccayāhetū?” ti, |
| − | whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that has no cause or condition?”, | + | whether [[pleasant]], [[painful]], or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that has no [[cause]] or [[condition]]?”, |
te ce me evaṁ puṭṭhā “āmā” ti paṭijānanti, tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: | te ce me evaṁ puṭṭhā “āmā” ti paṭijānanti, tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi: | ||
and if they agree with me when questioned thus, (saying) “yes”, I say to them: | and if they agree with me when questioned thus, (saying) “yes”, I say to them: | ||
| − | “Tena hāyasmanto pāṇātipātino bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu, | + | “Tena hāyasmanto pāṇātipātino [[bhavissanti]] ahetu-appaccayāhetu, |
| − | “Then, venerables, (people) will be killers of living creatures with no cause or condition, | + | “Then, [[venerables]], ([[people]]) will be killers of living creatures with no [[cause]] or [[condition]], |
| − | adinnādāyino bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu, | + | adinnādāyino [[bhavissanti]] ahetu-appaccayāhetu, |
| − | they will be takers of what is not given with no cause or condition, | + | they will be takers of what is not given with no [[cause]] or [[condition]], |
| − | abrahmacārino bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu, | + | abrahmacārino [[bhavissanti]] ahetu-appaccayāhetu, |
| − | they will be unchaste with no cause or condition, | + | they will be unchaste with no [[cause]] or [[condition]], |
| − | musāvādino bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu, | + | musāvādino [[bhavissanti]] ahetu-appaccayāhetu, |
| − | they will be speakers of what is false with no cause or condition, | + | they will be speakers of what is false with no [[cause]] or [[condition]], |
| − | pisuṇavācā bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu, | + | pisuṇavācā [[bhavissanti]] ahetu-appaccayāhetu, |
| − | they will be utterers of divisive words with no cause or condition, | + | they will be utterers of divisive words with no [[cause]] or [[condition]], |
| − | pharusavācā bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu, | + | pharusavācā [[bhavissanti]] ahetu-appaccayāhetu, |
| − | they will be utterers of harsh words with no cause or condition, | + | they will be utterers of harsh words with no [[cause]] or [[condition]], |
| − | samphappalāpino bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu, | + | samphappalāpino [[bhavissanti]] ahetu-appaccayāhetu, |
| − | they will be frivolous talkers with no cause or condition, | + | they will be frivolous talkers with no [[cause]] or [[condition]], |
| − | abhijjhāluno bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu, | + | abhijjhāluno [[bhavissanti]] ahetu-appaccayāhetu, |
| − | they will be avaracious with no cause or condition, | + | they will be avaracious with no [[cause]] or [[condition]], |
| − | vyāpannacittā bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu, | + | vyāpannacittā [[bhavissanti]] ahetu-appaccayāhetu, |
| − | they will be malevolent with no cause or condition, | + | they will be [[malevolent]] with no [[cause]] or [[condition]], |
| − | micchādiṭṭhikā bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu. | + | micchādiṭṭhikā [[bhavissanti]] ahetu-appaccayāhetu. |
| − | they will hold to wrong views with no cause or condition. | + | they will hold to [[wrong views]] with no [[cause]] or [[condition]]. |
| − | Ahetu-appaccayaṁ kho pana bhikkhave sārato paccāgacchataṁ | + | Ahetu-appaccayaṁ kho pana [[bhikkhave]] sārato paccāgacchataṁ |
| − | But, monks, for he who holds no cause or condition as the essential thing, | + | But, [[monks]], for he who holds no [[cause]] or [[condition]] as the [[essential]] thing, |
na hoti chando vā vāyāmo vā: “idaṁ vā karaṇīyaṁ idaṁ vā akaraṇīyan”-ti, | na hoti chando vā vāyāmo vā: “idaṁ vā karaṇīyaṁ idaṁ vā akaraṇīyan”-ti, | ||
| − | there is no desire nor effort (thinking): “this should be done, or this should not be done”, | + | there is no [[desire]] nor [[effort]] ([[thinking]]): “this should be done, or this should not be done”, |
iti karaṇīyākaraṇīye kho pana saccato thetato anupalabbhiyamāne, | iti karaṇīyākaraṇīye kho pana saccato thetato anupalabbhiyamāne, | ||
| − | but there being no truth or trust in what should be done or what should not be done, | + | but there being no [[truth]] or [[trust]] in what should be done or what should not be done, |
muṭṭhassatīnaṁ anārakkhānaṁ viharataṁ, | muṭṭhassatīnaṁ anārakkhānaṁ viharataṁ, | ||
| − | he lives without mindfulness, without protection, | + | he [[lives]] without [[mindfulness]], without [[protection]], |
na hoti paccattaṁ sahadhammiko samaṇavādo. | na hoti paccattaṁ sahadhammiko samaṇavādo. | ||
| − | and that individual cannot reasonably be called an ascetic. | + | and that {{Wiki|individual}} cannot reasonably be called an [[ascetic]]. |
| − | Ayaṁ kho me bhikkhave tesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu evaṁvādīsu evaṁdiṭṭhīsu, | + | Ayaṁ kho me [[bhikkhave]] tesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu evaṁvādīsu evaṁdiṭṭhīsu, |
| − | This, monks, for the ascetics and brahmins who are of these arguments, these views, | + | This, [[monks]], for the [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]] who are of these arguments, these [[views]], |
tatiyo sahadhammiko niggaho hoti. | tatiyo sahadhammiko niggaho hoti. | ||
is my third reasonable reproach. | is my third reasonable reproach. | ||
| − | Imāni kho bhikkhave tīṇi titthāyatanāni, | + | Imāni kho [[bhikkhave]] tīṇi titthāyatanāni, |
| − | These are the three belief systems, monks, | + | These are the three [[belief]] systems, [[monks]], |
yāni paṇḍitehi samanuyuñjiyamānāni samanugāhiyamānāni samanubhāsiyamānāni, | yāni paṇḍitehi samanuyuñjiyamānāni samanugāhiyamānāni samanubhāsiyamānāni, | ||
| − | and though questioned, queried, and discussed by wise men, | + | and though questioned, queried, and discussed by [[wise]] men, |
param-pi gantvā akiriyāya saṇṭhahanti. | param-pi gantvā akiriyāya saṇṭhahanti. | ||
(because they) have come down from others, they persist in inaction. | (because they) have come down from others, they persist in inaction. | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
| − | ==The Buddha's Teaching== | + | ==The [[Buddha's Teaching]]== |
<poem> | <poem> | ||
| − | Ayaṁ kho pana bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | Ayaṁ kho pana [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | But this is the Teaching, monks, taught by me | + | But this is the [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho <ref>{{Nolinking|TRE: appaṭikkuṭṭho, similarly elsewhere.}}</ref> samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho <ref>{{Nolinking|TRE: appaṭikkuṭṭho, similarly elsewhere.}}</ref> samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | Katamo ca bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | Katamo ca [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | What is the Teaching, monks, taught by me | + | What is the [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi? | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi? | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins? | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]? |
