Five Medicines
Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia is now 14 years old
Our Encyclopedia recently received a wonderful opportunity for a major renewal on its 14th birthday . After many years of growing our Encyclopedia had become bit slow and sometimes even decided not to answer when people knocked on the door.
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1. sappi: ghee, clarified butter, a fine oil used in Indian cooking; obtained from processing the milk of cows, goats, buffaloes or any other animal whose flesh is allowed;
2. navaniita: fresh butter/cheese* made from the milk of any animal whose flesh is allowed;
3. telam: oil, either vegetable or animal;
4. madhu: honey from bees;
5. phaanita: sugar, often translated as "molasses," however this seems a quite limited definition; while sugar cane is specifically mentioned, it seems that all kinds of sugar** are meant. Sugar cane was probably the original source of sugar and it would have been in quite a raw state much like the jaggery of Sri Lanka and the um oy of Thailand. (HS ch.10)