Ch’an (Chin.)
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Ch’an (Chin.) : From the Sk. Dhyāna. In Jap., Zen. The Zen Bsm. of Japan derives from the Ch’an Bsm. of China, founded in the sixth century by Bodhidharma and formed into a School by Hung-jen, Hui-neng and their followers in the eighth century. Ch’an Bsm. has been described as the Chinese reaction to the
intellectual Bsm. of India. Zen Bsm. may be called Japan’s reaction to Ch’an. Yet the Ch’an/Zen School is, even with the distinction of Rinzai and Sōtō Zen,
unique as a School of spiritual development, and the word ‘Zen’ has in this work been used for both the Chin. and Jap. forms. For specific Ch’an Bsm. see Chang, The Practice of Zen (1959), Humphreys, Zen Buddhism (1949) and the numerous works by Dr D.T. Suzuki (q.v.). (See Zen.)