| − | “Imā cha dhātuyo” ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | “Imā cha dhātuyo” ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | “These are the six | + | “These are the [[six elements]]” is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | “Imāni cha phassāyatanānī” ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | “Imāni cha phassāyatanānī” ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | “These are the six spheres of | + | “These are the [[six spheres]] of [[contact]]” is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | “Ime aṭṭhārasa manopavicārā” ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | “Ime aṭṭhārasa manopavicārā” ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | “These are the eighteen investigations of | + | “These are the eighteen investigations of [[mind]]” is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | “Imāni cattāri ariyasaccānī” ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | “Imāni cattāri ariyasaccānī” ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | “These are the four noble | + | “These are the [[four noble truths]]” is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
| − | ===The Six Elements=== | + | ===The [[Six Elements]]=== |
<poem> | <poem> | ||
| − | “ ‘Imā cha dhātuyo’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | “ ‘Imā cha dhātuyo’ ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | “ ‘These are the six | + | “ ‘These are the [[six elements]]’ is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ? | + | Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ [[paṭicca]] vuttaṁ? |
This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said? | This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said? | ||
| − | Chayimā bhikkhave dhātuyo: | + | Chayimā [[bhikkhave]] dhātuyo: |
| − | There are these six elements, monks: | + | There are these [[six elements]], [[monks]]: |
paṭhavīdhātu, <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: pathavīdhātu.}}</ref> āpodhātu, tejodhātu, vāyodhātu, ākāsadhātu, viññāṇadhātu. | paṭhavīdhātu, <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: pathavīdhātu.}}</ref> āpodhātu, tejodhātu, vāyodhātu, ākāsadhātu, viññāṇadhātu. | ||
| − | the earth element, the water element, the fire element, the wind element, the space element, the consciousness element. <ref>{{Nolinking|Sometimes the elements are listed as the first four, and sometimes as the first five.}}</ref> | + | the [[earth element]], the [[water element]], the [[fire element]], the [[wind element]], the [[space element]], the [[consciousness element]]. <ref>{{Nolinking|Sometimes the elements are listed as the first four, and sometimes as the first five.}}</ref> |
| − | ‘Imā cha dhātuyo’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | ‘Imā cha dhātuyo’ ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | ‘These are the six | + | ‘These are the [[six elements]]’ is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ? | + | Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ [[paṭicca]] vuttaṁ? |
This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said? | This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said? | ||
| − | Iti yaṁ taṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: yan-taṁ, and similarly throughout.}}</ref> vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ. | + | Iti yaṁ taṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: yan-taṁ, and similarly throughout.}}</ref> vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ [[paṭicca]] vuttaṁ. |
| − | This is that which was said, and this is the reason it was said. | + | This is that which was said, and this is the [[reason]] it was said. |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
| − | ===The Six Spheres of Contact=== | + | ===The [[Six Spheres]] of [[Contact]]=== |
<poem> | <poem> | ||
| − | ‘Imāni cha phassāyatanānī’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | ‘Imāni cha phassāyatanānī’ ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | ‘These are the six spheres of | + | ‘These are the [[six spheres]] of [[contact]]’ is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ? | + | Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ [[paṭicca]] vuttaṁ? |
This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said? | This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said? | ||
| − | Chayimāni bhikkhave phassāyatanāni: | + | Chayimāni [[bhikkhave]] phassāyatanāni: |
| − | There are these six spheres of contact, monks: | + | There are these [[six spheres]] of [[contact]], [[monks]]: |
cakkhuṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: cakkhu.}}</ref> phassāyatanaṁ, sotaṁ phassāyatanaṁ, ghānaṁ phassāyatanaṁ, | cakkhuṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: cakkhu.}}</ref> phassāyatanaṁ, sotaṁ phassāyatanaṁ, ghānaṁ phassāyatanaṁ, | ||
| − | the eye sphere of contact, the ear sphere of contact, the nose sphere of contact, | + | the [[eye]] [[sphere]] of [[contact]], the {{Wiki|ear}} [[sphere]] of [[contact]], the {{Wiki|nose}} [[sphere]] of [[contact]], |
| − | jivhā phassāyatanaṁ, kāyo phassāyatanaṁ, mano phassāyatanaṁ. | + | [[jivhā]] phassāyatanaṁ, kāyo phassāyatanaṁ, [[mano]] phassāyatanaṁ. |
| − | the tongue sphere of contact, the body sphere of contact, the mind sphere of contact. | + | the {{Wiki|tongue}} [[sphere]] of [[contact]], the [[body]] [[sphere]] of [[contact]], the [[mind]] [[sphere]] of [[contact]]. |
| − | ‘Imāni cha phassāyatanānī’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | ‘Imāni cha phassāyatanānī’ ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | ‘These are the six spheres of | + | ‘These are the [[six spheres]] of [[contact]]’ is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ. | + | Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ [[paṭicca]] vuttaṁ. |
| − | This is that which was said, and this is the reason it was said. | + | This is that which was said, and this is the [[reason]] it was said. |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
| − | ===The Eighteen Investigations of Mind=== | + | ===The Eighteen Investigations of [[Mind]]=== |
<poem> | <poem> | ||
| − | ‘Ime aṭṭhārasa manopavicārā’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | ‘Ime aṭṭhārasa manopavicārā’ ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | ‘These are the eighteen investigations of | + | ‘These are the eighteen investigations of [[mind]]’ is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. <ref>{{Nolinking|This teaching seems to be mentioned only here, and in the commentaries on this discourse, except when it is quoted from here (as in the commentary to [[Mūlapariyāyasuttaṁ]] (MN 1), but it is enunciated as though it were a well-known teaching.}}</ref> | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. <ref>{{Nolinking|This teaching seems to be mentioned only here, and in the commentaries on this discourse, except when it is quoted from here (as in the commentary to [[Mūlapariyāyasuttaṁ]] (MN 1), but it is enunciated as though it were a well-known teaching.}}</ref> |
| − | Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ? | + | Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ [[paṭicca]] vuttaṁ? |
This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said? | This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said? | ||
Cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rūpaṁ upavicarati, | Cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rūpaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | Having seen a form with the eye he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant form, | + | Having seen a [[form]] with the [[eye]] he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[pleasant]] [[form]], |
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rūpaṁ upavicarati, | domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rūpaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant form, | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[unpleasant]] [[form]], |
