Difference between revisions of "Okkāka"
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| − | + | 1. '''[[Okkāka]]'''.-A [[king]], [[ancestor]] of the [[Sākiyā clan|Sākyas]] and the [[Kolians]]. | |
| − | + | In the [[Ambattha Sutta]] (D.i.92) it is stated that [[Okkāka]], being fond of his [[Wikipedia:Queen consort|queen]] and wishing to transfer the {{Wiki|kingdom}} to her son, banished from the {{Wiki|kingdom}} the elder princes by another wife. | |
| − | [[ | + | These princes were named [[Okkāmukha]], [[Karakanda]], [[Hatthinika]], and Sīnipura. |
| − | + | The [[Mahāvastu]] (which confuses Iksvāku with his [[ancestor]] [[Sujāta]]) mentions five sons of Iksvāku: Opura, [[Ulkāmukha]], Karandaka, Hastikasīrsa and Nipura (i.348). See also [[Rockhill]], p.9ff. | |
| − | + | They lived on the slopes of the {{Wiki|Himalaya}} and, consorting with their sisters and their descendants, formed the [[Sākyan]] race. | |
| − | + | The legend, thus briefly given, is enlarged on with great detail in the Commentaries. | |
| − | According to the [[Mahāvastu]], Iksavāku was the king of the [[Kosala]]s and his capital was [[Sāketa]] - i.e. {{Wiki|Ayodhyā}}. See also s.v. [[Sākya]]. | + | According to [[Buddhaghosa]], there are three dynasties with a [[king]] named [[Okkāka]] at the head of each, all of them lineal descendants of the primeval [[king]], [[Mahāsammata]], and in the [[line of succession]] of Makādeva. |
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| + | The [[Okkāka]] of the third {{Wiki|dynasty}} had five queens - Bhattā, [[Cittā]], Jantū, [[Jālinī]] and [[Visākhā]] - each with five hundred {{Wiki|female}} attendants. | ||
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| + | The eldest [[Wikipedia:Queen consort|queen]] had four sons - mentioned above - and five daughters - Piyā, Suppiyā, [[Anandā]], Vijitā and [[Vijitasenā]]. ( | ||
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| + | The Mtu. calls them Suddhā, [[Vimalā]] Vijitā, Jālā and Jālī). | ||
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| + | When Bhattā [[died]], after the [[birth]] of these nine children, the [[king]] [[married]] another young and beautiful {{Wiki|princess}} and made her the chief [[Wikipedia:Queen consort|queen]]. Her son was [[Jantu]], and being [[pleased]] with him, the [[king]] promised her a boon. | ||
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| + | She claimed the {{Wiki|kingdom}} for her son, and this was the [[reason]] for the exile of the elder children (DA.i.258f; SnA.i.352f). | ||
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| + | The [[Mahāvamsa]] (Mhv.ii.12-16) mentions among [[Okkāka]]'s descendants, Nipuna, [[Candimā]], Candamukha, Sivisañjaya, [[Vessantara]], Jāli, Sīhavāhana and Sīhassara. The last named had eighty-four thousand descendants, the last of whom was [[Jayasena]]. | ||
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| + | His son Sīhahanu was the grandfather of the [[Buddha]]. The [[Dīpavamsa]] (iii.41-5) list resembles this very closely. | ||
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| + | [[Okkāka]] had a slave-girl called [[Disā]], who gave [[birth]] to a black baby named, accordingly, [[Kanha]]. He was the [[ancestor]] of the [[Kanhāyanas]], of which race the [[Ambattha]]-{{Wiki|clan}} was an offshoot. | ||
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| + | Later, [[Kanha]] became a mighty [[Wikipedia:Sage (sophos|sage]] and, by his [[magic]] [[power]], won in [[marriage]] [[Maddarūpī]], another daughter of [[Okkāka]] (D.i.93, 96). | ||
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| + | According to the [[Brāhmana-Dhammika Sutta]] (Sn.p.52ff; AA.ii.737), it was during the time of [[Okkāka]] that the [[brahmins]] started their practice of slaughtering [[animals]] for [[Wikipedia:sacrifice|sacrifice]]. | ||
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| + | Till then there had been only three {{Wiki|diseases}} in the [[world]] - [[desire]], hunger and [[old age]]; but from this time onwards the enraged [[devas]] afflicted [[humans]] with various kinds of [[suffering]]. | ||
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| + | It is said (DA.i.258) that the [[name]] [[Okkāka]] was given to the [[king]] because when he spoke [[light]] issued from his {{Wiki|mouth}} like a torch (kathanakāle ukkā viya mukhato pabhā niccharati). | ||
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| + | Although the [[Sanskritised]] [[form]] of the [[Pāli]] [[name]] is Iksavāku, it is unlikely that [[Okkāka]] is [[identical]] with the famous Iksavāku of the Purānas, the immediate son of [[Manu]], son of the {{Wiki|Sun}}. | ||
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| + | The [[Pāli]] is evidently more primitive, as is shown by the [[form]] [[Okkāmukha]], and the [[name]] Iksavāku looks like a deliberate attempt at accommodation to the [[Purānic]] account. For [[discussion]] see Thomas, op. cit., p.6. | ||
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| + | According to the [[Mahāvastu]], Iksavāku was the [[king]] of the [[Kosala]]s and his capital was [[Sāketa]] - i.e. {{Wiki|Ayodhyā}}. See also s.v. [[Sākya]]. | ||
The [[Cūlavamsa]] mentions among [[Okkāka]]'s descendants, [[Mahātissa]], [[Sagara]] and [[Sāhasamalla]] (q.v.). | The [[Cūlavamsa]] mentions among [[Okkāka]]'s descendants, [[Mahātissa]], [[Sagara]] and [[Sāhasamalla]] (q.v.). | ||
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| − | 2. [[Okkāka]]- King of Kusāvatī in the Malla country. He had sixteen thousand wives, the chief of whom was Sīlavatī. As a result of her consorting with [[Sakka]], two sons were born, Kusa and Jayampati. | + | 2. [[Okkāka]]- [[King]] of [[Kusāvatī]] in the [[Malla]] country. He had sixteen thousand wives, the chief of whom was [[Sīlavatī]]. As a result of her consorting with [[Sakka]], two sons were born, [[Kusa]] and Jayampati. |
The story is related in the [[Kusa Jātaka]]. J.v.278ff. | The story is related in the [[Kusa Jātaka]]. J.v.278ff. | ||
