Different Tibetan script styles
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Listed below are examples of fourteen script styles. The first ten Tibetan script styles are written with the same sentence that translates as “Elegantly commanded Tibetan calligraphy”. These clearly demonstrate their different characteristics and explain the traditional usage.
Uchen script
The name Uchen translates and describes this script style as ‘with head’, as each letter hangs down from its own straight head that are arranged horizontally. This gives the Uchen script its distinct angular appearance, which to an untrained eye can be mistaken for Devanagari Sanskrit. Uchen could be called the classical Tibetan script style. The Western equivalent would be classical Roman script, in the same as it is constructed from precise proportions. Uchen’s characteristic angular shape also lends well to wood block carving for printing, of which the vast Buddhist cannons were reproduced as printed manuscripts.
High Uchen script
High Uchen is an honorific script style originating in the 15th-16th century in central Tibet. This script form was mostly used for illuminated title pages of manuscripts. It has a particular refined elegance that sets it apart from the regular classical Uchen style of calligraphy.
Tsugring script
Tsugring translates as ‘long limb’ this describes the long slender height of this script style. As most Tibetan script styles, except for Uchen, Tsugring belongs to the ‘headless’ class of styles called Umeh.
Tsugtung
Tsugtung is similar to Tsugring in style; the main difference is that the letter height is shorted.
Tsugmakhyug
This is sub script style that sits between Tsugtung and Khyug. It has a less formal appearance, with a more rounded letterform and shorter vowel signs.
Khyug
Khyug is known as the quick writing style, used for swiftness needed for normal handwriting. Its cursive form with vowel signs that stand up freely yet joined up to the main body of text, means that a separation of a different colour is not easily possible.
Petsug
Petsug is another style used for handwriting, and often for books. It was commonly used in the Kham Province of East Tibet, which lends it another name Khamyig, meaning ‘writing of Kham’. Petsug has a distinctive short angular style with short vowel signs. This means that lines of text can be placed closer together than other Tibetan script styles.
Drutsa
Drusta is the most cursive of the Tibetan script styles, because of this it is used generally for artistic calligraphy. Perhaps more feminine in appearances, the rounded forms of the letters can be exaggerated and flourished to fit all shapes and orientations.
Ornate Drutsa
The ornate Drutsa is a more ornamented style that can allow longer limbs to the letters and additional curls and swirls to the vowel signs heading and endings.
High Drutsa
High Drutsa is generally a more masculine form of Drusta, which is created to a formal structure. The characteristics of this style are slightly more angular with the limbs of the letters long and straight.
Drutsa Roundel
The cursive Drutsa script is the only Tibetan script that can be arranged artfully within roundel shape. This is a contemporary use of Tibetan calligraphy, especially created for tattoo design by Tashi.
A Drutsa Roundel is most effective with few words to the design; otherwise the effect may become too complex. The example shows three roundels that are arranged with the words ‘Drutsa roundel’.
Horyig
Horyig is explained in the name, hor means Mongolian and yig means writing. This is a specialized script style devised for the used of seals across both Mongolia and Tibet during the 13th century.
This neo-Mongolian/Tibetan script is always arranged in vertical columns. There are two widths of seal script, wide and narrow. From left to right the example shows the name ‘Horyig’ in columns of wide, narrow and as one single column in the wide formation.
Lantsha
Lantsha is an ancient letterform of Sanskrit also known as Rañjana. It was preserved in Tibet used mainly in Temple decoration above doors and on beams as mantras. Like Uchen the letters are constructed down from a straight head.
Wartu
Wartu is another ancient Sanskrit letterform that was preserved in Tibet. The characteristic of this script style is that there is a more cursive style head to the letters, though the bottom part of the letters is similar to that of Lantsha Sanskrit.
Heading character
A heading character is a symbol that prefixes to a word or sentence. It has no meaning as a word in its self, but declares the importance of the word or sentence it is affixed to. Each script style has its own style of heading character. Here shows examples of the Uchen heading character as single, double and treble. Along with the heading character is the finishing marks, arranged at the end of a word or sentence, essentially a full stop, though as a long down stroke, singularly or double as shown here.