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ rūpaṁ upavicarati. | upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ rūpaṁ upavicarati. | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral form. <ref>{{Nolinking|upekkhā here is equivalent to adukkhamasukhavedanā.}}</ref> | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[neutral]] [[form]]. <ref>{{Nolinking|upekkhā here is equivalent to adukkhamasukhavedanā.}}</ref> |
Sotena saddaṁ sutvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ saddaṁ upavicarati, | Sotena saddaṁ sutvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ saddaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | Having heard a sound with the ear he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant sound, | + | Having heard a [[sound]] with the {{Wiki|ear}} he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[pleasant]] [[sound]], |
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ saddaṁ upavicarati, | domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ saddaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant sound, | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[unpleasant sound]], |
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ saddaṁ upavicarati. | upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ saddaṁ upavicarati. | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral sound. | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[neutral]] [[sound]]. |
Ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyitvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ gandhaṁ upavicarati, | Ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyitvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ gandhaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | Having smelt a smell with the nose he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant smell, | + | Having smelt a {{Wiki|smell}} with the {{Wiki|nose}} he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[pleasant]] {{Wiki|smell}}, |
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ gandhaṁ upavicarati, | domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ gandhaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant smell, | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[unpleasant]] {{Wiki|smell}}, |
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ gandhaṁ upavicarati. | upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ gandhaṁ upavicarati. | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral smell. | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[neutral]] {{Wiki|smell}}. |
Jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rasaṁ upavicarati, | Jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rasaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | Having tasted a taste with the tongue he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant taste, | + | Having tasted a {{Wiki|taste}} with the {{Wiki|tongue}} he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[pleasant]] {{Wiki|taste}}, |
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rasaṁ upavicarati, | domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rasaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant taste, | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[unpleasant]] {{Wiki|taste}}, |
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ rasaṁ upavicarati, | upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ rasaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral taste, | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[neutral]] {{Wiki|taste}}, |
Kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṁ phusitvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upavicarati, | Kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṁ phusitvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | Having touched a tangible with the body he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant tangible, | + | Having touched a {{Wiki|tangible}} with the [[body]] he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[pleasant]] {{Wiki|tangible}}, |
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upavicarati, | domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant tangible, | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[unpleasant]] {{Wiki|tangible}}, |
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upavicarati, | upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral tangible, | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[neutral]] {{Wiki|tangible}}, |
Manasā dhammaṁ viññāya somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ dhammaṁ upavicarati, | Manasā dhammaṁ viññāya somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ dhammaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | Having cognised a mental object with the mind he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant mental object, | + | Having cognised a [[mental object]] with the [[mind]] he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[pleasant]] [[mental object]], |
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ dhammaṁ upavicarati, | domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ dhammaṁ upavicarati, | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant mental object, | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[unpleasant]] [[mental object]], |
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ dhammaṁ upavicarati. | upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ dhammaṁ upavicarati. | ||
| − | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral mental object. | + | he investigates whether it is to be classified as a [[neutral]] [[mental object]]. |
| − | ‘Ime aṭṭhārasa manopavicārā’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | ‘Ime aṭṭhārasa manopavicārā’ ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | ‘These are the eighteen investigations of | + | ‘These are the eighteen investigations of [[mind]]’ is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ. | + | Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ [[paṭicca]] vuttaṁ. |
| − | This is that which was said, and this is the reason it was said. | + | This is that which was said, and this is the [[reason]] it was said. |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
| − | ===The Four Noble Truths=== | + | ===The [[Four Noble Truths]]=== |
<poem> | <poem> | ||
| − | ‘Imāni cattāri ariyasaccānī’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | ‘Imāni cattāri ariyasaccānī’ ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | ‘These are the four noble | + | ‘These are the [[four noble truths]]’ is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ? | + | Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ [[paṭicca]] vuttaṁ? |
This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said? | This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said? | ||
| − | Channaṁ bhikkhave dhātūnaṁ upādāya gabbhassāvakkanti hoti, | + | Channaṁ [[bhikkhave]] dhātūnaṁ [[upādāya]] gabbhassāvakkanti hoti, |
| − | Having attachment to the six elements, monks, there is entry into the womb, | + | Having [[attachment]] to the [[six elements]], [[monks]], there is entry into the [[womb]], |
| − | okkantiyā sati nāmarūpaṁ, | + | okkantiyā [[sati]] nāmarūpaṁ, |
| − | with the appearance (in the womb) there is mind and body, | + | with the [[appearance]] (in the [[womb]]) there is [[mind and body]], |
nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ, | nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ, | ||
| − | because of mind and body: the six sense spheres, | + | because of [[mind and body]]: the [[six sense]] [[spheres]], |
| − | saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso, | + | saḷāyatanapaccayā [[phasso]], |
| − | because of the six sense spheres: contact, | + | because of the [[six sense]] [[spheres]]: [[contact]], |
| − | phassapaccayā vedanā, | + | phassapaccayā [[vedanā]], |
| − | because of contact: feeling, | + | because of [[contact]]: [[feeling]], |
| − | vediyamānassa kho panāhaṁ bhikkhave ‘idaṁ Dukkhan’-ti paññāpemi, <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: paññapemi, and similarly throughout.}}</ref> | + | vediyamānassa kho panāhaṁ [[bhikkhave]] ‘idaṁ Dukkhan’-ti paññāpemi, <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: paññapemi, and similarly throughout.}}</ref> |
| − | now to one who has feeling, monks, I declare ‘this is | + | now to one who has [[feeling]], [[monks]], I declare ‘this is [[Suffering]]’, |
‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ ti paññāpemi, | ‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ ti paññāpemi, | ||
| − | I declare ‘this is the arising of | + | I declare ‘this is the [[arising]] of [[suffering]]’, |
‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ ti paññāpemi, | ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ ti paññāpemi, | ||
| − | I declare ‘this is the cessation of | + | I declare ‘this is the [[cessation of suffering]]’, |
| − | ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī | + | ‘ayaṁ [[dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā]]’ ti paññāpemi. |
| − | I declare ‘this is the path leading to the cessation of | + | I declare ‘this is the [[path]] leading to the [[cessation of suffering]]’. |
| − | Katamañ-ca bhikkhave dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ? | + | Katamañ-ca [[bhikkhave]] dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ? |
| − | Now what, monks, is the noble truth of suffering? | + | Now what, [[monks]], is the [[noble truth]] of [[suffering]]? |
| − | :Jāti pi dukkhā | + | :[[Jāti]] pi [[dukkhā]] |
| − | :Birth is suffering | + | :[[Birth]] is [[suffering]] |
| − | : jarā pi dukkhā | + | : [[jarā]] pi [[dukkhā]] |
| − | : also old age is suffering | + | : also [[old age]] is [[suffering]] |
: maraṇam-pi dukkhaṁ | : maraṇam-pi dukkhaṁ | ||
| − | : also death is suffering | + | : also [[death]] is [[suffering]] |
| − | : sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā pi dukkhā | + | : sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā pi [[dukkhā]] |
| − | : also grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow, and despair, is suffering | + | : also [[grief]], [[lamentation]], [[pain]], [[sorrow]], and {{Wiki|despair}}, is [[suffering]] |
: <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE adds: dukkhā appiyehi sampayogo, dukkho piyehi vippayogo dukkho.}}</ref>yam-picchaṁ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṁ | : <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE adds: dukkhā appiyehi sampayogo, dukkho piyehi vippayogo dukkho.}}</ref>yam-picchaṁ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṁ | ||
| − | : also not to obtain what one longs for is suffering | + | : also not to obtain what one longs for is [[suffering]] |
| − | : saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā. | + | : saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā [[dukkhā]]. |
| − | : in brief, the five constituent groups (of mind and body) that provide fuel for attachment are suffering. | + | : in brief, the five constituent groups (of [[mind and body]]) that provide fuel for [[attachment]] are [[suffering]]. |
| − | Idaṁ vuccati bhikkhave dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ. | + | Idaṁ [[vuccati]] [[bhikkhave]] dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ. |
| − | This I say, monks, is the noble truth of suffering. | + | This I say, [[monks]], is the [[noble truth]] of [[suffering]]. |
| − | Katamañ-ca bhikkhave Dukkhasamudayaṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: dukkhasamudayo, here and below.}}</ref> ariyasaccaṁ? | + | Katamañ-ca [[bhikkhave]] Dukkhasamudayaṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: dukkhasamudayo, here and below.}}</ref> ariyasaccaṁ? |
| − | Now what, monks, is the noble truth of the arising of suffering? | + | Now what, [[monks]], is the [[noble truth]] of the [[arising]] of [[suffering]]? |
| − | : Avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, | + | : Avijjāpaccayā [[saṅkhārā]], |
| − | : Because of ignorance there are (volitional) processes, | + | : Because of [[ignorance]] there are ([[volitional]]) {{Wiki|processes}}, |
: saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṁ, | : saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṁ, | ||
| − | : because of (volitional) processes: consciousness, | + | : because of ([[volitional]]) {{Wiki|processes}}: [[consciousness]], |
: viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṁ, | : viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṁ, | ||
| − | : because of consciousness: mind and body, | + | : because of [[consciousness]]: [[mind and body]], |
: nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ, | : nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ, | ||
| − | : because of mind and body: the six sense spheres, | + | : because of [[mind and body]]: the [[six sense]] [[spheres]], |
| − | : saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso, | + | : saḷāyatanapaccayā [[phasso]], |
| − | : because of the six sense spheres: contact, | + | : because of the [[six sense]] [[spheres]]: [[contact]], |
| − | : phassapaccayā vedanā, | + | : phassapaccayā [[vedanā]], |
| − | : because of contact: feeling, | + | : because of [[contact]]: [[feeling]], |
| − | : vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, | + | : vedanāpaccayā [[taṇhā]], |
| − | : because of feeling: craving, | + | : because of [[feeling]]: [[craving]], |
: taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṁ, | : taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṁ, | ||
| − | : because of craving: attachment, | + | : because of [[craving]]: [[attachment]], |
: upādānapaccayā bhavo, | : upādānapaccayā bhavo, | ||
| − | : because of attachment: continuation, | + | : because of [[attachment]]: continuation, |
| − | : bhavapaccayā jāti, | + | : bhavapaccayā [[jāti]], |
| − | : because of continuation: birth, | + | : because of continuation: [[birth]], |
: jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṁ, | : jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṁ, | ||
| − | : because of birth: old age, death, | + | : because of [[birth]]: [[old age]], [[death]], |
: sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti, | : sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti, | ||
| − | : grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow, and despair (all) arise, | + | : [[grief]], [[lamentation]], [[pain]], [[sorrow]], and {{Wiki|despair}} (all) arise, |
: evam-etassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. | : evam-etassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. | ||
| − | : and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering. | + | : and so there is an origination of this whole {{Wiki|mass}} of [[suffering]]. |
| − | Idaṁ vuccati bhikkhave dukkhasamudayaṁ ariyasaccaṁ. | + | Idaṁ [[vuccati]] [[bhikkhave]] dukkhasamudayaṁ ariyasaccaṁ. |
| − | This I say, monks, is the Noble Truth of the arising of suffering. | + | This I say, [[monks]], is the [[Noble Truth]] of the [[arising]] of [[suffering]]. |
| − | Katamañ-ca bhikkhave dukkhanirodhaṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: dukkhanirodho, here and below.}}</ref> ariyasaccaṁ? | + | Katamañ-ca [[bhikkhave]] dukkhanirodhaṁ <ref>{{Nolinking|RTE: dukkhanirodho, here and below.}}</ref> ariyasaccaṁ? |
