གཤིན་རྗེ་
Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia is now 14 years old
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གཤིན་རྗེ། (Wyl. gshin rje ) Pron.: shinjé
- Skt. यम, yama, Pron.: yama. From Sanskrit: a rein, curb, bridle | a driver, charioteer | the act of checking or curbing, suppression, restraint (with | restraint of words, silence | self-control forbearance, any great moral rule or duty (as •opp. to | a minor observance | in | ten Yamas are mentioned, sometimes only five | (in Yoga) self-restraint (as the first of the eight Añgas or means of attaining mental concentration) | any rule or observance | or | twin-born, twin, forming a pair | a twin, one of a pair or couple, a fellow | 'the twins' N. of the Aśvins and of their twin children by Mādrī, called Nakula and Saha-deva | twins of different sex | a symbolical N. for the number 'two' | N. of the god who presides over the Pitṛis | and rules the spirits of the dead | and his wife Saraṇyū | while his brother, the seventh Manu, another form of the first man, is the son of Vivasvat and Saṃjñā, the image of Saraṇyū | his twin-sister is Yamī, with whom he resists sexual alliance, but by whom he is mourned after his death, so that the gods, to make her forget her sorrow, create night | in the Veda he is called a king or | 'the gatherer of men', and rules over the departed fathers in heaven, the road to which is guarded by two broad-nosed, four-eyed, spotted dogs, the children of Śaramā | in Post-vedic mythology he is the appointed Judge and 'Restrainer' or 'Punisher' of the dead, in which capacity he is also called | or | and corresponds to the Greek Pluto and to Minos | his abode is in some region of the lower world called Yama-pura | thither a soul when it leaves the body, is said to repair, and there, after the recorder, Citra-gupta, has read an account of its actions kept in a book called Agra-saṃdhānā, it receives a just sentence | in | Yama is described as dressed in blood-red garments, with a glittering form, a crown on his head, glowing eyes and like Varuṇa, holding a noose, with which he binds the spirit after drawing it from the body, in size about the measure of a man's thumb | he is otherwise represented as grim in aspect, green in colour, clothed in red, riding on a buffalo, and holding a club in one hind and noose in the other | in the later mythology he is always represented as a terrible deity inflicting tortures, called | on departed spirits | he is also one of the 8 guardians of the world as regent of the South quarter | he is the regent of the Nakshatra Apa-bharaṇī or Bharaṇī, the supposed author of | of a hymn to Vishṇu and of a law-book | N. of a Sāman | N. of the planet Saturn (regarded as the son of Vivasvat and Chāyā) | of one of Skanda's attendants (mentioned together with Ati-yama) | a crow | a bad horse (whose limbs are either too small or too large)