Latest revision as of 06:48, 26 February 2016
1. Okkāka.-A king, ancestor of the Sākyas and the Kolians.
In the Ambattha Sutta (D.i.92) it is stated that Okkāka, being fond of his queen and wishing to transfer the kingdom to her son, banished from the kingdom the elder princes by another wife.
These princes were named Okkāmukha, Karakanda, Hatthinika, and Sīnipura.
The Mahāvastu (which confuses Iksvāku with his ancestor Sujāta) mentions five sons of Iksvāku: Opura, Ulkāmukha, Karandaka, Hastikasīrsa and Nipura (i.348). See also Rockhill, p.9ff.
They lived on the slopes of the Himalaya and, consorting with their sisters and their descendants, formed the Sākyan race.
The legend, thus briefly given, is enlarged on with great detail in the Commentaries.
According to Buddhaghosa, there are three dynasties with a king named Okkāka at the head of each, all of them lineal descendants of the primeval king, Mahāsammata, and in the line of succession of Makādeva.
The Okkāka of the third dynasty had five queens - Bhattā, Cittā, Jantū, Jālinī and Visākhā - each with five hundred female attendants.
The eldest queen had four sons - mentioned above - and five daughters - Piyā, Suppiyā, Anandā, Vijitā and Vijitasenā. (
The Mtu. calls them Suddhā, Vimalā Vijitā, Jālā and Jālī).
When Bhattā died, after the birth of these nine children, the king married another young and beautiful princess and made her the chief queen. Her son was Jantu, and being pleased with him, the king promised her a boon.
She claimed the kingdom for her son, and this was the reason for the exile of the elder children (DA.i.258f; SnA.i.352f).
The Mahāvamsa (Mhv.ii.12-16) mentions among Okkāka's descendants, Nipuna, Candimā, Candamukha, Sivisañjaya, Vessantara, Jāli, Sīhavāhana and Sīhassara. The last named had eighty-four thousand descendants, the last of whom was Jayasena.
His son Sīhahanu was the grandfather of the Buddha. The Dīpavamsa (iii.41-5) list resembles this very closely.
Okkāka had a slave-girl called Disā, who gave birth to a black baby named, accordingly, Kanha. He was the ancestor of the Kanhāyanas, of which race the Ambattha-clan was an offshoot.
Later, Kanha became a mighty sage and, by his magic power, won in marriage Maddarūpī, another daughter of Okkāka (D.i.93, 96).
According to the Brāhmana-Dhammika Sutta (Sn.p.52ff; AA.ii.737), it was during the time of Okkāka that the brahmins started their practice of slaughtering animals for sacrifice.
Till then there had been only three diseases in the world - desire, hunger and old age; but from this time onwards the enraged devas afflicted humans with various kinds of suffering.
It is said (DA.i.258) that the name Okkāka was given to the king because when he spoke light issued from his mouth like a torch (kathanakāle ukkā viya mukhato pabhā niccharati).
Although the Sanskritised form of the Pāli name is Iksavāku, it is unlikely that Okkāka is identical with the famous Iksavāku of the Purānas, the immediate son of Manu, son of the Sun.
The Pāli is evidently more primitive, as is shown by the form Okkāmukha, and the name Iksavāku looks like a deliberate attempt at accommodation to the Purānic account. For discussion see Thomas, op. cit., p.6.
According to the Mahāvastu, Iksavāku was the king of the Kosalas and his capital was Sāketa - i.e. Ayodhyā. See also s.v. Sākya.
The Cūlavamsa mentions among Okkāka's descendants, Mahātissa, Sagara and Sāhasamalla (q.v.).
2. Okkāka- King of Kusāvatī in the Malla country. He had sixteen thousand wives, the chief of whom was Sīlavatī. As a result of her consorting with Sakka, two sons were born, Kusa and Jayampati.
The story is related in the Kusa Jātaka. J.v.278ff.