| − | Now what, monks, is the noble truth of the cessation of suffering? | + | Now what, [[monks]], is the [[noble truth]] of the [[cessation of suffering]]? |
: Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, | : Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, | ||
| − | : From the complete fading away and cessation of ignorance, there is the cessation of (volitional) processes, | + | : From the complete fading away and [[cessation]] of [[ignorance]], there is the [[cessation]] of ([[volitional]]) {{Wiki|processes}}, |
: saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho, | : saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho, | ||
| − | : from the cessation of (volitional) processes, the cessation of consciousness, | + | : from the [[cessation]] of ([[volitional]]) {{Wiki|processes}}, the [[cessation of consciousness]], |
: viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho, | : viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho, | ||
| − | : from the cessation of consciousness, the cessation of mind and body, | + | : from the [[cessation of consciousness]], the [[cessation]] of [[mind and body]], |
: nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho, | : nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho, | ||
| − | : from the cessation of mind and body, the cessation of the six sense spheres, | + | : from the [[cessation]] of [[mind and body]], the [[cessation]] of the [[six sense]] [[spheres]], |
: saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho, | : saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho, | ||
| − | : from the cessation of the six sense spheres, the cessation of contact, | + | : from the [[cessation]] of the [[six sense]] [[spheres]], the [[cessation]] of [[contact]], |
: phassanirodhā vedanānirodho, | : phassanirodhā vedanānirodho, | ||
| − | : from the cessation of contact, the cessation of feeling, | + | : from the [[cessation]] of [[contact]], the [[cessation]] of [[feeling]], |
: vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho, | : vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho, | ||
| − | : from the cessation of feeling, the cessation of craving, | + | : from the [[cessation]] of [[feeling]], the [[cessation]] of [[craving]], |
: taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho, | : taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho, | ||
| − | : from the cessation of craving, the cessation of attachment, | + | : from the [[cessation]] of [[craving]], the [[cessation]] of [[attachment]], |
: upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, | : upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, | ||
| − | : from the cessation of attachment, the cessation of continuation, | + | : from the [[cessation]] of [[attachment]], the [[cessation]] of continuation, |
: bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, | : bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, | ||
| − | : from the cessation of continuation, the cessation of birth, | + | : from the [[cessation]] of continuation, the [[cessation]] of [[birth]], |
: jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṁ, | : jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṁ, | ||
| − | : from the cessation of birth, old age, death, | + | : from the [[cessation]] of [[birth]], [[old age]], [[death]], |
: sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti, | : sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti, | ||
| − | : grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow, and despair (all) cease, | + | : [[grief]], [[lamentation]], [[pain]], [[sorrow]], and {{Wiki|despair}} (all) cease, |
: evam-etassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. | : evam-etassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. | ||
| − | : and so there is a cessation of this whole mass of suffering. | + | : and so there is a [[cessation]] of this whole {{Wiki|mass}} of [[suffering]]. |
| − | Idaṁ vuccati bhikkhave dukkhanirodhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ. | + | Idaṁ [[vuccati]] [[bhikkhave]] dukkhanirodhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ. |
| − | This I say, monks, is the noble truth of the cessation of suffering. | + | This I say, [[monks]], is the [[noble truth]] of the [[cessation of suffering]]. |
| − | Katamañ-ca bhikkhave dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ? | + | Katamañ-ca [[bhikkhave]] [[dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā]] ariyasaccaṁ? |
| − | Now what, monks, is the noble truth of the path leading to the cessation of suffering? | + | Now what, [[monks]], is the [[noble truth]] of the [[path]] leading to the [[cessation of suffering]]? |
| − | : Ayam-eva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathīdaṁ: <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: seyyathidaṁ.}}</ref> | + | : Ayam-eva [[ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo]], seyyathīdaṁ: <ref>{{Nolinking|ChS: seyyathidaṁ.}}</ref> |
| − | : It is this noble path with eight factors, as follows: | + | : It is this [[noble path]] with eight factors, as follows: |
: [[sammādiṭṭhi]] | : [[sammādiṭṭhi]] | ||
| − | : right view | + | : [[right view]] |
: [[sammāsaṅkappo]] | : [[sammāsaṅkappo]] | ||
| − | : right thought | + | : [[right thought]] |
: [[sammāvācā]] | : [[sammāvācā]] | ||
| − | : right speech | + | : [[right speech]] |
: [[sammākammanto]] | : [[sammākammanto]] | ||
| − | : right action | + | : [[right action]] |
: [[sammā-ājīvo]] | : [[sammā-ājīvo]] | ||
| − | : right livelihood | + | : [[right livelihood]] |
: [[sammāvāyāmo]] | : [[sammāvāyāmo]] | ||
| Line 634: | Line 634: | ||
: [[sammāsati]] | : [[sammāsati]] | ||
| − | : right mindfulness | + | : [[right mindfulness]] |
: [[sammāsamādhi]] | : [[sammāsamādhi]] | ||
| − | : right concentration | + | : [[right concentration]] |
| − | Idaṁ vuccati bhikkhave dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ. | + | Idaṁ [[vuccati]] [[bhikkhave]] [[dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā]] ariyasaccaṁ. |
| − | This I say, monks, is the noble truth of path leading to the cessation of suffering. | + | This I say, [[monks]], is the [[noble truth]] of [[path]] leading to the [[cessation of suffering]]. |
| − | ‘Imāni cattāri ariyasaccānī’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito | + | ‘Imāni cattāri ariyasaccānī’ ti [[bhikkhave]] mayā [[Dhammo]] desito |
| − | ‘These are the four noble | + | ‘These are the [[four noble truths]]’ is a [[Teaching]], [[monks]], [[taught]] by me |
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti. | ||
| − | that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. | + | that is without reproach, undefiled, [[blameless]], and unreviled by [[wise]] [[ascetics]] and [[brahmins]]. |
| − | Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ. | + | Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ [[paṭicca]] vuttaṁ. |
| − | This is that which was said, and this is the reason it was said. | + | This is that which was said, and this is the [[reason]] it was said. |
</poem> | </poem> | ||
{{Centre|Nitthitaṁ<br/> | {{Centre|Nitthitaṁ<br/> | ||
Latest revision as of 13:18, 23 May 2015
Titthāyatanasuttaṁ (Aṅg. 3.62)
The Discourse about the Belief Systems
Edited & Translated by
Ānandajoti Bhikkhu
The Three Belief Systems
Tīṇimāni [1] bhikkhave titthāyatanāni,
There are these three belief systems, monks,
yāni paṇḍitehi samanuyuñjiyamānāni samanugāhiyamānāni [2] samanubhāsiyamānāni
and though questioned, queried, and discussed by wise men,
param-pi gantvā akiriyāya saṇṭhahanti.
(because they) [3] have come down from others, they persist in inaction.
Katamāni tīṇi?
Which three?
