Causal refuge
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causal refuge: causal Buddha, causal Dharma and causal Sangha
The objects of refuge—the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha—existing in the mental continua of others, as opposed to resultant refuge. Only by relying upon these external refuge objects can we achieve our own internal resultant refuge. Causal refuge can be both absolute and relative Buddha, Dharma and Sangha.
See also: absolute refuge, conventional refuge.