Santi bhikkhave eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino:
There are some ascetics and brahmins, monks, who are of this argument, this view:
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti,
“Whatever an individual experiences,
sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ [4] pubbekatahetū” ti.
whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to what was done in the past.” [5]
Santi bhikkhave eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino:
There are some ascetics and brahmins, monks, who are of this argument, this view:
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti,
“Whatever an individual experiences,
sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ Issaranimmānahetū” ti.
whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to the power of God.” [6]
Santi bhikkhave eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino:
There are some ascetics and brahmins, monks, who are of this argument, this view:
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti,
“Whatever an individual experiences,
sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ ahetu-appaccayā ” ti.
whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that has no cause or condition.” [7]
Those who Believe in what was Done in the Past
Tatra bhikkhave ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino:
Here, monks, (as for) those ascetics and brahmins who are of this argument, this view:
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti,
“Whatever an individual experiences,
sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetū” ti,
whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to what was done in the past,”
tyāhaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadāmi:
having approached them, I say:
“Saccaṁ kira tumhe āyasmanto evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino:
“Is it true that you venerables are of this argument, this view:
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti,
“Whatever an individual experiences,
sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetū?” ti,
whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to what was done in the past?”,
te ce [8] me evaṁ puṭṭhā “āmā” ti paṭijānanti, tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi:
and if they agree with me when questioned thus, (saying) “yes”, I say to them: [9]
“Tena hāyasmanto pāṇātipātino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu,
“Then, venerables, (people) will be killers of living creatures because of what was done in the past,
adinnādāyino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu,
they will be takers of what is not given because of what was done in the past,
abrahmacārino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu,
they will be unchaste because of what was done in the past,
musāvādino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu,
they will be speakers of what is false because of what was done in the past,
pisuṇavācā bhavissanti pubbekatahetu,
they will be utterers of divisive words because of what was done in the past,
pharusavācā bhavissanti pubbekatahetu,
they will be utterers of harsh words because of what was done in the past,
samphappalāpino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu,
they will be frivolous talkers because of what was done in the past,
abhijjhāluno bhavissanti pubbekatahetu,
they will be avaracious because of what was done in the past,
vyāpannacittā bhavissanti pubbekatahetu,
they will be malevolent because of what was done in the past,
micchādiṭṭhikā bhavissanti pubbekatahetu. [10]
they will hold to wrong views because of what was done in the past.
Pubbekataṁ kho pana bhikkhave sārato paccāgacchataṁ
But, monks, for he who holds what was done in the past as the essential thing,
na hoti chando vā vāyāmo vā: “idaṁ vā karaṇīyaṁ idaṁ vā akaraṇīyan”-ti,
there is no desire nor effort (thinking): “this should be done, or this should not be done”,
iti karaṇīyākaraṇīye kho pana saccato thetato anupalabbhiyamāne,
but there being no truth or trust in what should be done or what should not be done,
muṭṭhassatīnaṁ anārakkhānaṁ viharataṁ,
he lives without mindfulness, [11] without protection, [12]
na hoti paccattaṁ sahadhammiko samaṇavādo.
and that individual cannot reasonably be called an ascetic. [13]
Ayaṁ kho me bhikkhave tesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu evaṁvādīsu evaṁdiṭṭhīsu,
This, monks, for the ascetics and brahmins who are of these arguments, these views,
paṭhamo sahadhammiko niggaho hoti.
is my first reasonable reproach.
Those who Believe in the Power of God
Tatra bhikkhave ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino:
Here, monks, (as for) those ascetics and brahmins who are of this argument, this view:
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti,
“Whatever an individual experiences,
sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ Issaranimmānahetū” ti,
whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to the power of God,”
tyāhaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadāmi:
having approached them, I say:
“Saccaṁ kira tumhe āyasmanto evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino:
“Is it true that you venerables are of this argument, this view:
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti,
“Whatever an individual experiences,
sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ Issaranimmānahetū?” ti,
whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that is due to the power of God?”,
te ce me evaṁ puṭṭhā “āmā” ti paṭijānanti, tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi:
and if they agree with me when questioned thus, (saying) “yes”, I say to them:
“Tena hāyasmanto pāṇātipātino bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu,
“Then, venerables, (people) will be killers of living creatures due to the power of God,
adinnādāyino bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu,
they will be takers of what is not given due to the power of God,
abrahmacārino bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu,
they will be unchaste due to the power of God,
musāvādino bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu,
they will be speakers of what is false due to the power of God,
pisuṇavācā bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu,
they will be utterers of divisive words due to the power of God,
pharusavācā bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu,
they will be utterers of harsh words due to the power of God,
samphappalāpino bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu,
they will be frivolous talkers due to the power of God,
abhijjhāluno bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu,
they will be avaracious due to the power of God,
vyāpannacittā bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu,
they will be malevolent due to the power of God,
micchādiṭṭhikā bhavissanti Issaranimmānahetu.
they will hold to wrong views due to the power of God.
Issaranimmānaṁ kho pana bhikkhave sārato paccāgacchataṁ
But, monks, for he who holds the power of God as the essential thing,
na hoti chando vā vāyāmo vā: “idaṁ vā karaṇīyaṁ idaṁ vā akaraṇīyan”-ti,
there is no desire nor effort (thinking): “this should be done, or this should not be done”,
iti karaṇīyākaraṇīye kho pana saccato thetato anupalabbhiyamāne,
but there being no truth or trust in what should be done or what should not be done,
muṭṭhassatīnaṁ anārakkhānaṁ viharataṁ,
he lives without mindfulness, without protection,
na hoti paccattaṁ sahadhammiko samaṇavādo.
and that individual cannot reasonably be called an ascetic.
Ayaṁ kho me bhikkhave tesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu evaṁvādīsu evaṁdiṭṭhīsu,
This, monks, for the ascetics and brahmins who are of these arguments, these views,
dutiyo sahadhammiko niggaho hoti.
is my second reasonable reproach.
Those who Believe there is No Cause or Condition
Tatra bhikkhave ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino:
Here, monks, (as for) those ascetics and brahmins who are of this argument, this view:
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti,
“Whatever an individual experiences,
sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ ahetu-appaccayāhetū” ti,
whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that has no cause or condition,”
tyāhaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadāmi:
having approached them, I say:
“Saccaṁ kira tumhe āyasmanto evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino:
“Is it true that you venerables are of this argument, this view:
“Yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti,
“Whatever an individual experiences,
sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā sabbaṁ taṁ ahetu-appaccayāhetū?” ti,
whether pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant, all of that has no cause or condition?”,
te ce me evaṁ puṭṭhā “āmā” ti paṭijānanti, tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadāmi:
and if they agree with me when questioned thus, (saying) “yes”, I say to them:
“Tena hāyasmanto pāṇātipātino bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu,
“Then, venerables, (people) will be killers of living creatures with no cause or condition,
adinnādāyino bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu,
they will be takers of what is not given with no cause or condition,
abrahmacārino bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu,
they will be unchaste with no cause or condition,
musāvādino bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu,
they will be speakers of what is false with no cause or condition,
pisuṇavācā bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu,
they will be utterers of divisive words with no cause or condition,
pharusavācā bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu,
they will be utterers of harsh words with no cause or condition,
samphappalāpino bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu,
they will be frivolous talkers with no cause or condition,
abhijjhāluno bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu,
they will be avaracious with no cause or condition,
vyāpannacittā bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu,
they will be malevolent with no cause or condition,
micchādiṭṭhikā bhavissanti ahetu-appaccayāhetu.
they will hold to wrong views with no cause or condition.
Ahetu-appaccayaṁ kho pana bhikkhave sārato paccāgacchataṁ
But, monks, for he who holds no cause or condition as the essential thing,
na hoti chando vā vāyāmo vā: “idaṁ vā karaṇīyaṁ idaṁ vā akaraṇīyan”-ti,
there is no desire nor effort (thinking): “this should be done, or this should not be done”,
iti karaṇīyākaraṇīye kho pana saccato thetato anupalabbhiyamāne,
but there being no truth or trust in what should be done or what should not be done,
muṭṭhassatīnaṁ anārakkhānaṁ viharataṁ,
he lives without mindfulness, without protection,
na hoti paccattaṁ sahadhammiko samaṇavādo.
and that individual cannot reasonably be called an ascetic.
Ayaṁ kho me bhikkhave tesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu evaṁvādīsu evaṁdiṭṭhīsu,
This, monks, for the ascetics and brahmins who are of these arguments, these views,
tatiyo sahadhammiko niggaho hoti.
is my third reasonable reproach.
Imāni kho bhikkhave tīṇi titthāyatanāni,
These are the three belief systems, monks,
yāni paṇḍitehi samanuyuñjiyamānāni samanugāhiyamānāni samanubhāsiyamānāni,
and though questioned, queried, and discussed by wise men,
param-pi gantvā akiriyāya saṇṭhahanti.
(because they) have come down from others, they persist in inaction.
The Buddha's Teaching
Ayaṁ kho pana bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
But this is the Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho [14] samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
Katamo ca bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
What is the Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi?
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins?
“Imā cha dhātuyo” ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
“These are the six elements” is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
“Imāni cha phassāyatanānī” ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
“These are the six spheres of contact” is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
“Ime aṭṭhārasa manopavicārā” ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
“These are the eighteen investigations of mind” is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
“Imāni cattāri ariyasaccānī” ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
“These are the four noble truths” is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
The Six Elements
“ ‘Imā cha dhātuyo’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
“ ‘These are the six elements’ is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ?
This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said?
Chayimā bhikkhave dhātuyo:
There are these six elements, monks:
paṭhavīdhātu, [15] āpodhātu, tejodhātu, vāyodhātu, ākāsadhātu, viññāṇadhātu.
the earth element, the water element, the fire element, the wind element, the space element, the consciousness element. [16]
‘Imā cha dhātuyo’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
‘These are the six elements’ is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ?
This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said?
Iti yaṁ taṁ [17] vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ.
This is that which was said, and this is the reason it was said.
The Six Spheres of Contact
‘Imāni cha phassāyatanānī’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
‘These are the six spheres of contact’ is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ?
This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said?
Chayimāni bhikkhave phassāyatanāni:
There are these six spheres of contact, monks:
cakkhuṁ [18] phassāyatanaṁ, sotaṁ phassāyatanaṁ, ghānaṁ phassāyatanaṁ,
the eye sphere of contact, the ear sphere of contact, the nose sphere of contact,
jivhā phassāyatanaṁ, kāyo phassāyatanaṁ, mano phassāyatanaṁ.
the tongue sphere of contact, the body sphere of contact, the mind sphere of contact.
‘Imāni cha phassāyatanānī’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
‘These are the six spheres of contact’ is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ.
This is that which was said, and this is the reason it was said.
The Eighteen Investigations of Mind
‘Ime aṭṭhārasa manopavicārā’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
‘These are the eighteen investigations of mind’ is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins. [19]
Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ?
This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said?
Cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rūpaṁ upavicarati,
Having seen a form with the eye he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant form,
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rūpaṁ upavicarati,
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant form,
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ rūpaṁ upavicarati.
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral form. [20]
Sotena saddaṁ sutvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ saddaṁ upavicarati,
Having heard a sound with the ear he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant sound,
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ saddaṁ upavicarati,
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant sound,
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ saddaṁ upavicarati.
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral sound.
Ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyitvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ gandhaṁ upavicarati,
Having smelt a smell with the nose he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant smell,
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ gandhaṁ upavicarati,
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant smell,
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ gandhaṁ upavicarati.
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral smell.
Jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rasaṁ upavicarati,
Having tasted a taste with the tongue he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant taste,
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ rasaṁ upavicarati,
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant taste,
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ rasaṁ upavicarati,
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral taste,
Kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṁ phusitvā somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upavicarati,
Having touched a tangible with the body he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant tangible,
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upavicarati,
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant tangible,
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upavicarati,
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral tangible,
Manasā dhammaṁ viññāya somanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ dhammaṁ upavicarati,
Having cognised a mental object with the mind he investigates whether it is to be classified as a pleasant mental object,
domanassaṭṭhāniyaṁ dhammaṁ upavicarati,
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a unpleasant mental object,
upekkhaṭṭhāniyaṁ dhammaṁ upavicarati.
he investigates whether it is to be classified as a neutral mental object.
‘Ime aṭṭhārasa manopavicārā’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
‘These are the eighteen investigations of mind’ is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ.
This is that which was said, and this is the reason it was said.
The Four Noble Truths
‘Imāni cattāri ariyasaccānī’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
‘These are the four noble truths’ is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
Iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, kiñ-cetaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ?
This is what was said, but in regard to what was it said?
Channaṁ bhikkhave dhātūnaṁ upādāya gabbhassāvakkanti hoti,
Having attachment to the six elements, monks, there is entry into the womb,
okkantiyā sati nāmarūpaṁ,
with the appearance (in the womb) there is mind and body,
nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ,
because of mind and body: the six sense spheres,
saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso,
because of the six sense spheres: contact,
phassapaccayā vedanā,
because of contact: feeling,
vediyamānassa kho panāhaṁ bhikkhave ‘idaṁ Dukkhan’-ti paññāpemi, [21]
now to one who has feeling, monks, I declare ‘this is Suffering’,
‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ ti paññāpemi,
I declare ‘this is the arising of suffering’,
‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ ti paññāpemi,
I declare ‘this is the cessation of suffering’,
‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ ti paññāpemi.
I declare ‘this is the path leading to the cessation of suffering’.
Katamañ-ca bhikkhave dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ?
Now what, monks, is the noble truth of suffering?
Jāti pi dukkhā
Birth is suffering
jarā pi dukkhā
also old age is suffering
maraṇam-pi dukkhaṁ
also death is suffering
sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā pi dukkhā
also grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow, and despair, is suffering
[22]yam-picchaṁ na labhati tam-pi dukkhaṁ
also not to obtain what one longs for is suffering
saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā.
in brief, the five constituent groups (of mind and body) that provide fuel for attachment are suffering.
Idaṁ vuccati bhikkhave dukkhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ.
This I say, monks, is the noble truth of suffering.
Katamañ-ca bhikkhave Dukkhasamudayaṁ [23] ariyasaccaṁ?
Now what, monks, is the noble truth of the arising of suffering?
Avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā,
Because of ignorance there are (volitional) processes,
saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṁ,
because of (volitional) processes: consciousness,
viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṁ,
because of consciousness: mind and body,
nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ,
because of mind and body: the six sense spheres,
saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso,
because of the six sense spheres: contact,
phassapaccayā vedanā,
because of contact: feeling,
vedanāpaccayā taṇhā,
because of feeling: craving,
taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṁ,
because of craving: attachment,
upādānapaccayā bhavo,
because of attachment: continuation,
bhavapaccayā jāti,
because of continuation: birth,
jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṁ,
because of birth: old age, death,
sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti,
grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow, and despair (all) arise,
evam-etassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.
and so there is an origination of this whole mass of suffering.
Idaṁ vuccati bhikkhave dukkhasamudayaṁ ariyasaccaṁ.
This I say, monks, is the Noble Truth of the arising of suffering.
Katamañ-ca bhikkhave dukkhanirodhaṁ [24] ariyasaccaṁ?
Now what, monks, is the noble truth of the cessation of suffering?
Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho,
From the complete fading away and cessation of ignorance, there is the cessation of (volitional) processes,
saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho,
from the cessation of (volitional) processes, the cessation of consciousness,
viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho,
from the cessation of consciousness, the cessation of mind and body,
nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho,
from the cessation of mind and body, the cessation of the six sense spheres,
saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho,
from the cessation of the six sense spheres, the cessation of contact,
phassanirodhā vedanānirodho,
from the cessation of contact, the cessation of feeling,
vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho,
from the cessation of feeling, the cessation of craving,
taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho,
from the cessation of craving, the cessation of attachment,
upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho,
from the cessation of attachment, the cessation of continuation,
bhavanirodhā jātinirodho,
from the cessation of continuation, the cessation of birth,
jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṁ,
from the cessation of birth, old age, death,
sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti,
grief, lamentation, pain, sorrow, and despair (all) cease,
evam-etassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti.
and so there is a cessation of this whole mass of suffering.
Idaṁ vuccati bhikkhave dukkhanirodhaṁ ariyasaccaṁ.
This I say, monks, is the noble truth of the cessation of suffering.
Katamañ-ca bhikkhave dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ?
Now what, monks, is the noble truth of the path leading to the cessation of suffering?
Ayam-eva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathīdaṁ: [25]
It is this noble path with eight factors, as follows:
sammādiṭṭhi
right view
sammāsaṅkappo
right thought
sammāvācā
right speech
sammākammanto
right action
sammā-ājīvo
right livelihood
sammāvāyāmo
right endeavour
sammāsati
right mindfulness
sammāsamādhi
right concentration
Idaṁ vuccati bhikkhave dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṁ.
This I say, monks, is the noble truth of path leading to the cessation of suffering.
‘Imāni cattāri ariyasaccānī’ ti bhikkhave mayā Dhammo desito
‘These are the four noble truths’ is a Teaching, monks, taught by me
aniggahito asaṁkiliṭṭho anupavajjo appaṭikuṭṭho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ti.
that is without reproach, undefiled, blameless, and unreviled by wise ascetics and brahmins.
Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idam-etaṁ paṭicca vuttaṁ.
This is that which was said, and this is the reason it was said.
Nitthitaṁ
Finished
Footnotes
- ↑ RTE: Tīṇīmāni.
- ↑ RTE: samanuggāhiyamānāni, and similarly throughout.
- ↑ The syntax of these opening lines is not clear, and only through the bracketed addition, giving causal meaning, can we make good sense. The comm. says: ‘Param-pi gantvā’ ti ācariyaparamparā laddhiparamparā attabhāvaparamparā ti etesu yaṁ kiñci paramparaṁ gantvā pi; ‘have come down’ (means) a tradition (paramparā) coming from a teacher, a tradition coming from a theory, a tradition coming from an individual, whatever tradition has come down from these.
- ↑ RTE: sabban-taṁ, and similarly throughout.
- ↑ This was a belief held amongst the Jains (see MN 101). Many Buddhists today hold a similar view and believe that everything is happening only according to kammavipāka, without allowing for other conditions. The Buddha will show the consequences of this view below and refute it.
- ↑ ‘Issaranimmānahetū’ ti issaranimmānakāraṇā, issarena nimmitattā paṭisaṁvedetī ti attho. ‘Due to the power of God’ by the power of God, he experiences through the powerfulness of God, is the meaning. This belief logically applies to all who believe in a Creator God, including Christians, Muslims, and certain Hindus.
- ↑ This would include most materialists, who do not admit moral causation.
- ↑ ChS: ca, here and below.
- ↑ Notice that the Buddha is always careful to verify another's belief before he refutes it.
- ↑ These are the ten paths of unwholesome actions (dasākusalakammapathā).
- ↑ Lit: having lost his mindfulness.
- ↑ ‘Anārakkhānaṁ viharatan’-ti chasu dvāresu nirārakkhānaṁ viharantānaṁ, ‘he lives without protection’, he lives without protection of the six doors (of sense).
- ↑ Samaṇa is derived from the root √sam, to exert (oneself), to strive, but one holding this view (or any of the others mentioned below) doesn't have any reason to strive at all, and therefore cannot reasonably be called an ascetic.
- ↑ TRE: appaṭikkuṭṭho, similarly elsewhere.
- ↑ ChS: pathavīdhātu.
- ↑ Sometimes the elements are listed as the first four, and sometimes as the first five.
- ↑ RTE: yan-taṁ, and similarly throughout.
- ↑ ChS: cakkhu.
- ↑ This teaching seems to be mentioned only here, and in the commentaries on this discourse, except when it is quoted from here (as in the commentary to Mūlapariyāyasuttaṁ (MN 1), but it is enunciated as though it were a well-known teaching.
- ↑ upekkhā here is equivalent to adukkhamasukhavedanā.
- ↑ ChS: paññapemi, and similarly throughout.
- ↑ RTE adds: dukkhā appiyehi sampayogo, dukkho piyehi vippayogo dukkho.
- ↑ RTE: dukkhasamudayo, here and below.
- ↑ RTE: dukkhanirodho, here and below.
- ↑ ChS: seyyathidaṁ.
